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CONDITIONAL RELATIONS
(PATTHANA)
VOL. I
$ali Ccxt ssocictp
TRANSLATION SERIES No. 37
CONDITIONAL RELATIONS
(PATTHANA)
Being Vol. I of the Chatthasangayana Text of
The Seventh Book of the Abhidhamma Pitaka
A Translation
by
U NARADA
MULA PATTHANA SAYADAW
(of Rangoon, Burma)
Originator of Abhidhamma Charts
Assisted by
THEIN NYUN
LONDON
Published for the Pali Text Society
BY
LUZAC & COMPANY, LTD.
46 Great Russell Street, W.C.i
i960
All rights reserved
PRINTED BY STEPHEN AUSTIN AND SONS, LTD., HERTFORD,
ENGLAND
GENERAL CONTENTS
PAGE
Foreword by Dr. I. B. Horner . . . vii
Introduction by Sayadaw U Narad a . . xi
Contents of Conditional Relations . . . cxi
CONDITIONAL RELATIONS
I. Enumeration of the Conditions i
II. Analytical Exposition of the Conditions . 2
III. Question Chapter ...... 13
IV. Answers :—
1. FAULTLESS TRIPLET ..... 22
2 . FEELING TRIPLET ..... 318
3. RESULTANT TRIPLET ..... 362
4. CLINGING TRIPLET ..... 429
5 . CORRUPT TRIPLET ..... 502
FOREWORD
The P.T.S. Translation Series entered on another phase
in 1962 with the publication of “ Discourse on Elements ",
a translation of Dhatukatha, the third book of the
Abhidhamma-pitaka, by Mula Patthana Sayadaw U Narada
of Rangoon. An Abhidhamma book dealing with Triplets
and Couplets of Dhammasarigani, and with the Aggregates,
Bases, Elements, Truths, Faculties, Dependent Origination,
etc., of Vibhahga, was thus put within reach of the English-
speaking student. Moreover, the immense clarity and consis¬
tency both of the translation and of the method of exposition,
together with the Charts, of which the Mula Patthana Sayadaw
is the originator, make it hard to imagine that this book could
ever be superseded. Exactly the same may be said, but with
even more emphasis, of this present work. Called “ Conditional
Relations ", it is a translation of the first volume of the
enormously long and extremely intricate Patthana, the seventh
and final book of the Abhidhamma-pitaka. As the Mula
Patthana Sayadaw says at the end of his Introduction, his
translation is based on the Sixth Synod or Chattha Sangayana
text, 1955, 5 vols., to which he refers now and again as Synod
Text or Synod. The subjects dealt with in each of these vols.
are given in the Introduction.
It is not proposed that the same translator will translate
the Synod vols. II, III, IV or V. The basis for their translation
is contained in this present work, and can be undertaken by
any competent scholar of Pali Buddhism. As the treatment is
similar, what he would need to do would be to relate the
remaining 17 Triplets, the 100 Couplets and their many inter¬
relationships, to the system of the 24 Conditional Relations by
the methods generally obtaining in the five examples detailed in
this present translation. If that scholar be as conversant with
all the categories of Abhidhamma analysis as U Narada is
viii Conditional Relations
clearly seen to be, then he should be capable of applying these
methods and completing the remaining sections of this in¬
credibly complicated work.
As the province of Patthana is one of Omniscience, the
sphere of Buddhas only (see Intr. p. cii), a faithful exposition
of this “ ocean of method " could be made intelligible only
by someone who had devoted years of deep study and reflexion
to it, and had had the additional purpose of finding the right
approach to display its vast complexities and unique content
in a form that could be grasped by students. To enable such
a study to be more fully pursued, the Ven. Sayadaw is
compiling a Guide to Patthana. It will be a companion
volume to this present translation, and is to be published
by P.T.S. His exceptional qualifications and eminence in this
field guarantee the reliability and authoritativeness of all his
statements and explanations. This vol. of Patthana and the
Guide to it may be studied therefore with every confidence.
They are a magnificent example of a complete comprehension
of what the Buddhavacana meant then, at the time it was
uttered, and of a rare power to convey this meaning to students
some 2,500 years later in the sense that was intended then.
They will find that the venerable verities still exist today.
In the Anagatavamsa and some of the Pali Commentaries
it is stated that as time goes on and on the Buddha’s Dhamma
will decay owing to five “ disappearances ” affecting its
survival. In the “ disappearance of learning ”, the Great
Patthana itself will decay first, other parts of the Pitaka
following till all have fallen into oblivion. It is largely to
delay such an eventuality that the Mula Patthana Sayadaw
and his fellow-worker, U Thein Nyun, feel it important to
devote so much of their time and effort to translating the
Abhidhamma. They believe that if Patthana can be under¬
stood in the West “as it really is ” (yathabhuta), a means
of keeping it alive for an additional length of time will have
been achieved; hence the survival of the rest of the
Abhidhamma-pitaka, of the Sutta-pitaka and of the Vinaya-
pitaka will be assured also.
It remains for me to record the deep sense of gratitude
the Society entertains towards the Venerable Mula Patthana
Foreword
IX
Sayadaw U Narada for offering it for publication the works
I have mentioned in this Foreword. These translations would
not have been possible without the generous help given by
U Them Nyun. The P.T.S. offers him likewise its warm thanks
for his many valuable labours, and is glad to note that he is
assisting with the preparation of the Guide to Patthana.
I. B. Horner.
London.
December 1967.
INTRODUCTION
The Buddha expounded the Abhidhamma in the Tavatirhsa
World of the Devas. After He completed the Yamaka, which
forms the Sixth Book of Abhidhamma Pitaka, He continued
with the Patthana where various methods, deep and wide as
the ocean, were provided.
What is Patthana ?
• •
Patthana (Conditional Relations) deals with the 22 Triplets
and 100 Couplets of the Dhammasariganl, i.e. all the ultimate
realities, both singly and in combinations, with reference to the
24 conditions to show how the causes and their effects are
related.
In the methods of the Four Noble Truths and Dependent
Origination, only the manifested causes and effects are con¬
sidered. But in Patthana, the forces that bring about the
relations between the causes and effects are also taken into
account and it is with these forces that this subject is primarily
concerned. Hence statements such as “ Visible object-base is
related to eye-consciousness element and its associated states
by object condition ” are met with in the Text. This means
that visible object-base, a state as the condition, is related to
eye-consciousness element and its associated states, the states
as the conditioned, by the force of object condition or the
conditioning force of object. Although the states, as causes
and effects, have to be unavoidably mentioned, stress is laid
on the underlying forces that bring about the relations between
them.
Definitions
Condition (paccaya). It is that which must precede the
operation of a cause. Root condition and object condition are
generic terms for all the six roots and all the objects respec¬
tively. But the root, greed, is a specific root condition and the
• •
Conditional Relations
Xll
object, visible object-base, is a specific object condition. This
applies to all the conditions.
Conditioning state (paccaya dhamma). It is the state which
is the cause on which the effect is dependent. It is the cause
that is related to an effect and without which there can be no
effect. Thus greed is a conditioning state of root condition and
visible object-base is a conditioning state of object condition.
Conditioned state (paccayuppanna dhamma). It is the state
which is the effect that results from a cause. It is the effect
which is related by a cause. Thus, in the example of the
relation given above, eye-consciousness element and its
associated states are the conditioned states of object condition.
Non-conditioned state (paccamya dhamma). In the first six
chapters, it is the state which is not a conditioned state of the
positive conditions. But in the Investigation chapter it is the
state which is not common to the conditioning states and
conditioned states of the same or different groups of conditions.
Related (upakaraka). This means that when a state is
present, the other states that are connected with it will (i) arise
if they have not arisen, (2) continue to exist if they have
already arisen, or (3) gradually develop while in existence. The
ultimate states of reality cannot make efforts on their own or
plan to do so. But if one of them is present, the accomplish¬
ments of the connected states are brought about. This is what
is meant when it is said that a state is related to one or more
states.
- Force ( satti ). It is that which has the power to bring about
or accomplish. Just as the hotness of chilli is inherent in it
and cannot exist apart from it and as the sweetness of sugar
is inherent in it and cannot exist apart from it, so also, the
conditioning forces inherent in the states cannot exist apart
from those states. For example, in root condition, the force of
root condition (conditioning force) inherent in the state of
greed, which is one of the six roots, cannot exist apart from
that state. Here the root conditioning state is greed and the
conditioning force of greed is also greed. Therefore, the force
and the state which possesses that force cannot be considered
Introduction
Xlll
apart from each other. It has to be remembered, however, that
a state can possess many conditioning forces. For instance, the
root, non-delusion, a conditioning state of root condition,
possesses, besides the conditioning force of root, those of pre¬
dominance, conascence, mutuality, dependence, resultant,
faculty, path, association, dissociation, presence and non¬
disappearance.
The Order of Patthana Exposition
+ •
The order of the Patthana Text is as follows :—
• •
I. The Introduction. Here the Enumeration of the 24 condi¬
tions such as “ root condition ”, “ object condition ” and so on
is first given and then an Analytical Exposition, neither too
brief nor too detailed, of these conditions such as " The roots
are related to the states which are associated with roots, and
the matter produced thereby, by (the force of) root condition ”
and so on.
II. The Main Body of the Exposition. Here all the ultimate
realities are treated by the four methods, namely :
1. Positive Method.
2. Negative Method.
3. Positive-Negative Method.
4. Negative-Positive Method.
These form the four Great Divisions of Patthana.
• •
In each of them, the subject-matter consists of:
(i) Triplets.
(ii) Couplets.
(iii) Couplet-Triplet Combinations.
(iv) Triplet-Couplet Combinations.
(v) Triplet-Triplet Combinations.
(vi) Couplet-Couplet Combinations.
This gives the 24 Divisions of Patthana.
xiv Conditional Relations
Each of these Triplets, Couplets, and their Combinations is
dealt with under the seven Chapters, namely :
I. “ Dependent ” Chapter.
II. “ Conascent ” Chapter.
III. “ Conditioned ” Chapter.
IV. “ Supported ” Chapter.
V. “ Conjoined ” Chapter.
VI. “ Associated ” Chapter.
VII. “ Investigation ” Chapter.
Again, each of these Chapters treats of the relations between
the conditioning states and conditioned states of the conditions
that are involved in each case. The conditions are taken
“ Singly ” (" By Ones ”), " By Twos ”, “ By Threes ” and so
on. Since the four methods given above are also applied to the
conditions, each Chapter has four sections, namely :
1. Positive Conditions.
2. Negative Conditions.
3. Positive-Negative Conditions.
4. Negative-Positive Conditions.
The contents of each Chapter are divided into Questions and
Answers about these conditions.
Questions
From the short outline of the contents of Patthana given
above, it will be seen that the Text begins with the Positive
Method Division, i.e. the Positive states, and first deals with
the Faultless * Triplet, the first of the 22 Triplets of the
Dhammasariganl, and considers it under the first Chapter,
the “ Dependent ” Chapter, with reference to root condition, the
first of the Positive conditions. Questions are, therefore, asked
in this connection in the first instance.
Since the Faultless Triplet consists of Faultless,* Faulty and
Indeterminate j* states, these can be taken in seven ways and
* The reasons for translating “ kusala ” as “ faultless ” are given at the
end of this Introduction.
f This means neither faultless nor faulty.
Introduction
xv
form seven sections, namely : (i) faultless, (ii) faulty, (iii) in¬
determinate, (iv) faultless, indeterminate, (v) faulty, indeter¬
minate, (vi) faultless, faulty, and (vii) faultless, faulty, in¬
determinate. Taking each of these sections as reference,
questions are asked with respect to each of them. For example,
taking (i) faultless as reference, there are the following
questions :
Dependent on faultless state, may there arise
(1) faultless state by root condition ?
(2) faulty state by root condition ?
(3) indeterminate state by root condition ?
(4) faultless and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(5) faulty and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(6) faultless and faulty states by root condition ?
(7) faultless, faulty, and indeterminate states by root
condition ?
When the rest of the seven sections are each taken as
reference, by turns, there is a set of 7 X 7 = 49 questions for
root condition alone. For the 24 conditions taken singly,
therefore, there are 49 x 24 = 1,176 questions. From this it
can be judged that the number of questions for the whole of
Patthana must be of a very high order. According to the
Commentary, the figure is 404,948,533,248 and the Sub¬
commentary, 388,778,713,344. In the Pali Text, however, all
the questions are not included, but only those that are necessary
for illustrating the types of the questions. These are given at
the beginning of the “ Dependent ” Chapter. If all of them
were to be put into print, it would need over 3 crores of books
of 400 pages each.
In the Expositor, Vol. I, p. 16, it is stated that the rays of
six colours issued from The Buddha’s body only when, with
His Omniscience, He contemplated the limitless Patthana.
“ Now not even on a single day during the interval of twenty-
one days were rays emitted from the Teacher’s body. During
the fourth week he sat in a jewel house in the north-west
direction. The jewel house here does not mean a house made
of the seven jewels but the place where he contemplated the
seven books. And while he contemplated the contents of the
XVI
Conditional Relations
Dhammasariganl, his body did not emit rays : and similarly
with the contemplation of the next five books. But when,
coming to the Great Book (Patthana), he began to contemplate
the twenty-four causal relations of condition, of presentation,
and so on, his omniscience certainly found its opportunity
therein. For as the great fish Timiratipingala finds room only
in the great ocean eighty-four thousand yojanas in depth, so
his omniscience truly finds room only in the Great Book. Rays
of six colours—indigo, golden, red, white, tawny, and dazzling—
issued from the Teacher’s body, as he was contemplating the
subtle and abstruse Law by his omniscience which had found
such opportunity.”
Answers
After all the possible questions were indicated, the answers
are provided. Since every question does not provide an
answer, the total number of answers is less than that of the
questions. Here also, the order of exposition of the answers is
the same as that for the questions. So it begins with the
Positive Method Division where the Faultless Triplet is dealt
with under the “ Dependent ” Chapter. This is divided into
two sub-chapters :
(i) Classification (vibhariga), where the states in the answers
given are classified.
(ii) Enumeration (sankhya), where the numbers of the
answers to the sets of questions are provided.
A. Positive Method Division
i. Faultless Triplet : I. “ Dependent ” Chapter
i. Positive Conditions (i) Classification Chapter
The Classification Chapter starts with positive root condi¬
tion, the first of the 23 conditions which are applicable to the
Faultless Triplet. Here there are only five possible sections out
of the seven, i.e. (1) Faultless, (2) Faulty, (3) Indeterminate,
(4) Faultless, Indeterminate, and (5) Faulty, Indeterminate
(the remaining two sections (6) Faultless, Faulty, and (7) Fault¬
less, Faulty, Indeterminate, are not possible because these
states never arise together).
Introduction xvii
With (i) Faultless section as reference, the three answers
with respect to it are (i) (Faultless-Faultless), (ii) (Faultless-
Indeterminate), and (iii) (Faultless-Faultless, Indeterminate).
The answer for (i) is given in the Text as :
(i) “ Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
root condition.”
The faultless states in this answer are then classified under
the aggregates and given after the answer as :
“ Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three (faultless)
aggregates ; dependent on three (faultless) aggregates, arises
one (faultless) aggregate ; dependent on two (faultless) aggre¬
gates, arise two (faultless) aggregates.”
With (2) Faulty section as reference, there are three similar
answers, i.e. (iv) (Faulty-Faulty), (v) (Faulty-Indeterminate),
and (vi) (Faulty-Faulty, Indeterminate).
With (3) Indeterminate section as reference, there is only
one answer, (vii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate).
With (4) Faultless, Indeterminate section as reference, there
is one answer, (viii) (Faultless, Indeterminate-Indeterminate),
and
With (5) Faulty, Indeterminate section as reference, there is
also a similar answer, (ix) (Faulty, Indeterminate-Indeter¬
minate). (The Text may be referred to for all these answers
and the classifications of the states in them.)
Therefore, for the set of 49 questions with root condition in
the Dependent Chapter of the Faultless Triplet there are only
nine answers. Thus the enumeration, the number of answers,
is nine in this case and this is given in the Enumeration Chapter.
The Method of Determining the Answers in the Classification
Chapter
The Text gives the answers in the Classification Chapter for
the conditions taken singly but not for the conditions taken
“ By Twos ”, “ By Threes ”, etc. For these only the numbers
of answers are provided in the Enumeration Chapter. There¬
fore, to know what those answers are, it is necessary to know
the method of arriving at the answers in the Classification
B
xviii Conditional Relations
Chapter. The method will be illustrated with the example
of root condition above to show how the nine answers are
obtained.
The following information is provided as it is essential for
the proper understanding of the method and its application to
the first six Chapters :
(a) The Conditioning and Conditioned States of the Conditions
must be known.
These can be obtained from the relations given in the
Analytical Exposition at the beginning of the Text. In the first
six Chapters, namely: Dependent, Conascent, Conditioned,
Supported, Conjoined and Associated, the conditioning and
conditioned states of conascence condition are dealt with in the
Dependent and Conascent Chapters ; those of dependence
condition in the Conditioned and Supported Chapters, and
those of association condition in the Conjoined and Associated
Chapters. Since root condition of Dependent Chapter is taken
as the example, the conditioning and conditioned states of
conascence condition must first be known. These are :
Conditioning states
Conditioned states
89 consciousnesses
89 consciousnesses
52 mental factors
52 mental factors
4 great primaries
28 matter
heart-base
Details of these analytical units and their divisions into the
three sections, (i) faultless, (2) faulty, (3) indeterminate states
of the Faultless Triplet are given in the Compendium of
Philosophy.
It will be found that:
(1) The faultless states are 21 faultless consciousnesses and
38 associated mental factors.
(2) The faulty states are 12 faulty consciousnesses and 27
associated mental factors.
(3) The indeterminate states are 36 resultant consciousnesses,
20 functional consciousnesses, 38 associated mental factors, 28
matter and Nibbana.
Note .—In Patthana seven kinds of matter are considered.
Introduction
xix
They are (i) mind-produced matter, (2) rebirth kamma-pro-
duced matter, (3) external matter, (4) nutriment-produced
matter, (5) temperature-produced matter, (6) non-percipient
beings’ kamma-produced matter, (7) during life kamma-
produced matter.
(b) The Conditioned States are given Prominence in the Six
Chapters.
The conditioned states of root condition, object condition,
etc., which are also those of conascence condition, are selected
and the conditioning states which are conascent with those
conditioned states are found. It is from these conditioning and
conditioned states that the answers, the classifications of the
states in the answers and the enumerations are obtained. This
applies to the conditions dealt with in the Dependent and
Conascent Chapters. Similar procedures with the conditioned
states of the conditions are adopted in the other Chapters
where examples are also given.
(c) Postnascence Condition is Excluded in the Six Chapters.
Postnascence condition does not possess the force of pro¬
duction but only that of support. But since in the six Chapters
it is the former that is dealt with, this condition is excluded.
So only 23 out of the 24 conditions are considered.
Illustration of the Method
1. The totals of the conditioning and conditioned states of
conascence condition, as tabulated above, are found out from
the relations given for this condition in the Analytical Exposi¬
tion. There it is stated that :
(i) The four immaterial (i.e. mental) aggregates are mutually
related to one another by conascence condition.
Here the four mental aggregates are both conditioning and
conditioned states. This means that if one of the four mental
aggregates is the conditioning state, the remaining three
aggregates are the conditioned states ; if three of the four
mental aggregates are the conditioning states, then the
remaining one is the conditioned state ; if two of the four
mental aggregates are the conditioning states, then the
remaining two are the conditioned states.
The four mental aggregates, which are 89 consciousnesses
XX
Conditional Relations
and 52 mental factors, are classified, as shown above, under,
the faultless, faulty, resultant indeterminate, and functional
indeterminate aggregates. Therefore, when the conditioning
states are either one of these classes, the conditioned states
must be of the same class.
(ii) The four great primaries are mutually related to one
another by conascence condition.
Here the four great primaries are both the conditioning and
conditioned states, i.e. if one of them is the conditioning state,
then the remaining three are the conditioned states ; if three
of them are the conditioning states, then the remaining one is
the conditioned state ; if two of them are the conditioning
states, then the remaining two are the conditioned states.
As pointed out above, the four great primaries of the seven
kinds of matter are to be taken, i.e. those of mind-produced
matter, rebirth kamma-produced matter, external matter,
nutriment-produced matter, temperature-produced matter,
non-percipient beings’ kamma-produced matter and during life
kamma-produced matter.
(iii) At the moment of conception, mentality and materiality
are mutually related to one another by conascence condition.
Here the mental aggregates at the moment of conception,
i.e. 15 rebirth consciousnesses and 35 mental factors, and heart-
base are both conditioning and conditioned states in the five-
aggregate existences. This means that when the mental
aggregates are the conditioning states, heart-base is the
conditioned state and vice versa.
(iv) States, consciousness and mental factors, are related to
mind-produced matter by conascence condition.
Here the mentality which produces matter, i.e. 75 conscious¬
nesses (exclusive of four immaterial resultant consciousnesses,
twice five-fold consciousnesses and Arahatta’s death-conscious-
ness in the five-aggregate existences) and 52 mental factors
are the conditioning states and mind-produced matter is the
conditioned state.
(v) The great primaries are related to derived matter by
conascence condition.
Of the 28 matter which form the seven kinds of matter, the
Introduction
xxi
four great primaries are the conditioning states and the
remaining 24 derived-matter are the conditioned states.
(vi) The material states are sometimes related to the im¬
material states by conascence condition and are sometimes not
related by conascence condition.
This merely stresses the fact in (iii) above that heart-base is
the conditioning state and rebirth mental aggregates are the
conditioned states at the moment of conception but not during
life.
When all the conditioning and conditioned states are grouped
together, they are found to be : —
Conditioning states
Conditioned states
(1) 89 cons., 52 mental factors com¬
prising
(a) 21 faultless cons, and 38 associ¬
ated mental factors.
(b) 12 faulty cons, and 27 associ¬
ated mental factors.
(c) 36 resultant indeterminate
cons, and 38 associated mental
factors.
{d) 20 functional indeterminate
cons, and 35 associated mental
factors.
(1) 89 cons., 52 mental factors com¬
prising
(а) 21 faultless cons, and 38 associ¬
ated mental factors.
(б) 12 faulty cons, and 27 associ¬
ated mental factors.
( c) 36 resultant indeterminate
cons, and 38 associated mental
factors.
( d ) 20 functional indeterminate
cons, and 35 associated mental
factors.
(2) 4 great primaries of
(i) mind-produced matter,
(ii) rebirth kamma-produced
matter,
(iii) external matter,
(iv) nutriment-produced matter,
(v) temperature-produced matter,
(vi) non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced matter,
(vii) during life kamma-produced
matter,
(2) 28 matter of
(i) mind-produced matter,
(ii) rebirth kamma-produced
matter,
(iii) external matter,
(iv) nutriment-produced matter,
(v) temperature-produced matter,
(vi) non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced matter,
(vii) during life kamma-produced
matter.
(3) heart-base.
2. The conditioned states of root condition are found out
from the relation for this condition given in the Analytical
Exposition. It is stated there that the roots are related to the
states associated with roots, and the matter produced thereby,
by root condition. Therefore the conditioned states are :—
(1) States associated with roots. These are 71 rooted
Conditional Relations
xxn
consciousnesses and 52 mental factors excluding delusion from
the two delusion-rooted consciousnesses as it is not associated
with any root. They comprise :
(a) 21 faultless consciousnesses and 38 associated mental
factors;
(b) 12 faulty consciousnesses and 27 associated mental
factors ;
(c) 21 resultant indeterminate consciousnesses and 38
associated mental factors ;
(d) 17 functional indeterminate consciousnesses and 35
associated mental factors.
(2) The matter produced thereby. These are :
(а) rooted mind-produced matter. This is produced by the
rooted mentality during life ;
(б) rooted rebirth kamma-produced matter. This is pro¬
duced by the rooted rebirth mentality at the moment
of conception.
(3) The conditioned states of root condition which are also
those of conascence condition are found. Or, what amounts to
the same thing, the conditioned states of conascence condition
are examined and those which are also of root condition are
selected. It should be noted that the conditioned states of
conascence condition consist of all the ultimate realities and,
therefore, the conditioned states of root and all the other
conditions are always those of conascence condition. Thus the
above conditioned states of root condition are also those of
conascence condition.
(4) The conditioning states which are conascent with the
conditioned states of root condition have to be found. It has
to be remembered that conascence condition is under con¬
sideration in the Dependent Chapter and, therefore, only the
conditioning and conditioned states of this condition have to
be dealt with. In this example with root condition, the question
whether, dependent on a conditioning state, a conditioned state
of root condition can arise or not, can only be answered by
knowing the conditioning states which are conascent with the
conditioned states of root condition. On referring to the con¬
ditioning and conditioned states of conascence condition and
Introduction xxiii
the conditioned states of root condition given above, it will be
found that the conditioning states which are conascent with
the conditioned states of root condition are :
(1) 71 rooted consciousnesses, 52 mental factors (as the four
mental aggregates they are mutually related to one
another) ;
(2) rooted mind-produced great primaries (the great prim¬
aries are mutually related to one another and also
related to derived matter) ;
(3) rooted rebirth kamma-produced great primaries (the
same reason as (2) above) ;
(4) heart-base (at the moment of conception it is related to
the four mental aggregates that arise at that time and
which are included in (1) above).
All the data needed for arriving at the answers, the classifica¬
tions of the states involved in the answers and the enumeration
of the answers are now available. These are the conascent
conditioning and conditioned states of root condition and they
are tabulated below:
Conditioning states
Conditioned states
(1) 71 rooted cons., 52 m.f. comprising
(а) 21 faultless cons., 38 assoc, m.f.
(б) 12 faulty cons., 27 assoc, m.f.
(e) 21 rooted resultant indetermin¬
ate cons., 38 assoc, m.f.
(d) 17 rooted functional indeter¬
minate cons., 35 assoc, m.f.
(1) 71 rooted cons., 52 m.f. comprising
(a) 21 faultless cons., 38 assoc, m.f.
(b) 12 faulty consc., 27 assoc, m.f.
(c) 21 rooted resultant indetermin¬
ate cons., 38 assoc, m.f.
( d) 17 rooted functional indeter¬
minate cons., 35 assoc, m.f.
(2) rooted mind-produced (4) great
primaries (indeterminate).
(2) rooted mind-produced matter (in¬
determinate).
(3) rooted rebirth kamma-produced
(4) great primaries (indetermin¬
ate).
(3) rooted rebirth kamma-produced
matter (indeterminate).
(4) heart-base (indeterminate).
Note. Matter consists of the four great
primaries and derived matter as the
rest.
Abbreviations, cons. = consciousnesses ; m.f. = mental factors ; assoc. =
associated.
XXIV
Conditional Relations
On examination of the table it is seen that :
(i) With the faultless states, 21 faultless consciousnesses and
38 associated mental factors, taken as reference, these states
are found on both sides as conditioning and conditioned states.
Since they are conascent states, there is the answer (i) (Fault¬
less-Faultless). This is given in the Text as " Dependent on
faultless state (as the conditioning state), arises faultless state
(as the conditioned state) by root condition ”.
Now the above states can be classified under the four mental
aggregates, namely : feeling, perception, mental formation and
consciousness aggregates. And if one of these four aggregates,
on the side of conditioning states, is the conditioning state,
then the remaining three aggregates, on the side of conditioned
states, which are conascent arise as the conditioned states.
Similarly, if three of them are the conditioning states, then the
remaining one which is conascent arises as the conditioned
state ; if two of them are the conditioning states, then the
remaining two which are conascent arise as the conditioned
states. So the classified answer as given in the Text is :
“ Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three (faultless)
aggregates ; dependent on three (faultless) aggregates, arises
one (faultless) aggregate ; dependent on two (faultless) aggre¬
gates, arise two (faultless) aggregates.”
Again, the faultless states on the L.H.S. as the conditioning
states are conascent with rooted mind-produced matter (in¬
determinate) on the R.H.S. as the conditioned state. So there
is the answer (ii) (Faultless-Indeterminate). This is given in
the Text as :
“ Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state by
root condition.” The states are classified and the classified
answer which follows is given as :
" Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.”
Note .—The word “ rooted ” before mind-produced matter is
left out because the faultless aggregates which produce this
matter are always associated with roots.
I introduction
xxv
Also the faultless states on the L.H.S. as the conditioning
states are conascent with the faultless states and mind-pro¬
duced matter (indeterminate) on the R.H.S. as the conditioned
states. It is a combination of (i) and (ii) above. This gives
the answer (iii) (Faultless-Faultless, Indeterminate) and is
found in the Text as :
“ Dependent on faultless state, arise faultless and indeter¬
minate states by root condition.” The classified answer that
follows is :
“ Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates and mind-produced matter; dependent on three
aggregates, arise one aggregate and mind : produced matter ;
dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-
produced matter.”
No other answers are possible with Faultless states alone as
reference.
(2) With the faulty states, 12 faulty consciousnesses and 27
associated mental factors, taken as reference, three similar
answers as for the faultless states are obtained, i.e. (iv) (Faulty-
Faulty), (v) (Faulty-Indeterminate) and (vi) (Faulty-Faulty,
Indeterminate).
(3) With the indeterminate states taken as reference, those
that arise during life are first taken. These are 21 rooted
resultant indeterminate consciousnesses and 38 associated
mental factors and 17 rooted functional indeterminate con¬
sciousnesses and 35 associated mental factors. These on the
L.H.S. as the conditioning states are conascent with the same
resultant and functional consciousnesses respectively and mind-
produced matter on the R.H.S. as the conditioned states. So
there is the answer (vii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate). In
the Text it is stated as :
“ Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by root condition.” And the classified answer is :
“ Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and mind-produced matter; dependent on two
XXVI
Conditional Relations
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter.”
Then the indeterminate states that arise at the moment of
conception are 17 rooted rebirth consciousnesses and 35
associated mental factors which are included in the 21 resultant
indeterminate consciousnesses and the 38 associated mental
factors. These states on the L.H.S. as the conditioning states
are conascent with (a) the same states and rooted rebirth
kamma-produced matter, ( b) heart-base on the R.H.S. as the
conditioned states. Also heart-base (at the moment of con¬
ception) on the L.H.S. as the conditioning state is conascent
with the rooted rebirth consciousnesses and associated mental
factors (which are included in the 21 resultant indeterminate
consciousnesses and 38 associated mental factors) on the R.H.S.
as the conditioned states. So there is the same answer (vii)
(Indeterminate-Indeterminate) and the classified answer given
in the Text is :
“ At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and kamma-produced matter ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced matter ;
dependent on aggregates, arises heart-base ; dependent on
heart-base, arise aggregates.”
Note .—“ rooted rebirth ” is left out as it is understood as
such since the matter is produced by rooted mentality at the
moment of conception.
Again, considering indeterminate matter, i.e. rooted mind-
produced matter and rooted rebirth kamma-produced matter,
it will be found that the great primaries are on both sides as
conditioning and conditioned states. Since they are mutually
related, if one of the four great primaries on the L.H.S. is the
conditioning state, then the remaining three on the R.H.S. are
the conditioned states ; if three of them on the L.H.S. are the
conditioning states, then the remaining one on the R.H.S. is
the conditioned state ; if two of them on the L.H.S. are the
conditioning states, then the remaining two on the R.H.S. are
the conditioned states. Also, the four great primaries of mind-
produced and kamma-produced matter on the L.H.S. as the
conditioning states are conascent with the derived matter
Introduction xxvii
respectively on the R.H.S. as the conditioned states. Thus
there is the same answer (vii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate).
And the classified answer given in the Text is :
“ Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prim¬
aries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on (four) great primaries, arise mind-
produced and kamma-produced derived matter.”
(4) With the faultless, indeterminate as reference, the states
are the faultless states and rooted mind-produced great
primaries. These on the L.H.S. as the conditioning states are
conascent with rooted mind-produced matter on the R.H.S. as
the conditioned state. This gives the answer (viii) (Faultless,
Indeterminate-Indeterminate) which is found in the Text as :
“ Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by root condition ” and classified as :
“ Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries,
arises mind-produced matter.”
(5) With the faulty, indeterminate as reference, the faulty
states and rooted mind-produced great primaries are taken and,
similar to (viii) above, the answer (ix) (Faulty, Indeterminate-
Indeterminate) is obtained and classified.
Thus there are only nine answers to the 49 questions with
root condition in the Dependent Chapter of the Faultless
Triplet. This is given in the Enumeration Chapter as “ With
root condition (there are) 9 (answers) ”.
Another Example with Object Condition
There is no need to go into details with this example as
they have been given with root condition above.
1. The conditioning and conditioned states of conascence
condition have been found.
2. The conditioned states of object condition are found out
from the relations for this condition given in the Analytical
Exposition. In this case they are 89 consciousnesses and 52
mental factors, all materiality being excluded.
3. These conditioned states of object condition are also
those of conascence condition.
XXV 111
Conditional Relations
4. The conditioning states which are conascent with the
conditioned states of object condition have to be found. The
conditioning states of 89 consciousnesses and 52 mental factors
(which are the conditioned states of object condition) are 89
consciousnesses, 52 mental factors and heart-base (at the mo¬
ment of conception).
The conascent conditioning and conditioned states of object
condition are tabulated below :—
Conditioning states
Conditioned states
(1) 89 cons., 52 m.f.
(2) heart-base (at the moment
of conception)
(1) 89 cons., 52 m.f.
When the appropriate states are chosen to get the answers, as
was shown in the case of root condition, it will be seen that
there are only three answers (i) (Faultless-Faultless), (ii)
(Faulty-Faulty), and (iii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate) to the
49 questions. The classified answers that are obtained are
also given in the Classification Chapter and the enumeration,
“ With object 3 ”, in the Enumeration Chapter.
The method, illustrated with the examples of root and object
conditions, is applied to the other conditions to determine the
conascent conditioning and conditioned states of each con¬
dition and to select the appropriate states for obtaining the
answers given in the Classification Chapter and the enumera¬
tions in the Enumeration Chapter.
When the conditions are taken “ By Twos ”, “ By Threes ”,
” By Fours ”, etc., the conascent conditioning and conditioned
states of each of the conditions under consideration have to be
examined to find out those which are common to those con¬
ditions and then the appropriate states from the common
conditioning and conditioned states are selected to arrive at the
answers, the classifications of the states in those answers and
the enumerations. As mentioned earlier, there are no Classifi¬
cation Chapters for them but only the Enumeration Chapters.
Note .—The most difficult portions of Patthana are the Enume¬
ration Chapters where only figures denoting the numbers of the
Introduction
xxix
answers are provided. Therefore, concise methods for deter¬
mining how these figures are arrived at in the Enumeration
Chapters of the seven Chapters are given in the appropriate
places in this Introduction. And when they are applied the
enumerations can be worked out and this difficult portion
understood. The Abhidhamma Teaching is, indeed, difficult and
so the Buddha always provided methods wherever necessary.
It was because Nagasena knew these methods and applied them
that he could show his prowess in the Abhidhamma to the
Arahats. This is stated in the Milinda-panha, p. 22, thus :
“ Then Nagasena went to the innumerable company of the
Arahats and said, ‘ I should like to expound the whole of the
Abhidhamma Pitaka, without abridgement, arranging it under
three heads, good, bad and indifferent qualities.’ And they
gave him leave. And in seven months the Venerable Nagasena
recited the seven books of Abhidhamma in full.”
1. Positive Conditions (ii) Enumeration Chapter
After the Classification Chapter under the Dependent Chapter
of the Faultless Triplet comes the Enumeration Chapter. It is
divided into {a) Enumerations " By Ones ” (Single) where the
numbers of answers are given when the conditions are taken
singly and ( b) Enumerations " By Twos ”, "By Threes ”,
etc., where the numbers of answers are given when the con¬
ditions are taken by twos, by threes and so on.
(a) In this case of Single Enumerations, the method of
obtaining them was illustrated with the examples of root and
object conditions. The Text states these as " With root (there
are) 9 (answers), with object (there are) 3 (answers) ” and so
on. The figures can also be obtained by totalling the answers
which are given in the Classification Chapter for the single
conditions.
(b) In the case of the Enumerations " By Twos ”, " By
Threes ”, etc., the enumerations of root, object and the other
conditions taken together by twos, by threes, etc., are provided.
There are 23 of each of them. Root condition is first dealt
with in the " By Twos ” and there are 22 of them. Here root
condition is taken as the reference with object and each of the
other conditions as the variant. An example with root and
XXX
Conditional Relations
object conditions taken together, to illustrate the method of
determining the enumeration, is worked out below. In this
Dependent Chapter the conascent conditioning and con¬
ditioned states of the two conditions, which were found out in
determining the single enumerations, have to be examined to
find out those that are common to them. Then the appropriate
states of the common conditioning and conditioned states are
selected to arrive at the enumeration.
The conascent conditioning and conditioned states of root
and object conditions have been found above and may be
referred to. For ready reference Chart I is provided. On com¬
parison of the conditioning states it will be seen that with
respect to :—
(1) the mental states, root condition has a lesser number and
therefore the mental states of that condition are the common
conditioning states,
(2) the material states, only heart-base is common to both.
Thus the common conditioning states of root and object
conditions are 71 rooted consciousnesses, 52 mental factors and
heart-base.
When the conditioned states are compared it will be seen
that with respect to :—
(1) the mental states, root condition has a lesser number and
therefore the mental states of that condition are the common
conditioned states,
(2) the material states, there is no common state.
Thus the common conditioned states of root and object con¬
ditions are 71 rooted consciousnesses and 52 mental factors
exclusive of delusion from the two delusion-rooted conscious¬
nesses.
The common conditioning and conditioned states are tabu¬
lated below:—
Common conditioning states
Common conditioned states
(1) 71 rooted cons., 52 mental factors.
(2) heart-base.
(1) 71 rooted cons., 52 mental factors
excluding delusion from the 2
delusion-rooted cons.
I ntroduction
xxxi
CHART I
Conascent Conditioning and Conditioned States
Conditioning States
Conditioned States
71 rooted cons., 52 m.f. (which
are the 4 rooted mental aggre¬
gates during life and at the
moment of conception),
rooted mind-produced great pri¬
maries,
rooted rebirth kamma-produced
great primaries,
heart-base (at the moment of
conception).
71 rooted cons., 52 m.f. excluding
delusion from the 2 delusion-
rooted cons, (which are the 4
rooted mental aggs. during life
and at the moment of concep¬
tion),
rooted mind-produced matter,
rooted rebirth kamma-produced
matter.
89 cons., 52 m.f. (which are the 4
mental aggs. during life and at
the moment of conception),
heart-base at the moment of
conception.
89 cons., 52 m.f. (which are the 4
mental aggs. during life and at
the moment of conception).
2 delusion-rooted cons., 18 root¬
less cons., 12 m.f. (4 mental
aggs. during life and at the
moment of conception),
rootless mind-produced gr. pr.,
rootless rebirth kamma-pro¬
duced gr. pr.,
external gr. pr.,
nutriment-produced gr. pr.,
temperature-produced gr. pr.,
non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced gr. pr.,
during life kamma-produced gr.
pr.,
heart-base (at the moment of
rootless conception).
delusion from the 2 delusion-
rooted cons., 18 rootless cons.,
12 m.f. (4 mental aggs. during
life and at the moment of con¬
ception),
rootless mind-produced matter,
rootless rebirth kamma-produced
matter,
external matter,
nutriment-produced matter,
temperature-produced matter,
non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced matter,
during life kamma-produced
matter.
75 cons, exclusive of 4 im¬
material resultants, twice five¬
fold cons, and Arahatta’s
death-cons., 52 m.f. (4 mental
aggs. during life and at the
moment of conception in 5-
agg. existences),
mind-produced great primaries,
rebirth kamma-produced gr. pr.,
external gr. pr.,
nutriment-produced gr. pr.,
temperature-produced gr. pr.,
non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced gr. pr.,
during life kamma-produced gr.
pr.
mind-produced matter,
rebirth kamma-produced matter,
external matter,
nutriment-produced matter,
temperature-produced matter,
non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced matter,
during life kamma-produced
matter.
XXX11
Conditional Relations
When the appropriate states are selected for the answers, it
is found that the three answers are (i) (Faultless-Faultless),
(ii) (Faulty-Faulty), and (iii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate).
This is why the Text states “ With root condition and object
(there are) 3 (answers).” Then the states in the answers
can be classified and the classified answers obtained although
they are not provided in the Text.
With root condition as reference, the common conditioning
and conditioned states with the other conditions taking them
by twos, by threes, etc., for 22 conditions have to be determined.
This has to be done with each of the 23 conditions as reference.
Note .—If repetition condition is the reference and resultant
condition is the variant, there is no answer because there are
no common states between them. The reverse also applies.
This is indicated in the Text as “ With repetition condition and
resultant nil ” and " With resultant condition and repetition
nil ”. These are given in brackets under Repetition and Resul¬
tant respectively. Therefore, with root condition as reference
in “ By Twelves ” up to “ By Twenty-Two ” where repetition
is included, resultant is left out. And in “ By thirteens ” up to
“ By Twenty-two ” where resultant is included, repetition is
left out. So although it was stated that 23 conditions are con¬
sidered in this Dependent Chapter, only 22 conditions can be
dealt with here.
All the enumerations are not included in the Text. Even in
the case where the “ By Twos ” are given, and of which each
of the 23 conditions has 22 items, it will be seen that there are
many elisions. So the Text, as placed before the Synod, is
abbreviated to a great extent. But if the reader knows the
conditioning and conditioned states of the conditions in the Single
Enumerations and applies the method given above, the elisions
can be found out. It will then be observed that one of the
reasons for these elisions is that they have the same enumera¬
tions. And only when the answers can be worked out to find
all the enumerations will Patthana be appreciated.
2. Negative Conditions (i) Classification Chapter
The Negative conditions are dealt with after the Positive
conditions. Here also there are two sub-chapters, the Classi-
Introduction
xxxiii
fication followed by the Enumeration. Not-root condition is the
first negative condition that is considered. This is taken as the
example to show how the answers and the classifications of
the states in them are determined.
The Method .—The method is similar to that for the Positive
conditions. The conditioned states of the Negative conditions
have to be taken and the conascent conditioning states have
to be found. Then from the appropriate conditioning and
conditioned states, the answers are obtained.
Conditioned states of not-root condition. In the first six
Chapters the conditioned states of the negative conditions are
the non-conditioned states which, as defined, are the remainder
of the conditioned states of the positive conditions. In the case
of root condition the non-conditioned states are those that
remain after the conditioned states of that condition are deducted
from the possible conditioned states of the positive conditions.
The possible conditioned states and the conditioned states of
root condition are as follows:—
Possible conditioned states
Conditioned states of root condition
89 cons, and 52 mental factors which
are taken appropriately for each
cons.
71 rooted cons, and 52 mental factors
which are taken appropriately for
each cons, (rooted mentality) but
excluding delusion from the 2 delu¬
sion-rooted cons.
28 matter of
mind-produced matter,
rebirth kamma-produced matter,
external matter,
nutriment-produced matter,
temperature-produced matter,
non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced matter,
during life kamma-produced
matter.
rooted mind-produced matter,
rooted rebirth kamma-produced
matter.
Therefore, the non-conditioned states of root condition are—
(1) delusion from the two delusion-rooted consciousnesses,
(2) 18 rootless consciousnesses and the 12 mental factors
c
XXXIV
Conditional Relations
which are taken appropriately for each consciousness (rootless
mentality),
(3) rootless mind-produced matter,
(4) rootless rebirth kamma-produced matter,
(5) external matter,
(6) nutriment-produced matter,
(7) temperature-produced matter,
(8) non-percipient beings’ kamma-produced matter,
(9) during life kamma-produced matter.
These are the conditioned states which are not of root
condition, i.e. they are the conditioned states of not-root
condition.
Conditioning states of not-root condition. The conditioning
states which are conascent with the above conditioned states
have to be found out since conascence condition is here con¬
sidered. They are, respectively:—
(1) two delusion-rooted consciousnesses (faulty),
(2) 18 rootless consciousnesses and the 12 mental factors
which are taken appropriately for each consciousness (indeter¬
minate) ,
(3) rootless mind-produced great primaries (indeterminate),
(4) rootless rebirth kamma-produced great primaries (indeter¬
minate) ,
(5) external great primaries (indeterminate),
(6) nutriment-produced great primaries (indeterminate),
(7) temperature-produced great primaries (indeterminate),
(8) non-percipient beings’ kamma-produced great primaries
(indeterminate),
(9) during life kamma-produced great primaries (indeter¬
minate),
(10) heart-base (indeterminate).
The conditioning and conditioned states of not-root condition
are tabulated in Chart I.
On examination of the conditioning states, it is found that
only the faulty and indeterminate sections can be taken as
references since faultless states are not included. By taking the
appropriate conascent conditioning and conditioned states to
get the answers, it will be found that only 2 are possible
Introduction
XXXV
(i) (Faulty-Faulty) and (ii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate).
This is why it is stated in the Text as:—
“ Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by not-root
condition. ”
This is classified as :—
“ Dependent on doubt-accompanied or restlessness-accom¬
panied aggregates (which are the two delusion-rooted conscious¬
nesses and their associated mental factors), arises doubt-accom¬
panied or restlessness-accompanied delusion.” The Text may be
referred to for the rest.
Another example with not-object condition. The conditioned
states of object condition are 89 consciousnesses and the 52
mental factors taken appropriately for each consciousness.
The non-conditioned states of object condition are those that
remain out of the possible conditioned states of the positive
conditions which are given above. They are the seven kinds of
matter (i.e. all materiality). The conascent conditioning states
are, therefore, 75 consciousnesses (the four immaterial resul¬
tant consciousnesses, the twice fivefold consciousnesses and the
Arahatta’s death-consciousness are excluded as they either do
not produce materiality or arise together with materiality) and
the 52 mental factors taken appropriately for each consciousness
and also the great primaries of the seven kinds of matter. These
conditioning and conditioned states of not-object condition are
tabulated in Chart I. With them there are five answers (i)
(Faultless-Indeterminate), (ii) (Faulty-Indeterminate), (iii)
(Indeterminate-Indeterminate), (iv) (Faultless, Indeterminate-
Indeterminate), and (v) (Faulty, Indeterminate-Indeterminate).
The classified answers are given in the Text.
The rest of the 20 conditions are also dealt with in the
Classification Chapter.
Why only 20 conditions are involved. In the Positive con¬
ditions, the conditioned states of each of the four conditions,
conascence, dependence, presence and non-disappearance are
89 consciousnesses and the 52 mental factors taken appro¬
priately for each consciousness and 28 matter of the seven
kinds of matter, i.e. all the possible conditioned states of the
positive conditions. Thus there are no non-conditioned states
of these conditions. In other words, there are no conditioned
XXXVI
Conditional Relations
states of not-conascence, not-dependence, not-presence and
not-non-disappearance. So these four negative conditions out
of the 24 are not included here. It should be noted that Nibbana,
the only other ultimate reality, is unconditioned and is there¬
fore not taken into account in the first six Chapters.
2. Negative Conditions (ii) Enumeration Chapter
This Enumeration Chapter is also divided into [a) Single
Enumerations or Enumerations “ By Ones ” and ( b ) Enu¬
merations “ By Twos ”, " By Threes ”, etc.
(a) The 20 conditions are dealt with starting with not-root
condition and then not-object condition, etc., in serial order.
The method of obtaining them was illustrated with the examples
of not-root and not-object conditions. The Text states these
as “ With not-root (there are) 2 (answers), with not-object
(there are) 5 (answers) ” and so on. As in the case of the
Positive conditions, the figures can also be obtained by totalling
the answers which are given in the Classification Chapter for
the single conditions.
(b) Next comes the enumerations ” By Twos ”, " By Threes ”,
etc., totalling 19 for each of the 20 conditions. It starts with
“ By Twos ” of not-root condition and there are 19 items. Here
not-root condition is taken as the reference with not-object and
the other negative conditions as the variant. An example
with not-root and not-object conditions taken together, to
illustrate the method of determining the enumeration, is
worked out below.
The Method. The method is similar to that for the “ By
Twos ” of the Positive conditions illustrated above. The
conascent conditioning and conditioned states of the negative
conditions, which were found in determining the single enu¬
merations, have to be examined to find out those that are
common to them. Then the appropriate states of the common
conditioning and conditioned states are selected to arrive at
the enumeration.
Illustration of the Method. The conascent conditioning and
conditioned states of not-root and not-object conditions have
been found from the examples worked out above and these are
tabulated in Chart I. On comparison, it will be found that the
Introduction
xxxvii
common conditioning and conditioned states of these two
negative conditions are:—
Common conditioning states
(1) 8 rootless cons. (i.e. excluding twice
fivefold cons, from the 18 rootless
cons.) and 12 assoc, m.f.
(2) rootless mind-produced great
primaries.
( 3 ) rootless rebirth kamma-produced
great primaries.
( 4 ) external great primaries.
( 5 ) nutriment-produced great prim¬
aries.
(6) temperature-produced great prim¬
aries.
( 7 ) non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced great primaries.
(8) during life kamma-produced great
primaries.
Common conditioned states
(1) rootless mind-produced matter.
(2) rootless rebirth kamma-produced
matter.
( 3 ) external matter.
( 4 ) nutriment-produced matter.
( 5 ) temperature-produced matter.
(6) non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced matter.
( 7 ) during life kamma-produced
matter.
It will be seen that the states are rootless mentality and
materiality, all indeterminate states, and therefore, there is
only one answer (Indeterminate-Indeterminate). The answer
for the Classification Chapter, not given in the Text, is :—
“ Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-root and not-object conditions.
Dependent on rootless resultant indeterminate or rootless
functional indeterminate aggregates, arises rootless mind-
produced matter;
At the moment of rootless conception, dependent on resul¬
tant indeterminate aggregates, arises kamma-produced matter ;
Dependent on one great primary, arise three great primaries ;
dependent on three great primaries, arises one great primary ;
dependent on two great primaries, arise two great primaries ;
dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced and kamma-
produced derived matter ..." (the rest being the same as not-
object condition).
3. Positive-Negative Conditions (ii) Enumeration Chapter
The Positive-Negative conditions are dealt with after the
Negative conditions. In the Positive and Negative conditions
above, both the reference and variant were positive and nega¬
tive respectively. Here the reference is positive and the variant
xxxviii
Conditional Relations
is negative. The 23 conditions (postnascence condition being
excluded for the reason given above) are taken “ By Twos ",
"By Threes", etc., and so there are 22 of them. It starts
with " By Twos " with root condition as reference and there are
15 items. The first is " root condition, not-object ". This will
be taken as the example to illustrate the method of determining
the enumeration.
The Method. “ Root condition, not-object " means that the
conditioning and conditioned states are those of root condition
but are not of object condition. These states can be found by:—
(1) Taking the conascent conditioning and conditioned
states of root and object conditions and deducting those of
object condition from root condition or
(2) Taking the conascent conditioning and conditioned states
of root and not-object conditions and finding out (a) those of
not-object condition in root-condition or (b) those of root
condition in not-object condition. In either case, the common
conascent conditioning and conditioned states of root and not-
object conditions have to be found.
Once the conditioning and conditioned states of root and
not-object conditions are obtained, then the appropriate states
are selected to arrive at the enumeration.
Illustration of the Method. The conascent conditioning and
conditioned states of root and not-object conditions are tabu¬
lated in Chart I. On examination of the conditioning states it
will be seen that with respect to :—
(1) the mental states, the analytical units are as follows:—
For root condition
71 rooted cons., 52 m.f.
comprising
21 faultless cons., 38 assoc, m.f.
12 faulty cons., 27 assoc, m.f.
21 rooted resultant cons.,
38 assoc, m.f.
17 rooted functional cons.,
35 assoc, m.f.
For not-object condition
75 cons, (exclusive of 4 immaterial
resultants, twice fivefold cons, and
Arahatta’s death-cons.), 52 m.f.
comprising
21 faultless cons., 38 assoc, m.f.
12 faulty cons., 27 assoc, m.f.
5 rootless cons, (exclusive of twice
fivefold cons.), 12 assoc, m.f.
17 rooted resultant cons, (exclusive of
4 immaterial resultants and Ara¬
hatta’s death-cons.), 38 assoc, m.f.
20 functional cons., 35 assoc, m.f. (i.e.
17 rooted -f 3 rootless).
Introduction
XXXIX
From them the common mental states can be found.
(2) the material states, the common states are rooted
mind-produced great primaries and rooted rebirth kamma-
produced great primaries.
When the conditioned states are examined, it will be seen
that with respect to :—
(1) the mental states, there are no common states
(2) the material states, the common states are rooted mind-
produced matter and rooted rebirth kamma-produced matter.
Thus the common conditioning and conditioned states of root
and not-object conditions as tabulated are as follows :—
Common conditioning states
(1) 21 faultless cons., 38 assoc, m.f.
(2) 12 faulty cons., 27 assoc, m.f.
(3) 17 rooted resultant indeterminate
cons, (exclusive of 4 immaterial
resultants and Arahatta’s death-
cons.), 38 assoc, m.f.
(4) 17 rooted functional indeterminate
cons., 35 assoc, m.f.
(5) rooted mind-produced great prim¬
aries.
(6) rooted rebirth kamma-produced
great primaries.
Common conditioned states
(1) rooted mind-produced matter.
(2) rooted rebirth kamma-produced
matter.
When the appropriate states are selected to determine the
number of answers, i.e. the enumeration, it is found that :—
1. Faultless states (i) on theL.H.S. and rooted mind-produced
matter (1) on the R.H.S. are conascent and so there is the answer
(i) (Faultless-Indeterminate).
2. Faulty states (2) on the L.H.S. and rooted mind-produced
matter (1) on the R.H.S. are conascent and the answer is (ii)
(Faulty-Indeterminate).
3. Indeterminate states (3) and (4) on the L.H.S. and rooted
mind-produced matter (1) on the R.H.S. are conascent and the
answer is (iii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate).-
4. At the moment of conception, rooted rebirth resultant
states (included in (3) on the L.H.S.) and rooted rebirth kamma-
produced matter (2) on the R.H.S. are conascent and the same
answer (iii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate) is obtained.
xl
Conditional Relations
5. Great primaries (5) and (6) on the L.H.S. and great
primaries and derived matter (1) and (2) on the R.H.S. are
respectively conascent and there is the same answer (iii)
(Indeterminate-Indeterminate).
6. Faultless states (1) and great primaries (5) on the L.H.S.
and great primaries and derived matter (1) on the R.H.S. are
conascent and the answer is (iv) (Faultless, Indeterminate-
Indeterminate).
7. Taking Faulty states (2) instead of Faultless states in the
above the answer is (v) (Faulty, Indeterminate-Indeterminate).
These are the five answers possible and the enumeration is
5. The Text states this as “ With root condition, not-object
(there are) 5 (answers).” There is no Classification Chapter
but the classified answers can be obtained from the above
conditioning and conditioned states that were selected to get
the answers.
All the enumerations of “ By Twos ”, “ By Threes ” and so
on up to “ By Twenty-Threes ” are not given in the Text. The
elisions can be found out, however, by application of the method
to the conditioning and conditioned states of the conditions
concerned.
4. Negative : Positive Conditions (ii) Enumeration Chapter
Finally, the Negative-Positive conditions are considered in
this Dependent Chapter. Here the reference is negative and the
variant is positive. As in the case of the Negative conditions,
only 20 conditions are involved as reference since, as pointed
out before, there are no conditioned states of not-conascence,
not-dependence, not-presence and not-non-disappearance con¬
ditions. The 20 conditions are taken “ By Twos ”, “ By Threes ”
and so on up to “ By Twenty-ones ” and so there are 20 of
them. It starts with “ By Twos ” with not-root condition as
reference and there are 21 items. The first is “ not-root con¬
dition, object ”. This will be taken as the example to illustrate
the method of determining the enumeration.
The Method. “ Not-root condition, object ” means that the
conditioning and conditioned states are those of object con¬
dition but are not of root condition. These states can be found
I ntroduction
xli
out by taking the common conascent conditioning and con¬
ditioned states of not-root and object conditions as shown in
the Positive-Negative conditions above. Then the appropriate
states are selected to arrive at the enumeration.
Illustration of the Method. The conascent conditioning and
conditioned states of not-root and object conditions as found
are tabulated in Chart I. On examination it will be seen that
with respect to :—
(1) the mental states, not-root condition has the lesser
number of conditioning and conditioned states and the common
states are those of this condition.
(2) the material states, heart-base is the common con¬
ditioning state and there is no common conditioned state.
The common conditioning and conditioned states of not-root
and object conditions are therefore :—
Common conditioning states
Common conditioned states
(1) 2 delusion-rooted cons.
(1) delusion from the 2 delusion-
rooted cons.
(2) 18 rootless cons., 12 assoc, m.f.
(3) heart-base.
(2) 18 rootless cons., 12 assoc, m.f.
These are the states of not-root condition in the Negative
conditions except that the seven kinds of matter are excluded.
And as briefly explained there, only two answers are possible,
i.e. (i) (Faulty-Faulty) and (ii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate).
The same method is applied for the rest of the “ By Twos "
and also for the “ By Threes ", “ By Fours ", etc., to determine
the enumerations. There is no Classification Chapter but the
classified answers can be obtained from the common con¬
ditioning and conditioned states that had been selected to
find the answers.
Summary of Dependent Chapter. Conascence condition,
which is considered in this Chapter, must be thoroughly under¬
stood and the conditioning and conditioned states of this
condition must first be known. Then the conditioning states
which are conascent with the conditioned states of each of the
23 positive conditions and each of the 20 negative conditions
have to be found. It is from these conascent conditioning and
Conditional Relations
xlii
conditioned states that the answers are obtained. In the case of
the conditions taken “ By Ones ”, all that is necessary is to
select the appropriate ones of each condition to get the answers
to the 49 questions on each of them. But in the cases where the
conditions are taken together as "By Twos ”, " By Threes ”,
etc., with the positive, negative, positive-negative and negative¬
positive conditions, the conascent conditioning and conditioned
states of each of the conditions concerned are compared to find
those that are common to them. From the common condition¬
ing and conditioned states the answers are obtained in the same
way as above. The number of answers possible for each set of 49
questions is the enumeration which is given in the Enumeration
Chapter. The answers and the classifications of the states in
those answers form the Classification Chapter.
II. ‘ Conascent ’ Chapter
The Conascent Chapter comes after the Dependent Chapter.
The contents of these two Chapters are the same although the
words “ Conascent with ” are substituted for “ Dependent on ”.
This is why there are so many elisions in the Text.
Why the same things are repeated. It is to show that they are
interchangeable. When it is stated that " Dependent on
sensitive eye and visible object arises eye-consciousness ” it
does not mean that these states are conascent. And, although
derived matter arises together with the great primaries, the
former is not conascent with the latter. Here, however, it is
to be understood that whatever is said to be dependent is also
conascent and vice versa.
Other reasons. (1) It is for the benefit of the audience be¬
cause The Buddha knew that there are those who will gain
deliverance when expounded as dependent and others as
conascent. (2) To embellish the Teaching. (3) To show His
knowledge of philological analysis (Commentary p. 426).
III. ‘ Conditioned ’ Chapter
The Conditioned Chapter is next dealt with. It is treated in a
similar manner to the above Chapters.
The Difference from the Previous Chapters. Here dependence
Introduction
xliii
condition, in place of conascence condition, is considered. There
are two kinds of dependence condition, namely : (i) conascence-
dependence (which is the same as conascence condition dealt
with in the above chapters) and (2) base-prenascence-dependence.
The relations given for dependence and conascence conditions
in the Analytical Exposition may be compared.
The Conditioning and Conditioned States of Dependence
Condition. As explained above, these will consist of those for
conascence condition given in the Dependent Chapter and
those for base-prenascence-dependence condition which are as
follows:—
Conditioning states
Conditioned states
(1) eye-base.
(2) ear-base.
(3) nose-base.
(4) tongue-base.
(5) body-base.
(6) heart-base.
(1) eye-cons, element and 7 assoc, m.f.
(2) ear-cons, element and 7 assoc, m.f.
(3) nose-cons, element and 7 assoc, m.f.
(4) tongue-cons, element and 7 assoc, m.f.
(5) body-cons, element and 7 assoc, m.f.
(6) mind-element and mind-cons, element
and 52 assoc, m.f. taken appropriately.
The Method. The method of determining the answers, the
classifications of the states in the answers and the enumerations
is illustrated with the example of root condition. Here the
conditioned states of root condition which are also those of
dependence condition are first taken. Then the conditioning
states on which those conditioned states are dependent are
found. As two kinds of dependence condition are involved they
will be treated separately to find the conditioning and con¬
ditioned states of root condition.
Conascence-dependence. Since this is the same as conascence
condition the conditioning and conditioned states of root
condition found in the Dependent Chapter are to be taken.
So the nine answers and classified answers that were obtained
there also apply here.
Base-prenascence-dependence. The 71 rooted conscious¬
nesses and the 52 mental factors excluding delusion from the two
delusion-rooted consciousnesses, which are the conditioned
states of root condition, are also those of base-prenascence-
dependence condition, as they come under mind-consciousness
xliv
Conditional Relations
element which is a conditioned state of that condition. The
conditioning state, as shown in the table above, is heart-base.
It must be noted that heart-base is also a conditioning state of
root condition in conascence-dependence above, but there it is
applicable only at the moment of conception. Here it is appli¬
cable during life as well. Therefore, under the answer (vii)
(Indeterminate—Indeterminate) of the nine answers above,
another classified answer must be added for heart-base during
life. This is given in the Text as :—
“ Conditioned by heart-base, arise resultant indeterminate or
functional indeterminate aggregates ”.
The answers. It will be observed that the conditioning and
conditioned states of root condition for this Conditioned Chapter
are the same as the Dependent Chapter where they have been
tabulated and to which reference must be made. As pointed
out above, heart-base during life has to be included. The
answers will be taken according to the order of the 49 questions.
1. The first seven answers given for root condition in the
Dependent Chapter are in the proper order.
2. Then with heart-base on the L.H.S. and faultless states
on the R.H.S. (base-prenascence-dependence) there is the
answer (viii) (Indeterminate-Faultless).
(3) When the faulty states are taken for the faultless in the
above another answer (ix) (Indeterminate-Faulty) is obtained.
(4) Again, with heart-base and great primaries on the
L.H.S. and faultless states and mind-produced matter on the
R.H.S. there is the answer (x) (Indeterminate-Faultless,
Indeterminate). (Here heart-base with faultless states is base-
prenascence-dependence and great primaries with mind-pro¬
duced matter is conascence-dependence.)
(5) When the faulty states are taken for the faultless in the
above another answer (xi) (Indeterminate-Faulty, Indeter¬
minate) is obtained.
(6) Also, with faultless states and heart-base on the L.H.S.
and faultless states on the R.H.S. the answer is (xii) (Faultless,
Indeterminate-Faultless). (Here faultless with faultless is
conascence-dependence and heart-base with faultless is base-
prenascence-dependence.)
Introduction
xlv
(7) Then with faultless states and great primaries on the
L.H.S. and mind-produced matter on the R.H.S. there is the
answer (xiii) (Faultless, Indeterminate-Indeterminate) as
given in the Dependent Chapter.
(8) By taking together the states on the L.H.S. in the answers
(xii) and (xiii) and also those on the R.H.S. there is the answer
(xiv) (Faultless, Indeterminate-Faultless, Indeterminate).
(9) By substituting faulty states for the faultless in (xii),
(xiii) and (xiv) above, there are three answers (xv) (Faulty,
Indeterminate-Faulty), (xvi) (Faulty, Indeterminate-Indeter¬
minate), and (xvii) (Faulty, Indeterminate-Faulty, Indeter¬
minate) .
Thus there are 17 answers for root condition and the enumera¬
tion, therefore, is 17. The Text states this as “ With root (there
are) 17 (answers) ”. The classified answers can be obtained
from the states involved in the answers and they are given in
the Text.
The Classification and Enumeration Chapters. These are
provided as in the Dependent Chapter. It will be seen, however,
that when the five bases are the conditioning states and the
twice fivefold consciousnesses are the conditioned states, the
following classified answer has to be inserted under the answer
(Indeterminate-Indeterminate):—
“ Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness . . .
conditioned by body-base, arises body-consciousness.” As for
the remaining base, heart-base, the classified answers have been
shown above.
Summary of Conditioned Chapter. As in the case of Depen¬
dent Chapter the conditioning and conditioned states of the
conditions have to be found. This time the states are those of
dependence condition. Then selection of the states are made to
get the answers, the classifications of the states and the enu¬
merations.
IV. ‘ Supported ’ Chapter
The contents of Supported Chapter are the same as the
Conditioned Chapter which precedes it. But in accordance with
its title, the words " Supported by ” are employed instead.
xlvi
Conditional Relations
V. ‘ Conjoined ’ Chapter
Next in order is the Conjoined Chapter. It is also treated
similarly as the previous chapters. Here the conditioning and
conditioned states of association condition are considered.
These are :—
Conditioning states
Conditioned states
89 cons, and 52 m.f. taken
appropriately.
89 cons, and 52 m.f. taken
appropriately.
The above are all mental states and, therefore, in this chapter
materiality is not included. As in the previous chapters, 23
conditions are involved in the Positive conditions, but the
conditioning and conditioned states are all mentality. Also,
in the Negative conditions, only those conditions that have
mentality as their conditioned states are applicable. There
are 10 of them, namely: not-root, not-predominance, not-
prenascence, not-postnascence, not-repetition, not-kamma,
not-resultant, not-jhana, not-path and not-dissociation. In the
case of the other Negative conditions such as not-object, since
the conditioned states are all materiality, there are no mental
states which can be taken as conditioned states that are also
those of association condition.
The Method. The method of determining the answers, the
classifications of the states in those answers and the enumera¬
tions is similar to that in the previous chapters. Root con¬
dition is taken as the example. The conditioned states of root
condition which are also those of association condition have to
be taken. These are 71 rooted consciousnesses and 52 mental
factors excluding delusion from the two delusion-rooted
consciousnesses. The conditioning states associated with them
are 71 rooted consciousnesses and 52 mental factors. Thus the
conditioning and conditioned states of root condition are those
in the Dependent Chapter with all materiality excluded. On
examination of these mental states, it will be found that there
are only three answers (i) (Faultless-Faultless) where faultless
states on the L.H.S. are associated with faultless states on the
Introduction
xlvii
R.H.S. and likewise, (ii) (Faulty-Faulty) and (iii) (Indeter¬
minate-Indeterminate). In this Chapter of the Faultless
Triplet it will be observed that the enumeration is never more
than three. This is always the case where only mental states
are involved. The states in the answers are then classified in
the usual way.
VI. ‘ Associated ’ Chapter
This is the last of the six chapters which are treated in
similar ways. The contents are the same as the Conjoined
Chapter although the word “ associated " is used in the place
of ‘ conjoined ’.
Summary of the Six Chapters
The method of treatment of the six Chapters is the same. The
subject-matter, however, is different. In the Dependent and
Conascent Chapters the conditioning and conditioned states
are those of conascence condition ; in the Conditioned and
Supported Chapters those of dependence condition and in the
Conjoined and Associated Chapters those of association con¬
dition. So for each positive and negative condition which is
applicable, the conditioning and conditioned states which are
conascent, dependent or associated, as required for the Chapter,
are found as in the examples worked out. Then those states that
are faultless, faulty and indeterminate (the three sections of the
Faultless Triplet) are taken to find out the answers for the
Classification Chapters and the enumerations for the Enu¬
meration Chapters. Where the conditions are taken “ By Twos ",
“ By Threes ", etc., the answers for the Classification Chapters
(which are not given in the Text) and the enumerations for the
Enumeration Chapters are obtained in the same way from the
conditioning and conditioned states which are common to each
of the conditions concerned.
It will be seen from the above, that a thorough knowledge of
the conditioning and conditioned states of each of the conditions
is necessary for the proper understanding of the six Chapters.
This is the reason for giving the method to show how the
xlviii Conditional Relations
conditioning and conditioned states of the conditions for the six
Chapters are determined and how, based on them, the answers
for the Classification Chapters are obtained. So the Classi¬
fication Chapter for the condition gives its conditioning and
conditioned states.
VII. ‘ Investigation ’ Chapter
The Investigation Chapter is the last chapter of the Faultless
Triplet. As in the previous six Chapters, the conditions are
dealt with according to the four methods, i.e. Positive, Nega¬
tive, Positive-Negative and Negative-Positive. There are no
questions for this chapter but from the answers it can be
deduced that they would be on the following lines:—
“ May faultless state be related to faultless state by root
condition ? "
and that the order of the questions is the same as that in the
Question Chapter. As for the answers there is a Classification
Chapter for the Positive conditions only. This gives the
conditioning and conditioned states of the 24 conditions which,
when expanded, make up 56. They are tabulated in Charts II
(B)-(H) 1 where the conditions are arranged in groups according
to kind. The rest of the Chapter consists of Enumeration
Chapters.
The Differences from the Previous Chapters
1. In the previous chapters the conditioned states are given
prominence by showing how they arise. The answers given
there, for instance, are “ Dependent on (or Supported by or
Associated with) faultless state, arises faultless state by root
condition But here the conditioning states are given
prominence by showing how they bring about the conditioned
states. An example of such answers is “ Faultless state is
related to faultless state by root condition ”.
2. The enumerations are given in a different way from the
previous chapters in the Positive and Positive-Negative con¬
ditions. The reasons for this will be given when they are dealt
with.
1 At end of Intr.
Introduction
xlix
i. Positive Conditions (i) Classification Chapter
The Classification Chapter gives the relations between the
states due to root condition and the rest of the 24 conditions.
In the case of root condition, there are three sections (1) Fault¬
less, (2) Faulty, and (3) Indeterminate.
With (1) Faultless section as reference, the three answers
with respect to it are : (i) (Faultless-Faultless), (ii) (Faultless-
Indeterminate), and (iii) (Faultless-Faultless, Indeterminate).
The first answer is given in the Text as :—
“ Faultless state is related to faultless state by root
condition ".
The faultless states are then classified and given under this
as:—
“ Faultless roots are related to (their) associated aggregates
by root condition ”.
With (2) Faulty section as reference, there are three similar
answers: (iv) (Faulty-Faulty), (v) (Faulty-Indeterminate), and
(vi) (Faulty-Faulty, Indeterminate).
With (3) Indeterminate section as reference, there is only
one answer: (vii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate). (The Text
may be referred to for all the answers and the classifications of
the states in them.)
Therefore, for the set of 49 questions with root condition,
there are 7 answers, i.e. the enumeration is 7. The Text states
this in the Enumeration Chapter under “ By Ones ” as “ With
root ” (there are) 7 (answers). There can be neither more nor
less than 7 answers and proof of this is given below.
The Method of Determining the Answers
in the Classification Chapter
Root condition is taken as the example. The relation for
this condition in the Analytical Exposition is as follows:
“ Roots are related to the states associated with roots, and the
matter produced thereby, by root condition." Therefore,
D
1
Conditional Relations
the conditioning and conditioned states of root condition
are:—
Conditioning states
Conditioned states
6 roots
comprising
non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion
which are either faultless, resultant
indeterminate or functional in¬
determinate.
greed, hate, delusion which are faulty.
(1) 71 rooted cons., 52 m.f. excluding
delusion from the 2 delusion-
rooted cons.
comprising
21 faultless cons., 38 m.f.
12 faulty cons., 27 m.f.
21 rooted resultant indeterminate
cons., 38 m.f.
17 rooted functional indeterminate
cons., 35 m.f.
(the above are the states associated
with roots).
(2) rooted mind-produced matter.
(3) rooted rebirth kamma-produced
matter
(the above (2) and (3) are the
matter produced thereby).
Of the six roots, three are faultless, three are faulty and three
are indeterminate. So, for these roots as the conditioning states,
there are only three sections, faultless, faulty and indeterminate
which can be taken as references. Their relations with the
conditioned states must now be considered. Since root condi¬
tion belongs to the conascence group of conditions, the con¬
ditioned states to be taken must be those that are related to
the conditioning states by conascence condition. On examina¬
tion of the table it is seen that :—
1. With the Faultless section as reference, the faultless roots
(the conditioning states) are related to
(a) 21 faultless consciousnesses and the 38 associated mental
factors, i.e. their associated aggregates (the conditioned states),
and there is the answer (i) (Faultless-Faultless) ;
(b) mind-produced matter (indeterminate) and the answer is
(ii) (Faultless-Indeterminate) ;
(c) their associated aggregates and mind-produced matter
(i.e. (a) and (b) combined) and the answer is (iii) (Faultless-
Faultless, Indeterminate).
2. Similarly with the Faulty section as reference, where the
faulty roots are taken and 12 faulty consciousnesses and the 27
associated mental factors are their associated aggregates, the
Introduction
li
answers are (iv) (Faulty-Faulty), (v) (Faulty-Indeterminate),
and (vi) (Faulty-Faulty, Indeterminate).
3. With the Indeterminate section as reference, the resultant
indeterminate roots are related to 21 rooted resultant indeter¬
minate consciousnesses and the 38 associated mental factors,
i.e. their associated aggregates, and mind-produced matter.
Also, the functional indeterminate roots are related to 17 rooted
functional indeterminate consciousnesses and the 35 associated
mental factors, i.e. their associated aggregates, and mind-
produced matter. Since they are all indeterminate states, the
answer is (vii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate).
Again, at the moment of conception, the resultant indeter¬
minate roots are related to 17 rooted resultant indeterminate
consciousnesses and the 35 associated mental factors, i.e. their
associated aggregates, and rebirth kamma-produced matter. The
same answer (vii) (Indeterminate-Indeterminate) is obtained.
No other relations are possible between the conditioning and
conditioned states and, therefore, no other answers are possible.
Thus there can only be seven answers as stated above.
1. Positive Conditions (ii) Enumeration Chapter
This is divided into (1) Single Enumerations and (2) Mixed
Enumerations. The Single Enumerations of the 24 conditions
starting with root condition are given. They are also compiled
in Charts II (B)-(H). Mixed Enumerations are of two kinds,
namely: (i) Common and (ii) Combination. All the 24 con¬
ditions are dealt with under them.
Common
The Classification Chapter above shows how cause is related
to its effect by the force of one condition only such as root or
object and so on. But here it shows how they are related by the
forces of two conditions. In the previous six Chapters when the
causes and effects of the conditions taken together “ By Twos ”,
“ By Threes ”, etc., up to “ By Twenty-threes ” were considered,
the relations between them were those of one condition which
was either conascence, dependence or association. And the
commons were determined by selecting the common condition¬
ing and conditioned states of the separate conditions concerned.
lii
Conditional Relations
In this Investigation Chapter, however, the commons are
determined by selecting the common conditioning and con¬
ditioned states of those conditions which belong to the same
group. The conditions grouped according to kind such as the
object group of which there are eight, conascence group of
which there are 15 and so on are given in Chart II (A).
Root condition is first dealt with. It is taken as reference and
the 11 conditions which are common with it such as pre¬
dominance, conascence, etc., are each taken as the variant. The
method of determining the commons of the conditions and
obtaining the enumerations from them is illustrated with the
example of root and predominance conditions.
Illustration of the Method. As stated above, the commons are
determined by finding out the conditioning and conditioned
states which are common to the conditions of the same group.
In the case of root condition it belongs to the conascence group.
Therefore, when the common states of root and predominance
conditions are determined, only those kinds of predominance
condition that belong to the conascence group need to be
considered. Now, there are two kinds of predominance con¬
dition, namely: object-predominance and conascence-pre-
dominance. Of the two, object-predominance belongs to the
object group and conascence-predominance to the conascence
group. So the common conditioning and conditioned states of
root and conascence-predominance conditions have to be found.
[Please see the Minor conascence group in Chart II (C).]
On examination of the conditioning states of these two con¬
ditions, it will be seen that non-delusion of the six roots is of
the same nature as investigating-wisdom predominance of the
four predominant factors. Thus these two states are the
conditioning states. Their conditioned states are as follows :—
Conditioning states
Conditioned states
(1) non-delusion.
47 three-rooted cons., 38 assoc, m.f.,
rooted mind-produced matter,
rooted rebirth kamma-produced matter.
(2) investigating-wisdom pre¬
dominance.
34 predominant three-rooted impulsions,
37 assoc, m.f. exclusive of wisdom,
predominant mind-produced matter.
Introduction
CHART II (A)
Grouped Conditions (Paccaya Samuho)
(Conditions Grouped according to Kind)
Cds
Ob group
Cn
group
S.D. group
Ba-
pm
group
Pon
group
S.W. Asy-kam
group
Phy-nu
group
Phy-fa group
Mixed Cn-pm
group
Mixed Pon-nu
group
Mixed Pon-fa
group
Px-
S.D.
Na
S.D.
Ro
Ro 7
Ob
•Ob 9
Pd
Ob- 7
Cn- 7
Px
♦Px
7
Ct
•ct
7
Cn
♦Cn 9
i
Mu
Mu 3
1
Dp
Ba-ob-pm-3
♦Cn- 9
♦ -2
If J
* 2
if *
S.D.
Ob- 7
♦Px-
7
Na 9
<■
Pm
Ob- 3
\,3
Pon
$ »3
*
Rp
Rp
3 :
Kara
Cn- 7
Px-
1
Asy 2
«■
* 2
if 4
1
Rs
Rs 1
>
Nu
Cn- 7
{
1
* M I
Fa
Cn- 7
”’ 1
■
1
•j
* I
II 1
Jh
Jh 7
Pa
Pa 7
Ass
Ass 3
Dss
Ba-ob-pm-3
Cn- 3
* m -3
* m -3
Ps
Ob-pra- 3
♦Cn- 9
* „-3
* m -3
^ M I
* M I
* 2
if 4
* 2
if *
* 2
if *
Ab
♦Ab
7
Dsp
♦Dsp
7
N.D.
Ob-pm- 3
♦Cn- 9
* m-3
* m-3
^ M X
^ M I
• 2
if *
♦ 2
* 2
if
56
8
*5
7
2
6
4
I
3
3
3
2
2
Since (2) has the lesser number of conditioned states, the
common conditioning and conditioned states are those of (2).
So the relation to be taken to find the answers is “ Investi-
gating-wisdom predominance is related to its associated
aggregates and predominant mind-produced matter by root and
liv
Conditional Relations
predominance conditions ”. There are four answers, (i) (Fault¬
less-Faultless), (ii) (Faultless-Indeterminate), (iii) (Faultless-
Faultless, Indeterminate), and (iv) (Indeterminate-Indeter¬
minate).
How 4 answers are obtained. Root condition has seven
answers as found in the example worked out above. But
since investigating-wisdom predominance is not concerned
with faulty states, the three answers for them in root condition
are excluded thus leaving four answers. The Text states this as
“ With root condition and predominance (there are) 4
(answers) ”. The classified answers for them can be obtained
in the usual way and can be verified with the ones appropriate to
them in the Classification Chapter on predominance condition.
The rest of the commons. The commons for these are deter¬
mined in a similar way as the above. Only when this method of
determining the commons is fully grasped will the extremely
difficult Enumeration Chapters that follow be understood.
Combination
Combination. The relations between causes and effects deal
not only with two conditions, as in the case of the commons
above, but also with three, four, etc., right up to 11 conditions
taken together. This is known as combination and it consists of
three kinds, namely :—
(1) Mixed Combination. Here the conditions of the cona-
scence group are always included along with those of the other
groups such as object, base-prenascence and so on;
(2) Miscellaneous Combination. Here the conditions of the
conascence group are excluded and those of the object group,
proximity group, etc., are taken.
(3) Conascent Combination. This deals only with the con¬
ditions of the conascence group.
Brief Explanation. Root condition belongs to the conascence
group and so it comes under conascent combination. Object
condition belongs to the object group and so it comes under
miscellaneous combination. Predominance condition, however,
is of two kinds: object-predominance and conascence-
predominance. When both are taken together it comes under
mixed combination ; if only object-predominance is taken,
Introduction
lv
it comes under miscellaneous combination ; if only conascence-
predominance is taken, it comes under conascent combination.
This is how all the conditions are to be taken under these
combinations.
Root condition under Conascent Combination —24 answers.
Since root condition belongs to the conascence group, it
comes under conascent combination. This is divided into (1)
ordinary combinations—nine answers, (2) with faculty and path
—nine answers, and (3) with predominance, faculty and path—
six answers, giving a total of 24 answers.
There is nothing extraordinary about these combinations for
they are derived from the commons dealt with above. So if
the commons are understood there will be no difficulty about
the combinations.
An Example. The first of the nine answers of the ordinary
conascent combination is " Combination of root, conascence,
dependence, presence and non-disappearance (has) 7
(answers) ”. This combination has come from the commons
where it is given as “ With root condition and conascence
7, dependence 7, presence 7, non-disappearance 7 ”. Here there
are four separate items with root condition as reference and
each of the other conditions as the variant for, in the commons,
only two conditions are taken together. In combination,
however, since the four conditions above are common with root
condition, they are all taken together for the combination of
five conditions as given above.
The second of the nine answers is “ Combination of root,
conascence, mutuality, dependence, presence and non-dis¬
appearance 3 Here root condition is common with mutuality
which is given as " With root condition and mutuality 3 ”,
Since they belong to the conascence group the four conditions,
conascence, dependence, presence and non-disappearance, of
the Major conascence group are always included in conascent
combination.
Object and the Other Conditions. The combinations with object
and each of the other conditions as reference are given. There
are altogether 415 answers under combination. It must be
admitted that these combinations are difficult to understand
and even in Burma, in the past, there were very few who could
lvi
Conditional Relations
fully grasp this portion. But after the translator had explained
them with the aid of his charts, it is now being easily learnt.
Selection of the Conditions for Negative
In the Negative conditions of Dependent Chapter and the
rest of the six Chapters the answers such as “ Dependent on
faulty state, arises faulty state by not-root condition ” and so
forth are given and the states classified. But in the Negative
conditions of this Investigation Chapter only the numbers of
answers such as “ With not-root (condition there are) 15
(answers) " and so on are mentioned. So it is very difficult to
know what these answers are and how they are obtained. In
fact, this is one of the most difficult portions of Patthana.
Therefore, in order to overcome this difficulty, the Synod
authorities provided the selection of conditions in order to
understand the Negative conditions. But in the marble in¬
scriptions made after the Fifth Synod, many errors were found
by the translator and corrected at the Sixth Synod.
How the Conditions are Selected. Chart III (A) gives the total
enumerations for each group of conditions. This has been
obtained by totalling the enumerations given for the con¬
ditions of each group in the Single Enumerations of Charts II
(B)-(H). From Chart III (A) it will be seen that the maximum
enumeration is 15. This consists of four for the faultless section,
four for the faulty section, three for the indeterminate section,
two for the faultless, indeterminate section and two for the
faulty, indeterminate section. The groups and the answers have
to be taken in the order given there. By reading down the
answer column (faultless-faultless) it will be observed that it
is obtained with object, conascence and strong-dependence
conditions. When the chart is read off in this manner it will
be found to be in conformity with the Text.
Explanation. When it is stated that “ Faultless state is
related to faultless state by object condition, conascence
condition, strong-dependence condition ” it is a very brief
statement of the facts. From the Chart it will be understood
that the groups of object, conascence and strong-dependence
conditions are to be taken and not just the single conditions.
Also, this information is not sufficient for it would mean that
Introduction
CHART III (A)
Selection of the Conditions for Negative
(Total Enumerations of Each Group of Conditions)
Groups of Conditions
£
</)
E
>>
E
a
G
t
jj)
E
Fty Fty
1 f\
E
O*
T 3
G
„ Fty-Ind
Ind Ind
(/>
E
>>
£
*
Fls-Ind FIs
TJ
G
Fty-Ind Fty
'O
G
Enumerations
Object
f 1
11
II
II
II
II
II
II
11
9
Conascence 1
II
11
11
II
II
91
II
«
1 1
11
9
Strong-dependence
ft
11
11
1 t
II
II
1 1
II
99
9
Prenascence 1
1 1
f f
91
3
Postnascence *
II |
II
1 1
3
S.W. Asynchronous Kamma
II
II
2
Physical nutriment *
II
1
Physical life faculty 4
II
1
Mixed Conascence-Prenascence
II
li
2
Postnascence-nutriment
II
11
2
Postnascence-faculty
II
11
2
M. W*.
excluded.
postnascence
ixed postnascence-faculty
oiw
eluded.
* For not-nutriment, mixed postnascence-nutriment is excluded but mixed postnascence-faculty is
included.
• For not-faculty, mixed postnascence-faculty is excluded but mixed postnascence-nutriinent is
included.
all the conditions of each of these three groups are applicable.
But this isn’t so. There are exceptions which can be found out
with the help of Chart III (B). 1 This summarizes the Single Enu¬
merations of Chart II giving the different kinds of enumerations
for the conditions of the same group and taking together those
conditions which have the same enumerations.
For this example where the relation between faultless states
(i.e. faultless-faultless) is the answer, the conditions which give
this answer can be found from the Chart. It will be observed
that in the case of—
1. object condition, out of eight in the group there are only
three, namely: object, object-predominance, and object-
strong-dependence ;
2. conascence condition, out of 15 in the group there are 13,
1 Next page
lviii
Conditional Relations
CHART III (B)
Selection of the Conditions for Negative (DETAILED)
■
Faultless
section
= 4
Faulty
section
= 4
. «
Indeter¬
minate
= 3
Fls-
Ind
= 2
Ft
In
y-
Ld
2
(/>
E
£
Ind
Fls-Ind
£
in
£
Ind
Fty-Ind
Ind
</)
£
£
€/)
E
Ind
Fty
Ind
Conditions 56
Groups-11
in
£
•»»
►
£
*
«K
.#*
Ind
•>>
Fls-Ind
«N
Fty-Ind
-
Ob.
1
Object 8
ft
tt
ft
tt
ft
tt
ft
tt
It
Ob-pd, Ob-S.D.
2
If
tt
It
11
ft
tt
t 1
Ob-prn, Ba-Ob-pm .. .*
5
tt
tt
f t
Minor Con 1
7
Conascence
15
t t
ft
f 1
tt
11
tt
tt
- V-
Major Con *
4
ft
1 1
ft
91
11
11
II
ft
tt
Mu, Ass
2
ft
tt
ft
Rs
1
ft
Con-dss
1
ft
It
ft
Px . . .*
5
Px-S.D.
Strong
dependence 9
ft
ft
tt
tt
i
ft
tt
ft
Rp
1
ft
(
»>
ft
Px-kam
1
ft i
Na S.D.
1
Na
S.D.
ft
it
ft
tt
ft
ft
ft
tt
ft
Strong Asy kam
1
ft
ft ' j
Ba-pm . . .*
5
Prenascence
6
l
If
tt
If
Ba-prn-fa
1
II
Pon .. .*
4
Pon 4
It
ft
ft
• i
S.W. Asyn kam
1
Kam 1
II
II
Phy-nu . . .*
3
Nu 3
II
Phy-life-fa . . .*
3
Faculty 3
II
Mixed-Cn-pm .. .*
3
Cn-pm 3
»>
ft
Mixed-pon-nu . . .*
2
Pon-nu 2
ft
11
Mixed-pon-fa .. .*
2
Pon-fa 2
ft
1 f
* Please refer to Chart II (A) for the other conditions.
1 Please refer to Chart II (C) for the conditions.
* Please refer to Chart II (E) for the conditions.
Enumerations
I ntroduction
lix
the remaining two, resultant and conascence-dissociation, being
excluded ;
3. strong-dependence condition, there are seven in all. These
are six of the proximity-strong-dependence kind, namely :
proximity, contiguity, proximity-strong-dependence, absence,
disappearance and repetition, and one of the natural strong-
dependence kind, i.e. natural strong-dependence. So 23 con¬
ditions out of the 56 expanded conditions give this answer.
The conditions which give the different answers can be found
out in a similar way. This information is essential for finding
out how the answers for the Negative conditions are obtained.
2. Negative Conditions (ii) Enumeration Chapter
As mentioned above, there is no Classification Chapter. The
Enumeration Chapter begins with the Single Enumerations
and then “ By Twos ”, ” By Threes ”, etc. All the 24 con¬
ditions are dealt with starting with not-root condition of the
Single Enumerations.
Method of Exposition. The Text simply states “ With not-
root (condition there are) 15 (answers) ” and so on for the other
negative conditions taken “ By Ones ”. These enumerations
do not convey much. The reader would want to know what
these answers are and how they are obtained.
The Method of Finding the Answers
Not-root condition is taken as the example. " Not-root ”
means all the other conditions excepting root condition. The
first thing to do is to find out the group to which root condition
belongs. It belongs only to the conascence group. Therefore
there is no need to consider the other groups of conditions as the
enumerations for them, given in Chart III (A), are to be taken
unchanged. As for the conascence group, root condition must
be excluded from the conditions of that group. Why is this
done ? As an analogy, take the case when 1 is deducted from
16 to leave 15. Everyone knows this but very few would be able
to give a satisfactory answer as to why 15 is left. The reason
is that in the 16 there is one which is common with 1. And
lx
Conditional Relations
when this common i is deducted, 15 is left. So here, also,
the common root condition has to be deducted. For in the
conascence group of conditions, the root condition there is
common with the root condition under consideration. And
when this common root condition is deducted, the remaining
conditions of the conascence group are ‘ not-root' conditions.
The Extraordinary Characteristic of the Enumerations of
Patthana. In the example given above where the common 1
is excluded from 16, 15 is left. Ordinarily this is so. But in the
enumerations of Patthana when the common is excluded, the
enumerations are not reduced accordingly. For instance,
there are nine answers for conascence condition and seven for
root condition. Ordinarily, when 7 is deducted from 9, 2 is left.
But this does not apply here. It is surprising to find that
actually 9 is left. For although in these enumerations figures
are dealt with, the deduction is not made between them
to leave the remainder in figures but only between the states.
And it is from the remaining states that the enumerations are
obtained.
Example. When root condition is to be excluded from cona¬
scence condition, it is the conditioning and conditioned states
of root condition given in Chart II (C) that have to be excluded
from those of conascence condition given in Chart II (E). The
remaining conditioning and conditioned states are, therefore :—
Conditioning states
Conditioned states
(a) 4 mental aggregates exclusive of 6
roots during life and at the moment
of conception.
4 mental aggregates exclusive of 6
roots during life and at the moment
of conception (mutually),
mind-produced matter,
rebirth kamma-produced matter.
(b) 4 great primaries (each of mind-pro¬
duced, rebirth kamma-produced,
external, nutriment-produced, tem¬
perature-produced, non-percipient
beings’ kamma-produced and dur¬
ing life kamma-produced matter).
(Corresponding) 4 great primaries
(mutually) and derived matter.
(c) 4 mental aggregates exclusive of 3
rebirth roots, and heart-base at the
moment of conception in 5-aggre¬
gate existences.
4 mental aggregates exclusive of 3
rebirth roots, and heart-base at the
moment of conception in 5-aggre¬
gate existences (mutually).
Introduction
lxi
When the answers are determined with these states, the enu¬
meration still remains 9, the same as conascence condition,
although the common root condition with enumeration 7
has been deducted. Of course, the classifications of the states in
the answers will be slightly different.
How 15 Answers are obtained with *not-root \ For not-root
condition all the conditions of the object group and the other
groups except root condition have to be taken. The number of
answers is found by totalling the enumerations given for each
of those groups in Chart III (A), taking them in the order given
there. These are :—
(1) object group of conditions—9,
(2) conascence group of conditions from which root condi¬
tion is excluded—9 (this was worked out above),
(3) strong-dependence group of conditions—9,
(4) prenascence group of conditions—3,
(5) postnascence group of conditions—3,
(6) strong and weak asynchronous kamma group (one
condition)—2,
(7) physical nutriment group of conditions—1,
(8) physical faculty group of conditions—1,
(9) mixed conascence-prenascence group of conditions—2,
(10) mixed postnascence-nutriment group of conditions—2,
(n) mixed postnascence-faculty group of conditions—2.
When the different kinds of enumerations are taken, the
total is 15. The Text states this as “ With not-root (condition
there are) 15 (answers) ”. The answers are (faultless-faultless)
and so on, the 15 that are given in the columns of the Chart.
The Classified Answers. Next, the states in the 15 answers
have to be classified as in the Classification Chapter where the
conditions, as expanded, are taken in the order which is the
same as the horizontal order of the conditions in Chart II (A).
Out of the 167 classified answers in that Chapter, the seven for
root condition are excluded and so there are 160 such answers
for not-root condition. Again, in those answers, the classified
states (i.e. the conditioning and conditioned states) of root
condition are excluded, wherever they are found, in those of
the conditions of the conascent group.
lxii Conditional Relations
An Example. Take the case of the answer (faultless-faultless).
By looking down this column of Chart III (B) the conditions in
the various groups which give this answer can be read off. They
are 3 of the object group, 13 of the conascence group and
7 of the strong-dependence group. But, as mentioned above,
the conditions must be taken in the order of the Classification
Chapter. On reference to Chart II (A) the order is found to be
object, predominance, proximity, contiguity, conascence,
mutuality, conascence-dependence, natural strong-dependence,
repetition, conascence-kamma, conascence-nutriment, cona-
scence-faculty, jhana, path, association, conascence-presence,
absence, disappearance, conascence-non-disappearance. Root
condition of the minor conascence group is excluded as not-root
conditions are dealt with. There are altogether 19 conditions.
So for the answer “ Faultless state is related to faultless state
by not-root condition ”, the classified answers for the 19 con¬
ditions given in the Classification Chapter for this (faultless-
faultless) relation have to be taken. But, as pointed out above,
the classified states of root condition are to be excluded wherever
they are found in the conditions of the conascence group.
Therefore, in conascence-predominance, investigating-wisdom
predominance which is of the same nature as the root, non¬
delusion, is excluded ; in conascence, mutuality, dependence,
association, conascence-presence and conascence-non-disappear-
ance, the three faultless roots are excluded ; in faculty and
path, knowledge which is of the same nature as the root, non¬
delusion, is excluded. The classified answers start with those for
object condition as given in item 404 of the Text, i.e. After
having offered the offering, having undertaken the precept,
having fulfilled the duty of observance, (one) reviews it and so
on.
Similarly, classified answers have to be found for each of the
other answers (faultless-faulty), etc.
All this is certainly very expansive, complicated, deep and
abstruse. But if the method, given briefly above, is applied
these enumerations will not only be understood, but the elisions
can also be expanded and proper judgment made as to their
correctness or otherwise.
Introduction
“ By Twos ", “ By Threes ", etc.
In the case of “ By Twos " it starts with not-root condition
as reference and each of the other 23 negative conditions as the
variant. So there are 23 such items. The first is “ With not-
root condition and not-object (condition there are) 15 (answers) ".
Here, for not-root condition, root condition is excluded from
the conascence group as explained above. And for not-object
condition, all the conditions of the object-group are excluded.
When the answers for the rest of the grouped conditions are
totalled, in the way shown above, it comes to 15. This is the
same method for “ By Threes " and the rest.
The Rule of the Negative Conditions. The example of not-root
condition shows that the causes, which are related to the effects,
are not of root condition but of object and other conditions.
And in the case of not-root and not-object conditions it shows
that the causes are not of root and object conditions but of
other conditions.
3. Positive-Negative Conditions (ii) Enumeration Chapter
The Positive-Negative conditions come next. Here also
each of the 24 conditions is taken as reference. The enumera¬
tions are divided into (1) “ By Twos " and (2) Combination. In
the case of “ By Twos " it starts with root condition as reference
and not-object, not-predominance, etc., as the variants. There
are only 19 items since the four conditions, conascence, depen¬
dence, presence and non-disappearance conditions, are ex¬
cluded. For when a state is root condition it cannot be not-
conascence, not-dependence, not-presence or not-non-disappear-
ance condition.
“ By Twos "
Here the states which are root condition but not object, or
not predominance, etc., are dealt with.
Root but Not-object Condition. First of all it has to be deter¬
mined whether the two conditions are common or not. As
mentioned earlier, in this Investigation Chapter, the commons
are determined by selecting the common conditioning and
lxiv
Conditional Relations
conditioned states of those conditions which belong to the same
group. Since root condition belongs to the conascence group and
object condition to the object group, they belong to different
groups and so the two conditions are not common. In all such
cases, the condition, like object condition in this example,
which is not common with the reference condition is taken as
zero. And just as zero deducted from seven leaves seven, so
also object condition as zero deducted from root condition
leaves root condition, i.e. the conditioning and conditioned
states of root condition, the enumeration for which is 7 as
already worked out. This is why the Text states “ With root
condition, not-object (condition) 7 ", the seven answers
being those of root condition.
The Classified Answers. The seven answers are then classified.
For the first answer “ Faultless state is related to faultless state
by root condition but not object condition ", the classified answer
is “ Faultless roots are related to (their) associated aggregates
by root condition but not object condition ". Except for the
additional words “ but not object condition ", all the classified
answers are the same as for root condition given as items 401-
403 in the Text. It has to be noted that in all these enumeration
chapters the conditioning and conditioned states have to be
first determined in order to be able to classify the states in the
answers.
Root but Not-predominance and so on. The method is the
same as above. In the case of not-predominance, investigating-
wisdom predominance of conascence-predominance condition
must be excluded as it is common with non-delusion of root
condition. Only then will the states which are root condition
but not-predominance condition be obtained.
Combination
The combinations are dealt with after “ By Twos ". These
are the same as in the Positive conditions.
Ordinary Combination. For the first combination the re¬
lation is “ Six roots are related to their associated aggregates,
rooted mind-produced matter and rooted rebirth kamma-
produced-matter ". All these conditioning and conditioned
Introduction
lxv
states are those of root, conascence, dependence, presence, and
non-disappearance conditions but not of object, predominance,
proximity . . . disappearance conditions. Therefore, the com¬
binations of these five conditions as reference with the variants
are taken in the following way : “ Combinations of root, cona¬
scence, dependence, presence and non-disappearance conditions,
not-object (condition) 7, not-predominance 7 . . . not-disap-
pearance 7 Here the states dealt with are those that belong
to the five conditions but not to the remaining 19 conditions.
In the case of the latter conditions, however, for those that
are common with the five conditions such as predominance
and others, the states that are common have to be excluded.
As for those which are not common such as object condition
and others, since they are taken as zero, the states are the same
as those for the five conditions.
The Rule of the Positive-Negative Conditions. As its name
implies, it shows that the causes, which are related to the effects,
are those of root condition and so on but not of object con¬
dition and so on.
4. Negative-Positive Conditions (ii) Enumeration Chapter
The Negative-Positive conditions are finally considered.
All the 24 negative conditions are dealt with. It starts with
“ By Twos ” and ends with “ By Twenty-twos ” and so there
are 21 of them.
" By Twos ”
Not-root but Object Condition. Here all the “ By Twos ”
dealt with in the Positive-Negative conditions are included, the
only difference being that they are treated in the reverse order.
For instance, the states which are object condition but not
root were dealt with there, whereas the states which are not
root condition but object are dealt with here.
“ By Threes ”
The states which are not root and not object conditions but
predominance condition is an example in this case. There are
two kinds of predominance condition, namely: object-
predominance and conascence-predominance. Since the states
E
lxvi
Conditional Relations
which are not root condition have to be taken, investigating-
wisdom predominance (of conascence-predominance), which
belongs to root condition, has to be excluded and only the
other three predominant factors are taken. Again, since the
states are also not object condition, object-predominance,
which is part of object condition, has to be excluded. Therefore,
the conditioning and conditioned states of investigating-
wisdom predominance and object-predominance have to be
excluded from those of predominance condition, This gives
the relation “ One of the predominant factors, desire, effort and
consciousness, is related to its associated aggregates and pre¬
dominant mind-produced matter by not-root and not-object
conditions but predominance condition From this the enu¬
meration 7 and the classified answers are obtained. The
Text only states “ With not-root and not-object conditions,
predominance 7 ”. The same method is employed to determine
the enumerations and classified answers of the rest of the
Negative-Positive conditions.
The Rule of the Negative-Positive Conditions. This is the
reverse of the Positive-Negative conditions. Here it shows that
the causes, which are related to the effects, are those which are
not root but object condition, not-root and not-object but
predominance condition and so on.
Question. Why is it that (1) commons (i.e. “ By Twos ")
and combinations and (2) “ By Twos " and combinations are
dealt with for the Positive and Positive-Negative conditions
respectively and “ By Twos ", By “ Threes ", etc., for the
Negative and Negative-Positive conditions ?
Answer. There is no need to consider the “ By Twos " as this
is given for all the conditions under the four methods. As for
the combinations, there are no common states of root and object
conditions since they belong to different groups and so these
two conditions cannot be taken together. Therefore, it is
necessary to select and combine only those conditions of the
same group which have common states. So combinations of
conditions have to be taken with the Positive and Positive-
Negative conditions, With the Negative and Negative-Positive
conditions, the states which are not root and not object con¬
ditions; not root, not object and not predominance conditions
Introduction
lxvii
and so on and the states which are not root, not object but
predominance condition ; not root, not object, not predomi¬
nance but proximity condition and so on are respectively
considered. In these cases the appropriate conditions and the
states which are found to be common are excluded. So the
conditions can be taken together consecutively in their serial
order such as “ By Twos ”, “ By Threes ”, " By Fours ”, etc.
All that has been dealt with above come under the Faultless
Triplet of the Positive Method Division and is just one of the
129,232 sections of Patthana.
2. Feeling Triplet
In Patthana the Triplets and Couplets of the Dhammasan-
gani, which are mentioned at the beginning of this Introduction,
are treated in the same serial order as given there. Therefore,
the Feeling Triplet is considered after the Faultless Triplet. This
Triplet also consists of the Dependent Chapter and the rest of
the seven Chapters as in the Faultless Triplet and are dealt with
in the same sequence. As a matter of fact this is the pro¬
cedure throughout the Patthana.
States of the Feeling Triplet. The states of each of the three
sections of the Feeling Triplet are :—
Sections
(i) States associated with
pleasant feeling.
(ii) States associated with
painful feeling.
(iii) States associated with
neither painful nor
pleasant feeling.
States
(i) 63 cons, accompanied by pleasure and 46
assoc, m.f. exclusive of feeling, hate, envy,
stinginess, worry, and doubt.
(ii) 3 cons, accompanied by pain and 21 assoc,
m.f. exclusive of feeling, rapture, greed,
W'rong view, conceit, and doubt.
(iii) 55 cons, accompanied by indifference and
46 assoc, m.f. exclusive of feeling, rapture,
hate, envy, stinginess, and worry.
Note. —Materiality, Nibbana and feeling are not included in
this Triplet and in this case they are Triplet-freed, i.e. they
are neither conditioning nor conditioned states in this Triplet.
As materiality is not included, prenascence, postnascence and
dissociation conditions, which have only material states as the
conditioning or conditioned states, are not taken into account.
So the Dependent Chapter alone serves for the whole of the
lxviii Conditional Relations
six Chapters. The reason is that, since mental states only are
involved, the conditioning and conditioned states of the con¬
ditions are the same for each of the six Chapters. Although
prenascence and dissociation conditions are included in these
Chapters, the purpose is to determine the conditioning and
conditioned states of conascence, dependence and association
conditions involved in their respective Chapters.
Enumeration and Analytical Exposition of the Conditions.
These are given only for the Faultless Triplet but each serves
as a model for application to the whole of Patthana. In the
Feeling Triplet, the three conditions mentioned above are
excluded from the list in the Enumeration of Conditions. For
the Analytical Exposition, all material states are left out in the
relations for the conditions. For example, for root condition it
is “ The roots are related to the states which are associated
with roots by root condition ”.
Dependent Chapter
Classification Chapter. An example of the answers is:—
“ (i) Dependent on state associated with pleasant feeling,
arises state associated with pleasant feeling by root condition.
(a) Dependent on one aggregate associated with pleasant
feeling, arise two aggregates ; dependent on two aggre¬
gates, arises one aggregate ;
(b) At the moment of conception, dependent on one aggre¬
gate associated with pleasant feeling, arise two aggregates;
dependent on two aggregates, arises one aggregate.”
It will be observed that only three (mental) aggregates are
involved as feeling, the other aggregate, is excluded.
The rest of the six Chapters are just referred to since they
are the same as Dependent Chapter. This is also the case with
the other five Triplets—Rapture, Limited Object, Path Object,
Past Object, Internal Object—which have no material states.
The analytical states of the Triplets and Couplets are given in
the Discourse on Elements. And it is from these states that the
conditioning and conditioned states are selected for the Chap¬
ters concerned.
Single Enumerations. The conditioning and conditioned
Introduction
lxix
states of each of the 21 conditions of this Triplet are found in
the way shown in the Faultless Triplet for determining the
single enumerations.
The Other Enumerations. For the enumerations “ By Twos ",
“ By Threes ", etc., of the Positive, Negative, Positive-Negative
and Negative-Positive conditions, the common conditioning
and conditioned states have to be found to arrive at the enumera¬
tions as in the case of the Faultless Triplet.
Investigation Chapter
Classification Chapter. Based upon the method given in the
Faultless Triplet, the conditioning and conditioned states of the
21 conditipns are to be determined.
Enumeration Chapters. The enumerations for the single
conditions and the commons can be determined by applying the
methods given in the Faultless Triplet. As regards the com¬
binations, since mental states only are involved in this Triplet,
there are no mixed combinations ; conditions with material
states only are not included in miscellaneous combinations and
there are few conascent combinations. For the latter, root
condition has six whereas in the Faultless Triplet there are 24.
The selection of the conditions for Negative is given in full,
but only a few of the enumerations for the Negative, Positive-
Negative and Negative-Positive conditions.
3. Resultant Triplet
States of the Resultant Triplet. The states of each of the
three sections of the Resultant Triplet are :—
Sections
States
(i) Resultant states.
(ii) States producing result¬
ant states.
(iii) States which are neither
resultant nor producing
resultant states.
(i) 36 resultant indeterminate cons, and 38
assoc, m.f.
(ii) 12 faulty cons., 21 faultless cons, and 52
assoc, m.f.
(iii) 20 functional indeterminate cons., 35
assoc, m.f., 28 matter and Nibbana.
The Six Chapters
Although the Classification Chapters of the six Chapters are
lxx
Conditional Relations
given somewhat in detail, the Enumeration Chapters are very
brief.
Investigation Chapter
The Classification Chapter is given in full but as regards the
Enumeration Chapter only the Single Enumerations and the
commons with root condition are provided. The combinations
are not given at all.
The Other Enumerations. The selection of the conditions for
Negative is complete but, as is generally the case, there are
many elisions in the Enumerations for the Negative, Positive-
Negative and Negative-Positive conditions.
4. Clinging Triplet
States of the Clinging Triplet. The states of each of the three
sections of the Clinging Triplet are:—
Sections States
(i) States acquired by clinging (i) 32 mundane resultant indeterminate
and favourable to clinging. cons., 35 assoc, m.f. and 20 kamma-
produced matter.
(ii) States not acquired by clinging (ii) 12 faulty cons., 17 mundane fault-
but favourable to clinging. less cons., 20 functional indetermin¬
ate cons., 52 assoc, m.f., 17 mind-
produced matter, 15 temperature-
produced matter and 14 nutriment-
produced matter.
(iii) States not acquired by clinging (iii) 8 supramundane cons., 36 assoc, m.f.
and not favourable to clinging. and Nibbana.
5. Corrupt Triplet
States of the Corrupt Triplet. The states of each of the three
sections of the Corrupt Triplet are :—
Sections States
(i) Corrupt and corrupting states. (i) 12 faulty cons, and 27 assoc, m.f.
(ii) Not corrupt but corrupting (ii) 17 mundane faultless cons., 32 mun-
states. dane resultant cons., 20 functional
cons., 38 assoc, m.f. and 28 matter,
(iii) Not corrupt and not corrupt- (iii) 8 supramundane cons., 36 assoc, m.f.
ing states. and Nibbana.
Introduction
lxxi
The five Triplets given above comprise the subject matter of
Volume I now translated. No doubt the reader will find it
dull and uninteresting as he goes through the bare statements
of facts and figures. This is why some idea of the methods by
which they are arrived at is given in this Introduction. But to
have a proper understanding of Patthana and be able to work
out the answers by oneself and also fill in the many elisions, the
methods must be known in greater detail. For this purpose it
will be necessary to issue a guide to Patthana where all the
methods in the Faultless Triplet and their applications will be
given. This suffices for the rest of Patthana as the same tech¬
niques are employed.
The remaining 17 Triplets, like the Clinging and Corrupt
Triplets of Volume I, are treated very briefly in Volume II.
There are numerous elisions and most of the combinations are
left out. The translator, by applying the methods of the
Faultless Triplet, has expanded all the elisions and given all
the combinations in the Triplets and Couplets in a Burmese
Text on the methods and explanations of Patthana.
General Method of the Triplet Patthana. The states of the
sections of the 22 Triplets have to be known. Then the appro¬
priate states are taken as conditioning and conditioned states
to find out the number of answers for each condition of the
Chapter concerned, i.e. the Single Enumerations. Next, the
states in those answers are (1) classified for the Classification
Chapter for the single conditions and (2) used to find the other
answers for the conditions taken “ By Twos , By Threes ,
etc., for the rest of the Enumeration Chapter. The states in
the latter answers are also classified for the Classification
Chapters which are never given in the Text. Finally, with the
information so obtained, the contents of the Classification and
Enumeration Chapters for the Negative, Positive-Negative and
Negative-Positive conditions of the seven Chapters in each
Triplet can be worked out as shown with the Faultless Triplet.
The Remaining 23 Patthanas
The Triplet Patthana (22 Triplets) of the Positive Method
Division, the first of the six Patthanas in this Division, is dealt
with in* the first two volumes as mentioned above. The
Conditional Relations
lxxii
remaining 23 Patthanas are divided in the following way in the
next three volumes :
Volume III. Couplet Patthana of the Positive Method
Division (up to Clinging Clusters, i.e. 74 couplets).
Volume IV. The rest of the Couplet Patthana (the other 26
couplets) ; Couplet-Triplet and Triplet-Couplet Patthanas
of the same Division.
Volume V. Triplet-Triplet and Couplet-Couplet Patthanas
of the same Division ; the remaining 18 Patthanas con¬
sisting of the same six Patthanas each of the Negative,
Positive-Negative and Negative-Positive Method
Divisions.
The six Patthanas of the Positive Method Division cover
• •
2,260 pages in the sixth Synod edition but the 18 Patthanas of
the remaining three Divisions cover only 426 pages. This shows
the extent to which the 18 Patthanas were condensed at the
• •
Synod recitation. However, they can be expanded in the way
shown in the Positive Method Division by applying the methods
given there for the Triplets and Couplets.
As this translation deals only with the first volume of
Patthana, the opportunity is now taken to give the reader a
general idea of the whole subject. Hence, the contents of the
remaining 23 Patthanas in the last three volumes will be
touched upon. Owing to the limitations of space in an Intro¬
duction, the examples will be confined to root condition of the
Dependent Chapter with the first of each Patthana.
Positive Method Division
2. Couplet Patthana
All the 100 couplets are dealt with in the Couplet Patthana.
They are divided under 13 heads, such as root cluster, lesser
intermediate couplets and others. The root cluster comes first
and consists of six couplets beginning with “ states which are
roots ” followed by " states which have associated roots " and
others. The Couplet Patthana starts with the first root couplet,
i.e. root states (states which are roots) and not-root states
(states which are not roots) under the seven Chapters as in the
I ntroduction
lxxiii
Faultless Triplet and also begins with the Dependent Chapter.
In each of these Chapters there are three sections, (i) root,
(ii) not-root, and (iii) root, not-root, as references and the same
three sub-sections as variants. So there are only nine questions,
three for each of the three sections with the three sub-sections
and the order is as follows :
(1) With root section as reference and the three sub¬
sections, the three questions are :
Dependent on root state, may there arise root (not-root,
root and not-root) state by root condition ?
(2) With not-root section as reference and the three sub¬
sections :
Dependent on not-root state, may there arise not-root
(root, root and not-root) state by root condition ?
(3) With root, not-root section as reference and the three
subsections :
Dependent on root and not-root states, may there arise
root (not-root, root and not-root) state by root condition ?
This applies to all the Couplet, Couplet-Triplet and Couplet-
Couplet Patthanas. With the Triplet, Triplet-Couplet and
Triplet-Triplet Patthanas there are 49 questions as in the
Faultless Triplet.
Classification Chapter. An example is :
“ Dependent on root state, arises root state by root condition.
Dependent on non-greed, arise non-hate and non-delusion ;
dependent on non-hate, arise non-greed and non-delusion ;
dependent on non-delusion, arise non-greed and non-hate ;
Dependent on greed, arises delusion ; dependent on delusion,
arises greed ; dependent on hate, arises delusion ; dependent
on delusion, arises hate ;
At the moment of conception, dependent on non-greed, arise
non-hate and non-delusion. ..." (Synod Text, Vol. III., p. 1.)
There are 9 answers, i.e. all the questions have answers.
How the g answers are obtained. In the root couplet,
(1) the root states are the six roots and
(2) the not-root states are 89 consciousnesses, 46 mental
lxxiv
Conditional Relations
factors (the six roots having been excluded), 28 matter and
Nibbana.
When the answers are worked out as shown in the Faultless
Triplet, they are found to be (i) 1-1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 1-1, 2, (iv) 2-2,
(v) 2-1, (vi) 2-1, 2, (vii) 1, 2-1, (viii) 1, 2-2, and (ix) 1, 2-1, 2.
The Six Chapters. Unlike the Faultless Triplet, all the six
Chapters are not given. There is a Classification Chapter for
Dependent Chapter and then the Text directs that Conascent
and the rest of the Six Chapters are to be treated similarly. In
the Enumeration Chapters only those for root condition are
given.
Investigation Chapter. The Classification Chapter is given in
full but only the Single Enumerations in the Enumeration
Chapter that follows. The selection of the conditions for
Negative is complete. With regard to the other Enumeration
Chapters, only the Single Enumerations of the Negative condi¬
tions and the enumerations “ By Twos ” with root condition of
the Positive-Negative and Negative-Positive conditions are
provided.
All the other couplets are treated briefly like root couplet.
General Method of the Couplet Patthana. The states of the
sections of the Couplets have to be known. These are to be
found in the Discourse on Elements. Then, by applying the
method given in the Faultless Triplet, the Classification and
Enumeration Chapters under the seven Chapters for each coup¬
let, together with the commons and combinations, can be
worked out. In this way the Couplet Patthana, given very
briefly in the Text, can be known completely.
3. Couplet-Triplet Patthana
Here each of the 100 couplets is taken as reference with each
section of each of the 22 Triplets as variants.
An Example with Root Couplet. The first couplet is " root
states ” and “ not-root states ”. This is taken as reference with
the faultless section of the faultless triplet. So when root states
are taken with faultless states, they are (1) root-faultless states.
And when not-root states are taken with faultless states, they
are (2) not-root-faultless states. These two form the root
I ntroduction
lxxv
couplet-faultless Patthana. Therefore, similar to the couplets
above, there are three sections, (i) root-faultless, (ii) not-root-
faultless, and (iii) root-faultless, not-root-faultless and the same
three sub-sections.
The Analytical Units. In this root couplet-faultless Patthana,
the analytical units for :
(1) root-faultless states are : three faultless roots
(2) not-root-faultless states are : 21 faultless consciousnesses
and 35 associated mental factors exclusive of the three
faultless roots.
Dependent Chapter. When the appropriate states are taken
for root condition under Dependent Chapter, which deals with
conascence condition, 9 answers are obtained, i.e. (i) 1-1,
(ii) 1-2, (iii) 1-1, 2, (iv) 2-2, (v) 2-1, (vi) 2-1, 2, (vii) 1, 2-1,
(viii) 1, 2-2, and (ix) 1, 2-1, 2. (1 = root-faultless ; 2 = not-
root-faultless.)
The answers are given but not the classified answers (i.e. the
states in the answers are not classified) that usually come after
the answers in the Classification Chapters. The full answers
with root-faultless as reference are :
(i) Dependent on root-faultless state, arises root-faultless
state by root condition. (This is the answer in the Text.)
Dependent on non-greed, arise non-hate and non-delusion ;
dependent on non-hate, arise non-greed and non-delusion ;
dependent on non-delusion, arise non-greed and non-hate.
(ii) Dependent on root-faultless state, arises not-root-fault¬
less state by root condition. (This is the answer in the Text.)
Dependent on root-faultless state, arise associated aggregates.
(iii) Dependent on root-faultless state, arise root-faultless
and not-root-faultless states by root condition. (This is the
answer in the Text.)
Dependent on non-greed, arise non-hate, non-delusion and
associated aggregates; dependent on non-hate, arise non¬
greed, non-delusion and associated aggregates ; dependent on
non-delusion, arise non-greed, non-hate and associated aggre¬
gates. (Synod Text, IV, p. 195 without the classified answers.)
Similarly, root couplet is taken as reference with the faulty
and indeterminate sections of the faultless triplet. Since each
lxxvi
Conditional Relations
of the ioo couplets has to be taken as reference with each of the
three sections of the 22 triplets, there are 100 X 3 X 22 =
6,600 sections of the Couplet-Triplet Patthana, each with its
own seven Chapters.
The classified answers are not generally given but only the
Single Enumerations. The translator has worked out all the
analytical states including those not given in the Text and all
the enumerations of this Couplet-Triplet Patthana.
Method of the Couplet-Triplet Patthana. The states of the
couplet-triplet sections have to be known. Then the appropriate
states are selected for the Chapters concerned. This is the
general method and will not be mentioned again.
The Difficulty of Patthana. From this Patthana onwards, the
direct answers, without the classified answers, are generally
given for root condition only and just the Single Enumerations.
This is another reason why Patthana is difficult.
4. Triplet-Couplet Patthana
Here each of the 22 triplets is taken as reference with each
section of the couplets as variants.
An example with Faultless Triplet. The three sections of the
faultless triplet are each taken with root states of the root
couplet. So there are :
(1) faultless-root states, i.e. the three faultless roots
(2) faulty-root states, i.e. the three faulty roots
(3) indeterminate-root states, i.e. the three indeterminate
roots.
These are the three sections to be taken as references with the
same three sub-sections.
Dependent Chapter. When the appropriate states are taken
for root condition under Dependent Chapter, three answers are
obtained, i.e. (i) 1-1, (ii) 2-2, and (iii) 3-3. (1 = faultless-root,
2 = faulty-root and 3 = indeterminate-root). The answers are
stated without classifying the states in them. The answers, as
usually given in the Classification Chapters, are :
(i) Dependent on faultless-root state, arises faultless-root
state by root condition.
Dependent on non-greed, arise non-hate and non-delusion ;
Introduction lxxvii
dependent on non-hate, arise non-greed and non-delusion ;
dependent on non-delusion, arise non-greed and non-hate.
(ii) Dependent on faulty-root state, arises faulty-root state
by root condition.
Dependent on greed, arises delusion ; dependent on delusion,
arises greed ; dependent on hate, arises delusion ; dependent
on delusion, arises hate.
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate-root state, arises indetermi¬
nate-root state by root condition.
{a) The classified answer is the same as (i) above.
( b) At the moment of conception . . . (the same as (i) above).
(Synod IV, p. 468—the classified answers are not
given.)
Here also there are many elisions, only the answers and a few
single enumerations being given. They should be expanded as
usual for 22 x 2 x 100 = 4,400 sections of this Patthana.
5. Triplet-Triplet Patthana
Here each of the 22 triplets is taken as reference with each
section of the other triplets as variants.
An Example with Faultless Triplet. The three sections of the
faultless triplet are each taken with the states associated with
pleasant feeling, the first section of the feeling triplet. So there
are :
(1) faultless states associated with pleasant feeling,
(2) faulty states associated with pleasant feeling,
(3) indeterminate states associated with pleasant feeling.
These are the three sections to be taken as references with the
same three sub-sections.
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of the above states
are found as follows :
(1) Since the states are faultless and associated with pleasant
feeling, out of the 37 faultless consciousnesses as expanded, only
those with pleasant feeling have to be taken. They are :
(a) 4 of the 8 great consciousnesses,
(b) 4 of the 9 lofty consciousnesses,
(c) 16 of the 20 Path-consciousnesses,
lxxviii Conditional Relations
i.e. a total of 24 faultless consciousnesses. The mental factors
associated with them are 37 exclusive of feeling.
(2) Since the states are faulty and associated with pleasant
feeling, out of the 12 faulty consciousnesses, those with pleasant
feeling are : 4 of the 8 greed-rooted consciousnesses. The
mental factors associated with them are 21 exclusive of feeling.
(3) Since the states are indeterminate and associated with
pleasant feeling, out of the 72 indeterminate consciousnesses,
those with pleasant feeling are :
(a) 3 of the 18 rootless consciousnesses. These are (i) body-
consciousness accompanied by pleasure, (ii) investi-
gating-consciousness accompanied by pleasant feeling,
and (iii) smile-consciousness of the Arahat,
(b) 8 of the 16 great consciousnesses (four each of resultant
and functional),
(c) 8 of the 18 lofty consciousnesses (four each of resultant
and functional),
(d) 16 of the 20 Fruition-consciousnesses,
i.e. a total of 35 indeterminate consciousnesses. The mental
factors associated with them are 37 exclusive of feeling.
Note .—In the study of Abhidhamma it is very essential to
know the analytical units. This is why The Buddha, on ex¬
pounding the Abhidhamma, gave them in detail at the begin¬
ning of the Dhammasangani. Again, in the Commentarial
Chapter of that Text, the analytical units of the Triplets and
Couplets, also dealt with in Patthana, are given in full. So if
there be doubts as to what these units are in the study of
Patthana, reference must be made to that Chapter as directed
in Expositor II, p. 519 : “ For the special doctrine which does
not come in the three Pitakas, being defined and determined by
the Commentarial Chapter, becomes well determined. It
behoves the Abhidhamma student who cannot note the method
of procedure in the entire Abhidhamma Pitaka, the framing of
queries, and the numerical series in the Great Book (Patthana)
to compare or bring them together from the Commentarial
Chapter only. ”
Dependent Chapter. When the appropriate states are taken
for root condition under Dependent Chapter, three answers are
I ntroduction
lxxix
obtained, i.e. (i) i-i, (ii) 2-2, and (iii) 3-3. (1 = faultless state
2 = faulty state associated
with pleasant feeling, 3 = indeterminate state associated with
pleasant feeling.)
Then, from the analytical units, the classified answers are
found. And when they are not given in the Text, they can be
included with the answers for the Classification Chapters. For
example, the analytical units found above are consciousnesses
and mental factors which, when classified under the aggregates
for Dependent Chapter, are the three mental aggregates, the
other aggregate, feeling, being excluded. So the answers for the
Classification Chapter with the three answers above are :
(i) Dependent on faultless state associated with pleasant
feeling, arises faultless state associated with pleasant feeling
by root condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate associated with
pleasant feeling, arise two aggregates ; dependent on two
aggregates, arises one aggregate.
(ii) Dependent on faulty state associated with pleasant
feeling, arises faulty state associated with pleasant feeling by
root condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate associated with pleasant
feelinn, arise two ... (as above).
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state associated with
pleasant feeling, arises indeterminate state associated with
pleasant feeling by root condition.
Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate associated with pleasant feeling, arise
two . . .
At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate associated with pleasant feeling, arise
two .... (Synod V, p. 1—the classified answers are not given.)
Similarly, faultless triplet is taken as reference with each of
the other two sections of the Feeling Triplet as variants. There
are altogether 22 x 3 X 21 = 1,386 sections of this Patthana.
6. Couplet-Couplet Patthana
Here each of the 100 couplets is taken as reference with each
section of the other couplets as variants.
associated with pleasant feeling,
lxxx
Conditional Relations
An Example with Root Couplet. The two sections of the root
couplet are each taken with the states which have associated
roots, the first section of the next couplet. So there are :
(1) states which are roots and associated with roots,
(2) states which are not roots but associated with roots.
Therefore, as with the Couplet Patthana, there are three
sections, (i) 1, (ii) 2, and (iii) 1, 2 and the same three sub-sections.
The Analytical Units. The analytical units for :
(1) are the six roots excluding delusion from the two delu¬
sion-rooted consciousnesses,
(2) are the 71 rooted consciousnesses and 46 mental factors
exclusive of the six roots.
Dependent Chapter. When the appropriate states are taken
for root condition under Dependent Chapter, 9 answers are
obtained, i.e. (i) 1-1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 1-1, 2, (iv) 2-2, (v) 2-1,
(vi) 2-1, 2, (vii) 1, 2-1, (viii) 1, 2-2, and (ix) 1, 2-1, 2, as in the
Couplet Patthana. The classified answers are also obtained as in
that Patthana. So the answers for the Classification Chapter are
briefly indicated :
(i) Dependent on state which is root and associated with root,
arises state which is root and associated with root by root
condition.
Dependent on non-greed, arise non-hate and non-delusion ;
dependent on non-hate, arise non-greed and non-delusion ;
dependent on non-delusion, arise non-greed and non-hate
(Synod V, p. 39—the classified answers are not given.)
Similarly, root couplet is taken as reference with the states
which have no associated roots, the second section of the next
couplet. There are altogether 100 x 2 X 99 = 19,800 sections
of this Patthana.
• •
B. Negative Method Division
In this Negative Method Division the six Patthanas are taken
in their negative forms. They are greatly condensed and so are
the remaining 12 Patthanas of the Positive-Negative Method
and Negative-Positive Method Divisions. But they can be
expanded in the way shown in the Positive Method Division
Introduction
lxxxi
by applying the methods given there. Numerous enumerations
are provided in this Division.
i. Triplet Patthana
An Example with Not-faultless Triplet. There are seven
sections and the same seven sub-sections as in the case of the
Faultless Triplet and so, here too, there are 49 questions.
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of (1) not-faultless,
(2) not-faulty and (3) not-indeterminate states of the not-
faultless triplet are :
States
(1) not-faultless (i.e. faulty and in¬
determinate) .
(2) not-faulty (i.e. faultless and in
determinate).
(3) not-indeterminate (i.e. faultless
and faulty).
Analytical units
12 faulty, 36 resultant, and 20 func
tional consciousnesses,
52 mental factors,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
21 faultless, 36 resultant, and 20 func
tional consciousnesses,
38 mental factors,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
21 faultless and 12 faulty conscious
nesses,
52 mental factors.
Dependent Chapter. When the appropriate states are taken
for root condition under Dependent Chapter, 29 answers are
obtained, i.e.
(1) With not-faultless as reference, (i) 1-1, (ii) 1-2, (iii) 1-3,
(iv) 1-1, 3, (v) 1-1, 2 (5 answers).
(2) With not-faulty as reference, (vi) 2-2, (vii) 2-1, (viii)
2- 3, (ix) 2-2, 3, (x) 2-1, 2 (5 answers).
(3) With not-indeterminate as reference, (xi) 3-3, (xii) 3-1,
(xiii) 3-2, (xiv) 3-1, 3, (xv) 3-2, 3 , (*vi) 3-1 > 2 (6 answers).
(4) With not-faultless, not-indeterminate as reference, (xvii)
1, 3-1, (xviii) 1, 3-2, (xix) 1, 3-3, (xx) 1, 3-1, 3, (xxi) 1, 3-1, 2
(5 answers).
(5) With not-faulty, not-indeterminate as reference, (xxii)
2, 3-1, (xxiii) 2, 3-2, (xxiv) 2, 3-3, (xxv) 2, 3-2, 3, (xxvi) 2,
3- 1, 2 (5 answers).
lxxxii Conditional Relations
(6) With not-faultless, not-faulty as reference, (xxvii) i, 2-1,
(xxviii) 1, 2-2, (xxix) i, 2-1, 2 (3 answers).
The classified answers can be worked out as shown in the
faultless triplet.
Investigation Chapter. For root condition, which belongs to
the conascence group of conditions, there are the same 29
answers. The Classification Chapter is given and begins with :
(i) Not-faultless state is related to not-faultless state by root
condition.
Not-faultless (i.e. faulty and indeterminate) roots are related
to (their) associated aggregates and mind-produced matter by
root condition ;
At the moment of conception, not-faultless (i.e. resultant
indeterminate) roots are related to (their) associated aggregates
and kamma-produced matter by root condition. (Synod V,
p- 63.)
This shows how the classified answers are obtained from the
answers and the analytical units.
The Other Triplets. The answers for the Classification
Chapters and the enumerations under the Seven Chapters have
also to be obtained for the Feeling Triplet and the rest of the
22 Triplets.
2. Couplet Patthana
Here it is seen that the sections of the couplets are the reverse
of those in the Positive Method Division. For example, in
[a) the Positive Method Division, the order of the sections of
the root couplet is (1) root states and (2) not-root states, and in
(b) this Negative Method Division, it is (1) not-root states
and (2) not not-root states, i.e. root states. The second there
becomes the first, and the first, the second. Here also there are
three sections, (i) not-root, (2) not not-root, and (3) not-root,
not not-root and the same three sub-sections.
Dependent Chapter. With the root couplet for root condition
under Dependent Chapter there are also 9 answers as in the
Positive Method Division. The Classification Chapter begins
with :
(i) Dependent on not-root state, arises not-root state by root
condition.
Introduction lxxxiii
Dependent on one not-root aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter ;
At the moment of conception, dependent on one not-root
aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-produced
matter. . . .
Dependent on one great primary, arise three great
primaries. . . . (Synod V, p. 75—classified answers are given.)
3. Couplet-Triplet Patthana
Analytical Units. The analytical units of the states of the
first couplet-triplet Patthana are :
States
Analytical units
(1) not-root and not-faultless.
12 faulty, 36 resultant, and 20 func¬
tional consciousnesses,
46 mental factors exclusive of the 6
roots,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(2) not-root and not-faulty.
21 faultless, 36 resultant, and 20 func¬
tional consciousnesses,
35 mental factors exclusive of 3 fault¬
less roots,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(3) not-root and not-indeterminate.
21 faultless and 12 faulty conscious¬
nesses,
46 mental factors exclusive of the 6
roots.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition under Dependent
Chapter there are 9 answers in the order given in the Positive
Method Division. The Classification Chapter begins with :
(i) Dependent on not-root and not-faultless state, arises not-
root and not-faultless state by root condition.
Dependent on one not-root and not-faultless (i.e. faulty and
indeterminate) aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
lxxxiv
Conditional Relations
aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on two aggre¬
gates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter. (Synod
V, p. 107—classified answers are given.)
4. Triplet-Couplet Patthana
The states of the first triplet-couplet Patthana are (1) not-
faultless and not-root, (2) not-faulty and not-root, and (3) not-
indeterminate and not-root. As in the case of the triplets, there
are seven sections, but only the first six can be taken as
references.
The Analytical Units . The analytical units of the six sections
are :
Sections
(1) Not-faultless and not-root.
(2) Not-faulty and not-root.
(3) Not-indeterminate and not-root.
(4) Not-faultless and not-root, not-
indeterminate and not-root (1
and 3).
(5) Not-faulty and not-root, not-in¬
determinate and not-root (2 and
3 )-
(6) Not-faultless and not-root, not-
faulty and not-root (1 and 2).
Analytical units
12 faulty, 36 resultant, and 20 func¬
tional consciousnesses,
46 mental factors exclusive of the 6
roots,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
21 faultless, 36 resultant, and 20 func¬
tional consciousnesses,
35 mental factors exclusive of the 3
faultless roots,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
21 faultless and 12 faulty conscious¬
nesses,
46 mental factors exclusive of the 6
roots.
12 faulty consciousnesses,
24 mental factors exclusive of the 3
faulty roots.
21 faultless consciousnesses,
35 mental factors exclusive of the 3
faultless roots.
36 resultant and 20 functional con¬
sciousnesses,
35 mental factors exclusive of the 3
indeterminate roots,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
These analytical units have to be found first so that the
appropriate ones can be selected for the various chapters and to
Introduction
lxxxv
obtain the enumerations. So Patthana cannot be understood if
• •
these analytical units are not known.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition under Dependent
Chapter, there are 29 answers which are in the same order as
those with the example given in the Triplet Patthana of this
Division. The classified answers are not given but an example
with the first answer for the Classification Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on not-faultless and not-root state, arises not-
faultless and not-root state by root condition.
Dependent on one not-faultless and not-root aggregate (i.e.
faulty, resultant and functional as shown above), arise three
aggregates and mind-produced matter; dependent on three
aggregates, arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ;
dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-
produced matter ;
At the moment of conception, dependent on one not-faultless
and not-root aggregate (i.e. resultant), arise three aggregates
and kamma-produced matter . . . dependent on two aggregates,
arise two aggregates and kamma-produced matter ; dependent
on aggregates, arises (heart-) base ; dependent on (heart-) base,
arise aggregates ;
Dependent on one great primary, arise three great primaries ;
dependent on three great primaries, arises one great primary ;
dependent on two great primaries, arise two great primaries ;
dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced and kamma-
produced derived matter. (Synod V, p. 127—classified answers
are not given.)
It will be found that these classified answers are the same as
those for root condition in the Faultless Triplet of the Triplet
Patthana in the Positive Method Division.
• *
«
5. Triplet-Triplet Patthana
The states of the first triplet-triplet Patthana are (1) not-
faultless and not associated with pleasant feeling, (2) not-faulty
and not-associated with pleasant feeling, and (3) not-indeter-
minate and not associated with pleasant feeling. Here also, as
in the previous Patthana, only six out of the seven sections can
be taken as references.
lxxxvi
Conditional Relations
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of the six sections
are :
Sections
(i) Not-faultless and not associated
with pleasant feeling.
(2) Not-faulty and not associated
with pleasant feeling.
(3) Not-indeterminate and not assoc¬
iated with pleasant feeling.
(4) Not-faultless and not associated
with pleasant feeling, not-indeter¬
minate and not associated with
pleasant feeling (1 and 3).
(5) Not-faulty and not associated
with pleasant feeling, not-in¬
determinate and not associated
with pleasant feeling (2 and 3).
(6) Not-faultless and not associated
with pleasant feeling, not-faulty
and not associated with pleasant
feeling (1 and 2).
Analytical units
3 cons, accompanied by pain,
6 faulty, 25 resultant, and 11 func¬
tional cons, accompanied by neither
painful nor pleasant feeling,
51 mental factors exclusive of rapture,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
body-cons, accompanied by pain,
13 faultless, 25 resultant, and 11 func¬
tional cons, accompanied by neither
painful nor pleasant feeling,
37 mental factors exclusive of rapture,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
2 hate-rooted cons.,
13 faultless and 6 faulty cons, accom¬
panied by neither painful nor pleasant
feeling,
51 mental factors exclusive of rapture.
2 hate-rooted cons.,
6 faulty cons, accompanied by neither
painful nor pleasant feeling,
26 mental factors exclusive of rapture.
13 faultless cons, accompanied by
neither painful nor pleasant feeling,
37 mental factors exclusive of rapture.
body-cons, accompanied by pain,
25 resultant and 11 functional cons,
accompanied by neither painful nor
pleasant feeling,
37 mental factors exclusive of rapture,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition under Dependent
Chapter, there are 29 answers in the order usual for them above.
There are no classified answers in the Text but an example with
the first answer for the Classification Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on not-faultless state not associated with
pleasant feeling, arises not-faultless state not associated with
pleasant feeling by root condition.
Dependent on one not-faultless aggregate not associated with
pleasant feeling, arise three aggregates and mind-produced
Introduction
lxxxvii
matter . . . dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates
and mind-produced matter ;
At the moment of conception, dependent on one not-faultless
(i.e. resultant) aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-
produced matter . . . (Synod V, p. 147—the classified answers
are not given.)
6. Couplet-Couplet Patthana
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of the states of the
first couplet-couplet Patthana are :
States
(1) Not-root states which have no
associated roots.
(2) Not not-root states which have no
associated roots.
Analvtical units
*
18 rootless cons.,
12 mental factors,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
delusion of the 2 delusion-rooted cons.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition there are three
answers (i) 1-1, (ii) 2-1, and (iii) 1, 2-1. An example with the
first answer for the Classification Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on not-root state which has no associated
root, arises not-root state which has no associated root by root
condition.
Dependent on one great primary, arise three great pri¬
maries . . . dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced
and kamma-produced derived matter. (Synod V, p. 169—there
are no classified answers.)
Note .—Since the mental states are 18 rootless consciousnesses,
there cannot be classified answers with them for root condition
but only with material states.
C. Positive-Negative Method Division
In the Positive and Negative Method Divisions the sections as
references and the sub-sections as variants were both positive
and both negative respectively. But in this Positive-Negative
lxxxviii Conditional Relations
Method Division the sections are positive and the sub-sections
are negative. This can be clearly seen from the following exam¬
ples of the questions in their respective Divisions, (i) Positive
Method, (2) Negative Method, and (3) Positive-Negative
Method:
Dependent on
(1) faultless state, may there arise faultless state by root
condition ?
(2) not-faultless state, may there arise not-faultless state by
root condition ?
(3) faultless state, may there arise not-faultless state by root
condition ?
Triplet Patthana
For the Faultless Triplet of this Division the seven sections
and sub-sections are :
Sections
(1) (iP) faultless.
(2) (2P) faulty.
( 3 ) ( 3 P) indeterminate,
(4) (iP, 3P) faultless, indeterminate
(5) (2P, 3P) faulty, indeterminate.
(6) (iP, 2P) faultless, faulty.
(7) (iP, 2P, 3P) faultless, faulty, in¬
determinate (i.e. all).
Sub-sections
(iN) not-faultless (i.e. faulty and in¬
determinate.
(2N) not-faulty (i.e. faultless and in¬
determinate.
(3N) not-indeterminate (i.e. faultless
and faulty).
(iN, 3N) not-faultless, not-indeter¬
minate (i.e. faulty).
(2N, 3N) not-faulty, not-indetermi¬
nate (i.e. faultless).
(iN, 2N) not-faultless, not-faulty (i.e.
indeterminate).
(iN, 2N, 3N) not-faultless, not-faulty,
not-indeterminate (i.e. nil).
With each section as reference, questions can be asked with
each of the seven sub-sections. Therefore, there are 49 questions.
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of the first three
sections and sub-sections are given below and, by knowing
them, those for the rest can be found. Although they were
dealt with separately in the Faultless Triplet Patthanas of the
Divisions concerned, they are repeated here for ready reference.
Introduction
lxxxix
(iP) Faultless
(iN) Not-faultless
21 faultless cons.,
38 assoc, m.f.
12 faulty, 36 resultant, and 20 func¬
tional cons.,
52 assoc, m.f.,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(2P) Faulty
(2N) Not-faulty
12 faulty cons.,
27 assoc, m.f.
21 faultless, 36 resultant, and 20 func¬
tional cons.,
38 assoc, m.f.,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(3P) Indeterminate
(3N) Not-indeterminate
36 resultant and 20 functional cons.,
38 assoc, m.f.,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
21 faultless and 12 faulty cons.,
52 assoc, m.f.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition under Dependent
Chapter there are 19 answers. These are :
(1) With faultless as reference, (i) 1P-1N, (ii) 1P-2N, (iii)
1P-3N, (iv) 1P-2N, 3N, (v) 1P-1N, 2N (5 answers).
(2) With faulty as reference, (i) 2P-2N, (ii) 2P-1N, (iii) 2P-
3N, (iv) 2P-1N, 3N, (v) 2P-1N, 2N (5 answers).
(3) With indeterminate as reference, (i) 3P-1N, (ii) 3P-2N,
(iii) 3 P-iN, 2N (3 answers).
(4) With faultless, indeterminate as reference, (i) iP, 3P-1N,
(ii) iP, 3P-2N, (iii) iP, 3P-1N, 2N (3 answers).
(5) With faulty, indeterminate as reference, (i) 2P, 3P-1N,
(ii) 2P, 3P-2N, (iii) 2P, 3P-1N, 2N (3 answers).
The Classification Chapter begins with :
(i) Dependent on faultless state, arises not-faultless state by
root condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter. (Synod V, p. 187—classified answers are given.)
xc
Conditional Relations
2. Couplet Patthana
For the root couplet of this Division the three sections and
sub-sections are :
Sections
Sub-sections
(1) (iP) root.
(iN) not-root.
(2) (2P) not-root.
(2N) not not-root (i.e. root).
(3) (iP, 2P) root, not-root.
(iN, 2N) not-root, not not-root.
With each section as reference, questions can be asked with each
of the three sub-sections. Therefore there are 9 questions.
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of the first two
sections and sub-sections are :
(iP) Root
(iN) Not-root
6 roots.
89 consciousnesses,
46 mental factors exclusive of the 6 roots,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(2P) — (iN) above, i.e. not-root.
(2N) = (iP) above, i.e. root.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition there are 9 answers,
i.e. all the questions have answers. They are :
(1) With root as reference, (i) 1P-1N, (ii) 1P-2N, (iii) 1P-1N,
2N.
(2) With not-root as reference, (i) 2P-2N, (ii) 2P-1N, (iii)
2P-1N, 2N.
(3) With root, not-root as reference, (i) iP, 2P-1N, (ii) iP,
2P-2N, (iii) iP, 2P-1N, 2N.
The Classification Chapter begins with :
(i) Dependent on root state, arises not-root state by root
condition.
Dependent on root state, arise associated aggregates and
mind-produced matter;
At the moment of conception, dependent on root state, arise
I ntroduction
xci
associated aggregates and kamma-produced matter. (Synod V,
p. 211—classified answers are given.)
3. Couplet-Triplet Patthana
For the first couplet-triplet, i.e. root-faultless, of this
Division, the three sections and sub-sections are :
Sections
Sub-sections
(1) (iP) root-faultless.
(2) (2P) not-root-faultless.
(3) (iP, 2P) root-faultless, not-root-
faultless.
(iN) not-root-not-faultless.
(2N) not not-root-not-faultless.
(iN, 2N) not-root-not-faultless, not
not-root-not-faultless.
Here also there are 9 questions.
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of the first two
sections and sub-sections are :
(iP) root-faultless
(iN) not-root-not-faultless
3 faultless roots.
12 faulty, 36 resultant, and 20 func¬
tional cons.,
46 mental factors exclusive of the 6
roots,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(2P) not-root-faultless
(2N) not not-root-not-faultless
21 faultless cons.,
3 faulty and 3 indeterminate (i.e.
35 mental factors exclusive of the 3
faultless roots.
resultant and functional) roots.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition there are three
answers, i.e.:
(1) With root-faultless as reference, (i) 1P-1N.
(2) With not-root-faultless as reference, (i) 2P-1N.
(3) With root-faultless, not-root-faultless as reference, (i) iP,
2P-1N.
An example with the first answer for the Classification Chapter
is :
(i) Dependent on root-faultless state, arises not-root-not-
faultless state by root condition.
Conditional Relations
xcii
Dependent on root-faultless state, arises mind-produced
matter. (Synod V, p. 229—classified answers are not given.)
4. Triplet-Couplet Patthana
For the first triplet-couplet Patthana there are seven sections
and sub-sections as with those of the other Divisions. The first
three of them are :
Sections
Sub-sections
(1) (iP) faultless-root.
(2) (2P) faulty-root.
( 3 ) (3P) indeterminate-root.
(iN) not-faultless-not-root.
(2N) not-faulty-not-root.
(3N) not-indeterminate-not-root.
The others are (4) (iP, 3P) and (iN, 3N), (5) (2P, 3P) and
(2N, 3N), (6) (iP, 2P) and (iN, 2N), (7) (iP, 2P, 3P) and
(iN, 2N, 3 N).
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of the above three
sections and sub-sections are :
(iP) faultless-root
(iN) not-faultless-not-root
3 faultless roots.
12 faulty, 36 resultant, and 20 functional
cons.,
46 mental factors exclusive of the 6 roots,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(2P) faulty-root
(2N) not-faulty-not-root
3 faulty roots.
21 faultless, 36 resultant, and 20 functional
cons.,
35 mental factors exclusive of the 3 fault¬
less roots,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(3P) indeterminate-root
(3N) not-indeterminate-not-root
3 resultant and functional roots.
21 faultless and 12 faulty cons.,
46 mental factors exclusive of the 6 roots.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition under Dependent
Chapter there are 13 answers. These are :
(1) With faultless-root as reference, (i) 1P-1N, (ii) 1P-2N,
(iii) 1P-3N, (iv) 1P-2N, 3N, (v) 1P-1N, 2N (5 answers).
Introduction xciii
(2) With faulty-root as reference, (i) 2P-2N, (ii) 2 P-iN,
(iii) 2P-3N, (iv) 2P-1N, 3N, (v) 2P-1N, 2N (5 answers).
(3) With indeterminate-root as reference, (i) 3P-1N, (ii)
3P-2N, (iii) 3P-1N, 2N (3 answers).
An example with the first answer for the Classification
Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on faultless-root state, arises not-faultless-
not-root state by root condition.
Dependent on faultless-root state, arises mind-produced
matter. (Synod V, p. 261—classified answers are not given.)
5. Triplet-Triplet Patthana
The first three sections and sub-sections of the first triplet-
triplet Patthana are :
Sections
Sub-sections
(1) (iP) faultless associated with
pleasant feeling.
(2) (2P) faulty associated with plea¬
sant feeling.
(3) (3P) indeterminate associated
with pleasant feeling.
(iN) not-faultless not associated with
pleasant feeling.
(2N) not-faulty not associated with
pleasant feeling.
(3N) not-indeterminate not associated
with pleasant feeling.
The others are (4) (iP, 3P) and (iN, 3N), (5) (2P, 3P) and
(2N, 3N), (6) (iP, 2P) and (iN, 2N), (7) (iP, 2P, 3P) and
(IN, 2N, 3 N).
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of the above
three sections and sub-sections are :
(iP) faultless associated with
pleasant feeling
(iN) not-faultless not associated with
pleasant feeling
24 (expanded) faultless cons, accom¬
panied by pleasant feeling,
37 mental factors exclusive of feeling.
3 cons, accompanied by pain,
6 faulty, 25 resultant, and ii func¬
tional cons, accompanied by neither
painful nor pleasant feeling,
51 mental factors exclusive of rapture,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
xciv
Conditional Relations
(2P) faulty associated with
pleasant feeling
(2N) not-faulty not associated with
pleasant feeling
4 faulty cons, accompanied by plea¬
sant feeling,
21 mental factors exclusive of feeling.
body-cons, accompanied by pain,
13 faultless, 25 resultant, and n func¬
tional cons, accompanied by neither
painful nor pleasant feeling,
37 mental factors exclusive of rapture,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(3P) indeterminate associated with
pleasant feeling
(3N) not-indeterminate not
associated with pleasant feeling
35 indeterminate cons, accompanied
by pleasant feeling,
37 mental factors exclusive of feeling.
2 hate-rooted cons.,
13 faultless, 6 faulty cons, accom¬
panied by neither painful nor pleasant
feeling,
51 mental factors exclusive of rapture.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition under Dependent
Chapter there are 13 answers which are in the same order as
those in the triplet-couplet Patthana above. An example with
the first answer for the Classification Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on faultless state associated with pleasant
feeling, arises not-faultless state not associated with pleasant
feeling by root condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates associated with pleasant
feeling, arises mind-produced matter. (Synod V, p. 309—
classified answers are not given.)
6. Couplet-Couplet Patthana
For the first couplet-couplet Patthana the three sections and
sub-sections are :
Sections
(1) (iP) root which has associated
root.
(2) (2P) not-root which has asso¬
ciated root.
(3) (iP, 2P) root which has asso¬
ciated root, not-root which has
associated root.
Sub-sections
(iN) not-root which has no associated
root.
(2N) not not-root which has no asso¬
ciated root.
(iN, 2N) not-root which has no asso¬
ciated root, not not-root which has no
associated root.
Introduction
xcv
The Analytical Units. The analytical units of the first two
sections and sub-sections are :
J
(iP) root which has associated root
(iN) not-root which has no
associated root
6 roots exclusive of delusion from the
2 delusion-rooted cons.
18 rootless cons.,
12 mental factors,
28 matter,
Nibbana.
(2P) not-root which has associated
root
(2N) not not-root which has no
associated root
71 rooted cons.,
46 mental factors exclusive of the 6
roots.
delusion from the 2 delusion-rooted
cons.
Dependent Chapter. For root condition under Dependent
Chapter there are the three answers :
(1) With root which has associated root as reference, (i)
1P-1N.
(2) With not-root which has associated root as reference,
(i) 2P-1N.
(3) With root which has associated root, not-root which has
associated root as reference, (i) iP, 2P-1N.
An example with the first answer for the Classification
Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on root state which has associated root, arises
not-root state which has no associated root by root condition.
Dependent on roots which have rooted aggregates, arises
mind-produced matter ;
At the moment of conception, dependent on roots which have
rooted aggregates, arises kamma-produced matter. (Synod V,
p. 329—classified answers are not given.)
D. Negative-Positive Method Division
The whole of this Negative-Positive Method Division is the
reverse of the preceding Positive—Negative Method Division,
i.e. the sub-sections, which are negative states denoted by N, are
xcvi Conditional Relations
now the sections, and the sections, which are positive states
denoted by P, are now the sub-sections. The analytical units
under N and P are the same and will not be given here. The
answers, of course, are not the same.
i. Triplet Patthana
Dependent Chapter. In the faultless triplet, the first triplet,
root condition has 18 answers. These are :
(1) With not-faultless (iN) as reference, (i) 1N-2P, (ii) iN-
3P, (iii) 1N-2P, 3P.
(2) With not-faulty (2N) as reference, (i) 2N-1P, (ii) 2N-3P,
(iii) 2N-1P, 3P.
(3) With not-indeterminate (3N) as reference, (i) 3N-3P,
(ii) 3N-1P, (iii) 3N-2P, (iv) 3N-1P, 3P, (v) 3N-2P, 3P.
(4) With not-faultless, not-indeterminate (iN, 3N) as
reference, (i) iN, 3N-2P, (ii) iN, 3N-3P, (iii) iN, 3N-
2P, 3P.
(5) With not-faulty, not-indeterminate (2N, 3N) as reference,
(i) 2N, 3N-1P, (ii) 2N, 3N-3P, (iii) 2N, 3N-1P, 3P.
(6) With not-faultless, not-faulty (iN, 2N) as reference,
(i) iN, 2N-3P.
An example with the first answer for the Classification
Chapter is:
(i) Dependent on not-faultless state, arises faulty state by
root condition.
Dependent on one not-faultless (i.e. faulty) aggregate, arise
three aggregates ; dependent on three aggregates, arises one
aggregate ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(Synod V, p. 353—classified answers are not given.)
2. Couplet Patthana
Dependent Chapter. In the root couplet, the first couplet, root
condition has 9 answers. These are :
(1) With not-root (iN) as reference, (i) 1N-1P, (ii) 1N-2P,
(iii) 1N-1P, 2P.
(2) With not not-root (2N) as reference, (i) 2N-2P, (ii) 2N-
iP, (iii) 2N-1P, 2P.
Introduction
xcvn
(3) With not-root, not not-root (iN, 2N) as reference, (i) iN,
2N-1P, (ii) iN, 2N-2P, (iii) iN, 2N-1P, 2P.
An example with the first answer for the Classification
Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on not-root state, arises root state by root
condition.
Dependent on not-root aggregates, arise roots ;
At the moment of conception, dependent on not-root
aggregates, arise (rebirth) roots ; dependent on (heart-)base,
arise (three rebirth) roots. (Synod V, p. 365—classified answers
are not given.)
3. Couplet-Triplet Patthana
Dependent Chapter. In the first couplet-triplet Patthana.
there are no answers for root condition under Dependent
Chapter. The reason is that there are no conascent conditioning
and conditioned states with which this Chapter deals.
Conditioned Chapter. For root condition under this Chapter
there are three answers. These are :
With not-root-not-faultless (iN) as reference, (i) 1N-1P,
(ii) 1N-2P, (iii) 1N-1P, 2P.
An example with the first answer for the Classification
Chapter is :
(i) Conditioned by not-root-not-faultlcss state, arises root-
faultless state by root condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise root-faultless aggregates.
(Synod V, p. 379—classified answers are not given.)
4. Triplet-Couplet Patthana
Dependent Chapter. In the first triplet-couplet Patthana, root
condition has 9 answers. These are :
(1) With not-faultless-not-root (iN) as reference, (i) 1N-2P,
(ii) 1N-3P.
(2) With not-faulty-not-root (2N) as reference, (i) 2N-1P,
(ii) 2N-3P.
G
xcviii Conditional Relations
(3) With not-indeterminate-not-root (3N) as reference,
(i) 3N-1P, (ii) 3N-2P.
(4) With not-faultless-not-root, not-indeterminate-not-
root (iN, 3N) as reference, (i) iN, 3N-2P.
(5) With not-faulty-not-root, not-indeterminate-not-root
(2N, 3N) as reference, (i) 2N, 3N-1P.
(6) With not-faultless-not-root, not-faulty-not-root (iN,
2N) as reference, (i) iN, 2N-3P.
The example with the first answer for the Classification
Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on not-faultless-not-root state, arises faulty-
root state by root condition.
Dependent on not-faultless-not-root (i.e. faulty) aggregates,
arise faulty roots. (Synod V, p. 413—classified answers are not
given.)
5. Triplet-Triplet Patthana
Dependent Chapter. In the first triplet-triplet Patthana, root
condition has 9 answers. These are :
(1) With not-faultless not associated with pleasant feeling
(iN) as reference, (i) 1N-2P, (ii) 1N-3P.
(2) With not-faulty not associated with pleasant feeling
(2N) as reference, (i) 2N-1P, (ii) 2N-3P.
(3) With not-indeterminate not associated with pleasant
feeling (3N) as reference, (i) 3N-1P, (ii) 3N-2P.
(4) With not-faultless not associated with pleasant feeling,
not-indeterminate not associated with pleasant feeling
(iN, 3N) as reference, (i) iN, 3N-2P.
(5) With not-faulty not associated with pleasant feeling,
not-indeterminate not associated with pleasant feeling
(2N, 3N) as reference, (i) 2N, 3N-1P.
(6) With not-faultless not associated with pleasant feeling,
not-faulty not associated with pleasant feeling (iN,
2N) as reference, (i) iN, 2N-3P.
An example with the first answer for the Classification
Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on not-faultless state not associated with
Introduction
xcix
pleasant feeling, arises faulty state associated with pleasant
feeling by root condition.
Dependent on one not-faultless (i.e. faulty) aggregate not
associated with pleasant feeling, arise three aggregates ; depen¬
dent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates. (Synod V, p. 444—
classified answers are not given.)
6. Couplet-Couplet Patthana
Dependent Chapter. In the first couplet-couplet Patthana, root
condition has 4 answers. These are :
(1) With not-root which has no associated root (iN) as
reference, (i) 1N-1P, (ii) 1N-2P, (iii) 1N-1P, 2P.
(2) With not not-root which has no associated root (2N) as
reference, (i) 2N-2P.
An example with the first answer for the Classification
Chapter is :
(i) Dependent on not-root state which has no associated root,
arises root state which has associated root by root condition.
At the moment of conception, dependent on (heart-)base,
arise (rebirth) roots. (Synod V, p. 469—classified answers are
not given.)
It will be seen from the above that Patthana deals with all
• •
the ultimate realities and all the conditions in all their various
combinations. The Text, of course, does not provide all the
numbers of answers in the Enumeration Chapters or all the
answers and the classifications of the states in those answers in
the Classification Chapters. But what is given is sufficient to
find out the underlying methods by which these facts and figures
are obtained. And once the methods are known, they can be
applied to expand the elisions in both of those Chapters. The
Burmese Mahatheras of old estimated that if the Patthana
Text, as expanded, were to be put into print there would be
three cartloads of books.
Although some useful information can be gathered from the
classified answers in the Text, the reader can only wonder how
the numbers of answers to the different sets of questions could
c
Conditional Relations
be directly given. But Patthana is interesting only when the
methods for arriving at these answers are known. This is why
an idea of some of the methods and their applications is given in
this Introduction. But, as mentioned earlier, more details of
the various methods, with explanations and illustrations, must
be given to enable the reader to work out all the answers and
thereby acquire complete understanding of this vast subject.
Of course, as has been emphasized, knowledge of the analytical
units of the triplets and couplets, which form the table of con¬
tents of the seven books of Abhidhamma, is a prerequisite. And
the reason why Abhidhamma is still flourishing in Burma is that
there are treatises (Akauks) on the analytical units of Dham-
masanganl, Dhatu-katha, Yamaka and Patthana which were
compiled by Burmese Mahatheras of the past. But even though
one may be well-versed in these analytical units it will not be
possible to work out the answers unless the methods of utilizing
them are pointed out. The Buddha had to teach the methods to
His chief disciple, the Elder Sariputta, who was endowed with
analytical knowledge and, as stated in the Expositor I, p. 20 :
“ To the Elder also the doctrine taught by the Blessed One in
hundreds and thousands of methods became very clear.” And
on the next page it is mentioned that “ The textual order of the
Abhidhamma originated with Sariputta ; the numerical series
in the Great Book (Patthana) was also determined by him. In
this way the Elder, without spoiling the unique doctrine, laid
down the numerical series in order to make it easy to learn,
remember, study and teach the Law.”
The Ocean of Method
A person looking at the ocean, which has not been measured,
will not know its exact measurements, but at least he will be
able to form an estimate of its vastness. In the same way the
reader who has gone through this Introduction to Patthana will
be able to form an estimate that Patthana consists of in-
• •
numerable methods ; that it is very expansive and that it is the
province of Omniscience.
Of the four oceans (1) the ocean of repeated births, (2) the
ocean of waters, (3) the ocean of method, and (4) the ocean of
knowledge, the ocean of method is Patthana. In the Expositor
Introduction
ci
I, p. 14, it is stated as follows : “ Which is the ocean of method ?
The three Pitakas, the word of the Buddha. For in reflecting
upon the two Pitakas, infinite rapturous joy arises in the sons of
clansmen who are faithful, abundantly believing and endowed
with superior knowledge. Which are the two ? The Vinaya and
the Abhidhamma. Infinite rapturous joy arises in those bhik-
khus who learn the Vinaya text and reflect that it is the province
of the Buddhas, and not of others, to lay down the rule for each
fault or transgression according to its gravity.
Infinite rapturous joy also arises in the brethren when
reflecting on implications of things supernormal, of colours and
of good conduct.
Again, the bhikkhus, who study the Abhidhamma, experience
infinite rapturous joy in reflecting. As though grouping the
multitude of stars in the sky (into constellations), the Teacher
taught things mental and material, dividing them into various
parts and portions—things subtle and abstruse such as the
unique content of aggregates, sense-organs, elements, con¬
trolling faculties, powers, factors of wisdom, kamma and its
result; and the distinction between mind and matter. Con¬
sider this story of such an experience. The Elder Mahagati-
gamiyatissa crossed over to the opposite shore of India with the
intention of paying homage to the Wisdom Tree. Seated on the
upper deck of the boat he looked at the great ocean ; but
neither the thither nor the hither shore appeared to his vision.
There appeared only the great ocean, strewn with foam thrown
off by the breaking of the billows, and looking like a sheet of
silver spread out on a bed of jasmine flowers. He thought to
himself : Which is more extraordinary—the heaving of the
ocean waves, or the basis of the method of the twenty-four
divisions in the Great Book ? Then the limits of the great ocean
became apparent to him. Indeed, he thought to himself : This
ocean is limited, below by the earth, above by the sky, on one
side by the mountain encircling the world-system, and on the
other by the seashore. But the limits of the universal Patthana
are not apparent. And abundant rapture arose in him, as he
reflected on the subtle and abstruse Law. Arresting his rapture
and increasing his insight even while he was seated, he threw off
all the corruptions, and being established in the topmost
Conditional Relations
Cll
Fruition which is Arahantship, he exulted in this song of
ecstasy :
He is the true disciple of the Sage
Who sees, like a bright jewel in his hand,
Root-causes, from which all becoming is—
Lore deep and hard to know, which the Great Sage
Intuited, and all in order taught.
This is the ocean of method.”
The Abhidhamma was Expounded Only by the Buddha
In the Preface to the Discourse on Elements, U Thein Nyun
gave reasons to prove that the Abhidhamma was expounded by
the Buddha. Here other reasons will be given, together with
appropriate quotations, in confirmation of this fact.
When the systematic exposition of Patthana, dealt with
above, is frankly considered, the only conclusion that will be
arrived at, is that this is the province of Omniscience and that
no disciple could have attained that knowledge or have the
ability to expound it on his own. The Expositor II, p. 519
states this as : “ What is known as Abhidhamma is not the
province nor the sphere of a disciple ; it is the province, the
sphere of the Buddhas (Omniscient Ones).”
Some are of the opinion that the Abhidhamma was compiled
from the Suttas. Again, there are some who are of the opinion
that the Abhidhamma was compiled from the Suttas. But this
cannot be so. For the subject matter of the Dhammasangam is
not to be found in any of the Suttas. In the case of the Suttanta
couplets given there, they were expounded by Sariputta and
not by the Buddha. This is stated in the Expositor I, p. 11 :
“ Thence whence arose the other forty-two (Suttanta) couplets ?
By whom were they laid down and taught ? They originated
with Sariputta, Generalissimo of the Law, having been laid
down and taught by him. But he did not lay them down through
his own self-evolved knowledge. They have been gathered from
the Eka-Nipata and Duka-Nipata of the Anguttara-Nikaya,
the Sangiti and Dasuttarasuttantas of the Dlgha-Nikaya, in
order to help students of the Abhidhamma in their references to
the Suttantas.”
Introduction
cm
The Suttanta Classification of Vibhanga and the Puggalapan-
nati were expounded for the deliverance of those devas and
brahmas who were not intelligent enough to understand the
abstruse Abhidhamma. But the Abhidhamma Classification
and Catechism of Vibhanga are not to be found in their com¬
pleteness in any of the Suttas. Besides, the subjects dealt with
in Dhatu-katha, Yamaka and Patthana are not to be found in
* • •
the Suttas. Thus the opinion that the Abhidhamma was com¬
piled from the Suttas does not hold water.
To dispel the views (/) that the Abhidhamma was not expounded
by The Buddha, (2) that it was a later addition, and (5) that it was
non-existent during The Buddha's time.
(1) Some hold the view tljat the Abhidhamma was not
expounded by The Buddha. It is quite true that the Abhid¬
hamma was not expounded by The Buddha in the human world.
The reason for this, already explained in the Discourse on
Elements, is that the audience would not be able to remain in
the same posture during the whole period that the Abhid¬
hamma was expounded, since a discourse is always completed
by The Buddha at one sitting. But Sariputta preached
Abhidhamma to five hundred bhikkhus, his own pupils, when
the method was taught to him by The Buddha.
(2) As for the view that the Abhidhamma was added later,
one should ask, " By whom was this done ? ” If there were any
person capable of compiling this profound and abstruse Pitaka,
then his name would still be famous today. But because this
Pitaka cannot be ascribed to any such person it has been
assumed that it came into existence after the Third Council.
This, however, is an entirely false view.
(3) The Abhidhamma was in existence during The Buddha's
time. This can be proved from the following passages in the
Book of the Discipline, Vol. Ill :
(a) p. 415. “ Not given leave means : without asking (for
permission). Should ask a question means : if, having asked for
leave in regard to Suttanta, she asks about Discipline or about
Abhidhamma, there is an offence of expiation. If, having asked
for leave in regard to Abhidhamma, she asks about Suttanta or
about Discipline, there is an offence of expiation.”
(b) p. 42. “ There is no offence if, not desiring to disparage,
Conditional Relations
civ
he speaks, saying : ‘ Look here, do you master suttantas or
verses or what is extra to dhamma (i.e. Abhidhamma) 1 and
afterwards you will master discipline ’ ; if he is mad, if he is the
first wrong-doer.”
These passages clearly show that Abhidhamma was in
existence during The Buddha’s time because rules about it were
laid down by Him.
Also in Middle Length Sayings 7 , p. 270, Sariputta told The
Buddha about the question he put to Moggallana and the reply
he received, which are ”... ‘ by what type of monk, reverend
Moggallana, would the Gosinga sal-wood be illumined ? ’
When I had spoken thus, Lord, the venerable Moggallana the
Great spoke thus to me : ‘ In this connection, reverend
Sariputta, two monks are talking on Further dhamma 2 ; they
ask one another questions; in answering one another's
questions they respond and do not fail, and their talk on
dhamma is one that goes forward. By a monk of such a type,
reverend Sariputta, would the Gosinga sal-wood be illumined.’ ”
To this The Buddha said, ” It is good, Sariputta, it is good.
It is so that Moggallana, in answering you properly, should
answer. For Sariputta, Moggallana is a talker on dhamma.” 3 * * * *
Again, at the time The Buddha returned to Sarikassanagara
from Tavatimsa, the realm of 33 gods, Sariputta, in Sariputta
Sutta, uttered the following in praise of The Buddha :
” Erst have I never seen
Nor heard of one with voice
So sweet as his who came
From Tusita to teach.”
1 » 8 It is Abhidhamma and it is specifically stated in the Burmese Editions.
In the Translator’s Introduction, p. xi, to The Book of the Discipline, Vol. Ill,
it is stated, “ Abhi- prefixed to a noun has in general an intensive meaning of
higher, super, additional; and it can also mean ‘ concerning * pertaining
to Thus for the compound abhidhamma, we get some such phrase as ' the
higher doctrine ’, ' further, extra doctrine or ' what pertains to the doctrine '.
It is possible that the cleavage between these two is not very great.”
3 “ Moggallana is called chief of those of psychic power, A.i.23. MA.ii.256
explains that * abhidhamma-men, having come to knowledge of subtle points,
having increased their vision, can achieve a supermundane state Non-
abhidhamma-men get muddled between ‘ own doctrine ’ (sakavada) and
‘ other doctrine ’ (paravada).”
Introduction
cv
(Suttanipata verse No. 955 translated by E. M. Hare, p. 139).
The Harvard Oriental Series, p. 229, gives this translation :
" I ne’er have seen nor ever yet heard tell
Of such a sweet-tongued Master coming down
From Tusita on high to teach the world."
This verse is also found in Mahaniddesa (Sixth Synod, p. 386),
where there is a detailed commentary on it. The following is the
commentary on the first line : "At the time The Buddha, after
having resided for the period of Lent on the Pandukambala
Stone at the foot of the Coral tree in Tavatimsa, came down to
Sankassanagara by the middle pearl stairway surrounded by
devas, I, Sariputta, had never before, with my own eyes and
body, seen The Buddha with such a splendid countenance."
When Sariputta, based on the methods given by The Buddha,
preached Abhidhamma to his pupils, The Buddha not only
stated that He had expounded the Abhidhamma in Tavatimsa
but also narrated this Sariputta Sutta to be left behind as
evidence of having done so for the later generations. The
Mahaniddesa was included in the Three Councils.
The next verse No. 956 of Suttanipata, which is also found on
p. 386 of Mahaniddesa is :
" Devas and men to lead
Lo! he as seer appears :
The one who routing gloom
Outright in rapture dwelt."
Harvard Oriental Series has this translation :
" Of gods and men—as stands reveal'd in Him,
Th’all-seeing Lord, who swept all mists away
And compassed bliss, unaided and alone."
The meaning is : The Buddha with Exalted Eye and the
Unrivalled One, after driving away the darkness so that men
and devas were able to see one another, abided in bliss. The
Mahaniddesa adds : " The Buddha was seen by men just as
devas did while He was sitting on the Pandukambala Stone at
the foot of the Coral tree and preaching."
These two verses tell us what Sariputta stated (to The
CV1
Conditional Relations
Buddha) regarding the return of The Buddha to Sankas-
sanagara after He expounded the Abhidhamma at Tavatimsa.
As further testimony there still exists the pagoda and marble
inscriptions erected by King Thiri Dhammasoka as monuments
at the site in Sankassanagara where The Buddha returned from
Tavatimsa.
Besides, Peta-vatthu (Sixth Synod Edn., p. 159) states :
(1) " At the time The Buddha, the Exalted One, was residing
on the Pandukambala Stone at the foot of the Coral tree in
Tavatimsa (for expounding the Abhidhamma).
(2) At that time the devas and brahmas of the 10,000 worlds
held a meeting and approached The Buddha who resided at the
top of Mount Meru (where Tavatimsa is situated).
(3) At that time no deva or brahma could excel in radiance
and splendour that of The Buddha."
Moreover, in the Buddhavarhsa it is stated in:—
(1) DIpankara Buddha vamsa : "At the time when Dipan-
kara Buddha expounded the Dhamma in Tavatimsa, 90,000
crores of devas and brahmas realised the Four Noble Truths by
Path-knowledge on three occasions."
(2) Mangala Buddha vamsa : "At the time when Mangala
Buddha expounded the Dhamma in Tavatimsa, the abode of
Sekya, the Lord of devas, 1,000 crores of devas and brahmas
realised the Four Noble Truths by Path-knowledge on two
occasions.”
(3) Sobhita Buddhavarhsa : " (Sobhita Buddha), having
made the devas and brahmas realise the Four Noble Truths for
the first time, then expounded the Dhamma at the second
assembly and 9,000 crores realised the Four Noble Truths by
Path-knowledge on two occasions."
(4) DhammadassT Buddhavarhsa: "At the time when
DhammadassI Buddha returned to the human world after
expounding the Dhamma in Tavatimsa, 100 crores of devas and
brahmas assembled for the second time."
(5) Kassapa Buddhavarhsa: "At the time when Kassapa
Buddha expounded the Dhamma in detail at the festival of the
Sudhamma devas held in the pleasant abode of Tavatimsa,
3,000 crores of devas and brahmas came to know it.”
Introduction
evil
The Abhidhamma, which deals with realities, is the province
of Omniscience, but for those who are of the opinion that it was
not expounded by The Buddha and yet cannot ascribe it to
anyone else, the above extracts are given to prove definitely
that it was expounded by The Buddha. This should clear up all
doubts about the matter. (According to the Commentary, the
word ‘ dhamma ’ in the above extracts denotes Abhidhamma—
Dhammanti Abhidhamma—as there is no other teaching besides
Abhidhamma that could be expounded.)
Conclusion
Although Abhidhamma has been flourishing in Burma for a
long time, very few were interested in the study of Patthana
because there were no easy methods available for its under¬
standing. In fact, Patthana was about to be lost in oblivion.
But the Translator painstakingly searched for the methods
contained therein and, having succeeded, devised a series of
charts by which Patthana is now being easily learnt and
understood.
When Professor G. P. Malalasekera was in Burma in 1956 he
requested the Translator to translate Patthana into English for
the benefit of those persons in other countries who are studying
Buddhism and those who are keenly desirous of understanding
Patthana. But for one reason or another it was put off.
However, when the Pali Text Society made the same request
later, Dhatu-katha was translated and now Patthana. So
instead of simply arguing whether Patthana, which is part of
Abhidhamma, was expounded by The Buddha or not, this
translated Text should be studied and understood. Then the
facts should be tested as Patthana deals with all the causes and
• •
effects that arise and cease in the continuity of beings at every
instant of the day. Only then will one be in a position to make a
personal decision as to whether The Buddha expounded
Patthana or not.
In particular, may all readers, after having made a proper
study of Patthana, overcome greed, hate and delusion ; acquire
deep knowledge of the causes and effects of things so as to realize
Path and Fruition ; attain True Bliss of Nibbana.
CV111
Conditional Relations
The translation was made from the Sixth Synod Edition of
Patthana, Volume I. Commentarial and other explanations are
not given as footnotes as they will be included in the Guide to
Patthana which the Translator proposes to compile. Here
again, as in the Discourse on Elements, an index is not supplied
because it would be so complicated and because the topics,
which are given similar treatment, can be easily found from
the Table of Contents. Moreover, the P.T.S. agreed there was
no necessity.
My thanks are due to Miss I. B. Horner, President of the Pali
Text Society, for giving whole-hearted support and encourage¬
ment to undertake this translation and for her valuable advice
and suggestions. Thanks are also due to Dr. Them Maung and
U Sein Ban for assistance in the draft typing ; Daw Khin Khin
Hlaing for typing the charts ; The Abhidhamma Propagating
Society and U San Tin for the supply of stationery.
U Narada,
Mula Patthana Sayadaw.
* In the Discourse on Elements, “ kusala " was translated as " wholesome ”
but here in Patthana, “ faultless ” is used. Both these words are appropriate.
For the Expositor (Vol. I, p. 48) gives the different meanings of “ kusala "and
states that these words are suitable in this case : “ First of all, the word
‘ kusala ' (moral) means ‘ of good health * faultless * skilful ', ‘ productive
of happy sentient results etc. In such passages as, ‘ Is your reverence
kusala ? ' ‘Is your reverence free from ailment ? '—kusala has the meaning
of ‘ good health ’. In such passages as, * Which, sir, is kusala behaviour? '
‘ Great king, it is conduct that is blameless ' ; and again in, ‘ Sir, as the
Blessed One has taught the Law verily incomparable with respect to kusala
states '—kusala means ‘ faultless In such passages as, ' You are kusala at
the different parts of a chariot ’; * Graceful women who have been trained
and are kusala in singing and dancing,' etc.—kusala means ‘ skilful ’. In such
passages as, * Bhikkhus, (merit flows from) the cause that has built up kusala
states,' and ‘ (Visual cognition springs into existence) because it has been
performed and accumulated by a kamma which is kusala '—kusala means
* productive of happy results Now here, in the phrase * moral states ',
either * wholesome or ‘ faultless ', or ‘ productive of happy results ' is a
suitable meaning."
From the above it will be seen that:—
(1) “ wholesome " pertains not only to bodily health and material food
but also to mental health, since the mind is in a healthy state when the mental
corruptions are absent. Thus, “ freed from the pain of mental corruptions " is
a suitable meaning. For whenever moral consciousnesses arise in one's con¬
tinuity, the corruptions which are likened to sores and diseases are absent.
All the moral states have the property of eliminating the corruptions and this
elimination takes place for the moment when they belong to the sensuous type.
Introduction
cix
for a long period when they belong to the lofty type and for all time when they
belong to the Path type.
(2) “ faultless ” means " free from the fault of corruptions For when
a moral consciousness arises, whether it be sensuous, lofty or Path, it is free
from the fault of corruptions. If otherwise, it is no longer moral. Thus this
meaning applies to all other moral states which are lofty or supramundane and
not only sensuous.
(3) “ skilful If this meaning is considered in the examples given above, it
cannot apply to moral states, not even to the sensuous, leave alone the lofty
and supramundane. The Commentary states that “ skilful ” is not a suitable
meaning.
(4) “ productive of happy results.” Moral states function as impulsions, all
of which are volitional and therefore produce results. Here the impulsion is
moral and therefore it must produce happy results.
The meaning of ** kusala ” is also given in the Commentaries on the
Suttas :—
Faultless.
Whole¬
Productive
of happy
Commen¬
tary
Silakkhandha
Anavajja
some.
results
page.
189
Mulapannasa
—
—
120
Ma j j himapannasa
—
—
302
Samyutta Voi. I
—
Sukha vipaka
86
Sarhyutta Vol. Ill
—
178
Anguttara Vol. Ill
—
—
307
Anguttara Vol. Ill
Arogya
—
385
Patisambhidamagga Vol. I
> f
Sukha vipaka
120
Patisambhidamagga Vol. I
9 9
99
189
Patisambhidamagga Vol. I
9 9
—
250
Patisambhidamagga Vol. II
—
9 9
—
177
Udana
Anavajja
—
—
212
Vimana Vatthu
»9
Arogya
—
119
Suttanipata
9 9
99
Sukha vipaka
220
Since ” faultless ” (anavajja) is the meaning generally given in the Com¬
mentaries and is a simple and convenient word, " faultless ” is used for
" kusala ” (moral) in this Patthana translation.
PAGE
CONTENTS OF CONDITIONAL RELATIONS
I. Enumeration of the Conditions i
II. Analytical Exposition of the Conditions . 2
III. Question Chapter
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
By Ones
Root Condition
1 . Faultless Section .....
2 . Faulty Section .....
3 . Indeterminate Section ....
4 . Faultless and Indeterminate Section .
5 . Faulty and Indeterminate Section
6. Faultless and Faulty Section
7 . Faultless, Faulty and Indeterminate Section
Object Condition, etc. .....
By Twos, etc.
Root Condition . . . . . . . . . 17
Object Condition, etc. . . . . . . . . .18
13
13
14
14
14
15
15
16
2 . CONDITIONS I NEGATIVE
Not-root conditions, etc. . . . . . . . . .18
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root Condition .......... 19
Object Condition, etc. ......... 20
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root Condition . . . . . . . . .21
Not-object Condition, etc. . . . . . . . .21
IV. Answers
1 . Faultless Triplet
I. “ Dependent ”
Chapter
1. conditions :
positive
(i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Root
9
• • • •
• •
Object .
3
• • ♦ •
• «
Predominance
9
• • • •
m »
Proximity 3 , Contiguity
3
• • • •
• »
Conascence
9
• • • •
• •
Mutuality
3
• i • •
• •
Dependence .
9
• •
Strong-dependence
3
t * • •
• •
Prenascence .
3
tiff
• •
Repetition
3
• • • •
• •
Kamma
9
• • • •
• •
Resultant
1
• • • •
a
Nutriment
9
• • • •
• «
Faculty
9
• • • •
•
• •
22
23
24
25
26
28
29
29
29
29
30
31
31
32
CXI
cxii
Conditional Relations
PAGE
Jhana 9 , Path .. 9 ....... 32
Association ... 3 ....... 32
Dissociation ... 9 ....... 32
Presence ... 9 ....... 34
Absence 3 , Disappearance 3 ....... 35
Non-disappearance . 9 . . . . . . *35
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
Numbers (of Answers)
Root Condition as Reference By Ones ...... 35
By Twos, By Threes, etc. 35
Object, etc. . . . By Twos ...... 37
Repetition ... ,, ...... 37
Kamma ... ,, ...... 37
Resultant ... ,, ...... 37
Nutriment, etc. . . ,, ...... 38
Non-disappearance . ,, ...... 38
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
Not-root .... 2
Not-object .... 5
Not-predominance ... 9
Not-proximity 5 , Not-contiguity 5
Not-mutuality ... 5
Not-strong-dependence . . 5
Not-prenascence ... 7
Not-postnascence 9 , Not-repetition 9
Not-kamma .... 3
Not-resultant ... 9
Not-nutriment . . . 1
Not-faculty . . . . 1
Not-jhana . . . . 1
Not-path . . . . 1
Not-association ... 5
Not-dissociation ... 3
Not-absence 5 , Not-disappearance 5
CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
Numbers (of Answers)
By Ones ........... 48
Not-root .... By Twos, etc. .... 49
Not-object .... „ .... 49
Not-predominance ... ,, .... 50
Not-proximity, etc. . . ,, .... 50
Not-prenascence ... ,, .... 50
Not-postnascence, Not-repetition ,, . . . 51
Not-kamma .... ,, .... 52
Not-resultant ... ,, .... 52
Not-nutriment, etc. . . ,, .... 53
Not-association ... ,, . . . . 53
Not-dissociation ... ,, 53
Not-absence, Not-disappearance ,, .... 54
Contents
cxiii
3. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root
Object .
Predominance
Proximity, Contiguity
Conascence
Mutuality
Dependence, Strong-depen
Prenascence
Repetition
Kamma
Resultant
Nutriment
Faculty
Jhana .
dence
Path
Association .
Dissociation .
Presence
Absence, Disappearance
Non-disappearance
By Twos, etc.
M
54
55
55
56
56
57
57
57
58
58
58
59
60
61
61
62
62
63
64
64
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root .... By Twos, etc.
Not-object .... ,,
Not-predominance ... ,,
Not-proximity, etc. . . „
Not-prenascence ... ,,
Not-postnascence ... ,,
Not-repetition ... „
Not-kamma .... „
Not-resultant ... ,,
Not-nutriment ... ,,
Not-faculty .... ,,
Not-jhana .... ,,
Not-path .... By Threes, etc. .
Not-association . . . By Twos, etc.
Not-dissociation ... ,,
Not-absence, Not-disappearance „
65
66
66
67
67
68
68
69
69
70
70
70
71
7i
7 1
72
1. Faultless Triplet II. “ Conascent *’ Chapter
1. conditions: positive (i) CLASSIFICATION chapter
Root 9 ..........
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones ..........
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Not-root 2 .........
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones ••••••••••
74
75
76
H
CX1V
Conditional Relations
3. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root . By Twos ......
PAGE
76
4. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root . By Twos ......... 76
1. Faultless Triplet III. " Conditioned " Chapter
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Root ... 17
Object ... 7
Predominance . 17
Proximity 7, Contiguity 7
Conascence . . 17
Mutuality . . 7
Dependence . . 17
Strong-dependence 7
Prenascence . . 7
Repetition . . 7
Kamma . . 17
Resultant . . 1
Nutriment . . 17
Faculty . . 17
Jhana 17, Path . 17
Association . . 3
Dissociation . . 17
Presence Condition, etc. .
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
By Ones ....
Root . By Twos, etc.
Object, etc. By Twos
ENUMERATION CHAPTER
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
Not-root . . 4 .
Not-object 5
Not-predominance . 17
Not-proximity, etc.
Not-postnascence, etc.
Not-kamma 7
Not-resultant . 17
Not-nutriment, etc.
Not-association, etc.
CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
By Ones ....
Not-root . By Twos, etc.
Not-object, etc. ,,
ENUMERATION CHAPTER
3. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root . . By Twos, etc. ....
Object, etc. . ,,.....
77
79
81
81
81
82
83
83
83
84
85
86
86
87
87
87
87
9 i
9i
91
92
93
94
94
95
95
95
96
97
97
97
98
98
102
103
Contents
cxv
4. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root . By Twos, etc. ....
Not-object, etc. ,,
PAGE
109
no
1. Faultless Triplet IV. “ Supported ” Chapter
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Positive Root 17 . . . . . . . . .115
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones . . . . . . . . . . .118
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Not-root 4 . . . . . . . . .118
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones . . . . . . . . . . .119
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root By Twos . . . . . . . . .120
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root By Twos . . . . . . . . .120
V. “ Conjoined " Chapter
(i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
120
121
1. Faultless Triplet
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
Root . 3
Object, etc. 3
1. conditions: positive
By Ones ....
Root, etc. By Twos, etc.
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
Not-root . . 2
Not-predominance, etc. 3
(ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
• • • • • *123
•••••• 123
(i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
• • • • • •!24
. . . . . .I24
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones . . . . . . . . . . .126
Not-root, etc. By Twos, etc. . . . . . . .126
3. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root . By Twos, etc. . . . . . . . .129
Object, etc. ,, ........ 130
4. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root . . By Twos, etc. . . . . . .134
Not-predominance, etc. ,, ...... 135
CXV1
Conditional Relations
PAGE
1 . Faultless Triplet VI. " Associated *’ Chapter
1. conditions: positive (i) classification chapter
Root . 3 . . . . . . . . .138
1. conditions : positive (ii) enumeration chapter
By Ones ........... 139
2. conditions : negative (i) classification chapter
Not-root 2 ......... 139
2. conditions : negative (ii) enumeration chapter
By Ones ........... 140
3 . conditions : positive-negative
Root . By Twos . . . . . . . . .140
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root By Twos ......... 140
1 . Faultless Triplet VII. " Investigation ” Chapter
1 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Root ... 7 ....... . 141
Object ... 9 ....... . 142
Predominance . 10 ....... 146
Proximity . . 7 ....... 148
Contiguity . . 7 ....... 149
Conascence . . 9 . . . . . . .150
Mutuality . . 3 ....... 153
Dependence . . 13 ....... 154
Strong-dependence 9 . . . . . . . .156
Prenascence . . 3 ....... 166
Postnascence . 3 . . . . . . .167
Repetition . . 3 ....... 167
Kamma . . 7 ....... 168
Resultant . . 1 ....... 169
Nutriment . . 7 ....... 169
Faculty . . 7 ....... 170
Jhana ... 7 ....... . 171
Path . . . 7 . . . . . . .172
Association . . 3 ....... 173
Dissociation . . 5 . . . . . . 174
Presence . . 13 ....... 175
Absence . . 7 ....... 179
Disappearance 7 . . . . . . .179
Non-disappearance 13 . . . . . . 179
Contents
cxvii
PAGE
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones ........... 180
Root
Common 11 .......... 180
Conascence Combinations 24
Ordinary ..... 9 ... . 180
With faculty and path . . . 9 . . . . 181
With predominance, faculty and path 6 . . . . 181
Object
Common 7 .......... 182
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 5 . . . . . .182
Predominance
Common 15 .......... 183
Combinations 30
Mixed . . 3 ....... 183
Miscellaneous 3 . . . . . . . .183
Conascence . 24
Predominant desire . . . 6 . . . .183
With nutriment and faculty . . 6 . . . .184
With faculty and path . . . 6 . . . .184
With root, faculty and path . . 6 . . . .185
Proximity
Common 6 .......... 185
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 3 . . . . . .186
Contiguity
Common 6 . . . . . . . . . . .186
Miscellaneous Combinations 3 . . . . . .186
Conascence
Common 14 .......... 186
Combinations 10 ......... 186
Mutuality
Common 14 . . . . . . . . . .187
Conascence Combinations 6 . . . . . . .187
Dependence
Common 17 .......... 188
Combinations 20
Mixed . . 6 . . . . . . .188
Miscellaneous 4 . . . . . . . .188
Conascence .10 . . . . . . . .189
Strong-dependence
Common 13 . . . . . . • . • .189
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 7 . . . . . .190
Prenascence
Common 8 . . . . . . . . . . .190
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 7 . . . . . .190
cxviii Conditional Relations
PAGE
Postnascence
Common 3 .......... 191
(Miscellaneous) Combination 1 . . . . . .191
Repetition
Common 5 .......... 191
(Miscellaneous) Combination 1 . . . . . .191
Kamma
Common 14 .......... 191
Combinations 11
Miscellaneous 2 . . . . . . . .191
Conascence . 9 ....... 192
Resultant
Common 14 .......... 192
(Conascence) Combinations 5 . . . . . . .192
Nutriment
Common 11 . . . . . . . . . .193
Combinations 34
Mixed . . 1 ....... 193
Conascence 33
Ordinary ..... 9 ... . 193
With kamma .... 9 ... . 194
With faculty .... 9 ... . 194
With predominance and faculty . 6 . . . .195
Faculty
Common 14 .....
Combinations 76
Mixed . . 3 . . . .
Miscellaneous 1
Conascence . 72
Ordinary ..... 9
With path ..... 9
With jhana ..... 9
With jhana and path ... 9
With nutriment .... 9
With predominance and nutriment 6
With predominance and path . 6
With root and path ... 9
With root, predominance and path 6
Jhana
Common 10 ......... 202
Conascence Combinations 36
Ordinary ..... 9 ... . 202
With faculty ..... 9 ... . 203
With path ..... 9 ... . 203
With faculty and path ... 9 ... . 204
196
196
196
196
197
198
198
199
200
200
201
201
Contents
cxix
Path
Common 12 ....
Conascence Combinations 57
Ordinary ....
With faculty ....
With jhana ....
With faculty and jhana
With predominance and faculty
With root and faculty
With root, predominance and faculty
Association
Common 13 ....
Conascence Combinations 2 .
9
9
9
9
6
9
6
Dissociation
Common 17
Combinations 13
Mixed . . 4
Miscellaneous 5
Conascence . 4
Presence
Common 18
Combinations 29
Mixed . .11
Miscellaneous 8
Conascence . 10
Absence
Common 6 .
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 3
Disappearance
Common 6 .
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 3
Non-disappearance
Common 18
Combinations 29
Mixed . .11
Miscellaneous 8
Conascence . 10
PAGE
205
205
206
206
207
208
208
209
209
210
210
. 210
. 210
. 211
211
. 211
. 212
. 212
. 213
• 213
214
2I 4
. 214
. 214
• 215
• 215
2. SELECTION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR NEGATIVE 21 6
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones . . . . . . . . . . .217
Not-root . . By Twos, etc. . . . . . .217
Not-object . . „ ...... 220
Not-predominance, etc. ,, . . . . . .221
Not-conascence . ,, ...... 221
Not-mutuality . ,, ...... 222
Not-dependence . ,, ...... 223
cxx
Conditional Relations
PAGE
Not-strong-dependence By Twos, etc. ...... 223
Not-prenascence . ,, . . . . . .225
Not-postnascence . ,, ...... 226
Not-repetition . ,, . . . . . .227
Not-karama . „ ...... 227
Not-resultant . ,, ...... 228
Not-nutriment . ,, ...... 228
Not-faculty . . ,, ...... 230
Not-jhana, Not-path ,, ...... 231
Not-association . ,, . . . . . .231
Not-dissociation . ,, . . . . . .231
Not-presence . „ ...... 232
Not-absence . ,, ...... 234
Not-disappearance . ,, ...... 234
Not-non-disappearance ,, ...... 234
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root
By Twos ........... 234
Conascence Combinations 24
Ordinary . . . . . 9 . . 235
With faculty and path . . . 9 . . > . *237
With predominance, faculty and path 6 238
Object
By Twos ........... 240
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 5 ...... 240
Predominance
By Twos ........... 241
Combinations 30
Mixed . . 3 ....... 241
Miscellaneous . 3 ....... 242
Conascence . 24
Predominant desire ... 6 ... . 243
With nutriment and faculty . . 6 244
With faculty and path ... 6 ... . 245
With root, faculty and path . . 6 . . . . 247
Proximity
By Twos ........... 248
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 3 . . . . . .248
Contiguity
By Twos ........... 249
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 3 . . . . . .249
Conascence
By Twos ........... 250
Conascence Combinations 10 . . . . . . .250
Mutuality
By Twos ........... 252
(Conascence) Combinations 6 ...... 252
Contents
cxxi
Dependence
PAGE
By Twos ..
• • i
> • •
253
Combinations 20
Mixed . . 6
• t i
• •
254
Miscellaneous 4
• 9 «
• 9
255
Conascence .10
• • i
• •
256
Strong-dependence
By Twos ......
• • •
• •
258
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 7
• • a
• •
258
Prenascence
By Twos ......
• • •
• •
259
(Miscellaneous) Combinations 7
• • t
• •
260
Postnascence
By Twos ......
9 9 9
9 •
261
(Miscellaneous) Combination 1
• • t
9 9
261
Repetition
By Twos ......
• • •
9 9
262
(Miscellaneous) Combination 1
• • •
9 9
262
Kamma
By Twos ......
• • •
9 9
262
Combinations 11
Miscellaneous .....
2
9 9
262
Conascence (with nutriment)
9
9 9
263
Resultant
By Twos ......
• • •
9 9
265
(Conascence) Combinations 5
• # •
9 9
265
Nutriment
By Twos ......
• • •
9 9
266
Combinations 34
Mixed . 1
• • •
9 9
266
Conascence 33
Ordinary .....
9
9 9
267
With kamma ....
9
9 9
268
With faculty ....
9
9 9
270
With predominance and faculty
6
9 9
272
Faculty
By Twos ......
• • •
9 9
273
Combinations 76
Mixed . . 3 . . .
• 9
9 9
274
Miscellaneous . 1
• ■
9. 9
274
Conascence . 72
Ordinary .....
9
• 9
275
With path .....
9
9 9
276
With jhana .....
9
9 9
277
With jhana and path
9
9 9
278
With nutriment ....
9
9 9
279
With predominance and nutriment
6
9 9
280
With predominance and path
6
9 9
281
With root and path
9
9 9
282
With root, predominance and path
6
9 9
282
cxxii
Conditional Relations
PAGE
Jhana
By Twos ........... 284
Conascence Combinations 36
Ordinary ..... 9 ... . 284
With faculty ..... 9 ... . 285
With path ..... 9 ... . 286
With faculty and path ... 9 ... . 287
Path
By Twos ........... 288
Conascence Combinations 57
Ordinary ..... 9 ... . 288
With faculty ..... 9 ... . 289
With jhana ..... 9 ... . 290
With faculty and jhana . . . 9 . . . .291
With predominance and faculty . 6 292
With root and faculty ... 9 ... . 292
With root, predominance and faculty 6 293
Association
By Twos ........... 294
Conascence Combinations 2 . . . . . . . . 294
Dissociation
By Twos ........... 295
Combinations 13
Mixed . . 4 ....... 295
Miscellaneous . 5 ....... 296
Conascence . 4 ....... 297
Presence
By Twos ........... 298
Combinations 29
Mixed . .11 . . . . . . . . 298
Miscellaneous . 8 ....... 300
Conascence . 10 ....... 302
Absence, Disappearance
By Twos ........... 304
Non-disappearance
By Twos ........... 304
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root . By Twos, etc. ....
Not-object, etc. ,, ....
304
306
2 . Feeling Triplet I. “ Dependent ” Chapter
(i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
Root . 3
Object, etc. ....
318
318
Contents cxxiii
PAGE
1 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
By Ones .....
(ii)
ENUMERATION
• • •
CHAPTER
• »
320
Root, etc. By Twos, etc.
• • •
• +
321
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
Not-root . 3
(i)
CLASSIFICATION
• • m
CHAPTER
• •
321
Not-predominance 3 , etc.
• 99
• •
322
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
By Ones .....
(ii)
ENUMERATION
• * •
CHAPTER
• •
325
Not-root, etc. By Twos, etc.
999
9 9
325
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root . . By Twos, etc. ....... 327
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root . . By Twos, etc. ...... 328
Not-predominance, etc. ,, ...... 329
II.
“ CONASCENT ”
CHAPTER
9 9
330
III.
“ CONDITIONED
” CHAPTER
9 9
330
IV.
“ SUPPORTED ”
CHAPTER
• •
33 i
V.
“ CONJOINED ”
CHAPTER
• 9
33 i
VI.
“ ASSOCIATED ”
CHAPTER
9 9
33 i
2 . Feeling Triplet
VII.
“ Investigation ”
Chapter
1 . conditions: positive
(i)
CLASSIFICATION
chapter
Root ....
3
• • •
• •
33 i
Object ....
9
• • •
• 9
332
Predominance
5
• • •
9 9
336
Proximity
7
• • •
9 9
338
Contiguity
7
• 99
9 9
340
Conascence
3
• 99
• 9
34 °
Mutuality 3 , Dependence
3
• 99
• •
34 i
Strong-dependence
9
9 9 9
• 9
34 i
Repetition
3
• 99
9 9
347
Kamma
8
9 9 9
• 9
347
Resultant
3
• 99
• 9
349
Nutriment, etc.
• •
9 9 9
• 9
349
1. conditions : positive
(ii)
ENUMERATION
CHAPTER
By Ones
• •
• • •
9 9
350
Root
Common 10
• •
•
9 9 9
9 9
350
Combinations 6
Ordinary Combinations
• •
2
9 9 9
• 9
350
With faculty and path
• 9 .
2
9 9 9
9 9
350
With predominance, faculty and path 2
• 99
9 m
350
cxxiv
Conditional Relations
PAGE
Object
Common 2 .......... 351
Combination 1 . . . . . . . . . 351
Predominance
Common 13 .......... 351
Combinations 9 . . . . . . . . . .351
Proximity, Contiguity
Common 6 .......... 352
Combinations 3 ......... 352
Conascence, etc.
Common 13 .......... 352
Combinations 2 ......... 352
Strong-dependence
Common 8 . . . . . . . . . . . 352
Combinations 5 ......... 353
Repetition
Common 5 .......... 353
Combination 1 ......... 353
Kamma
Common 13 .......... 353
Combinations 4 ......... 353
Resultant
Common 13 ......... 353
Combination 1 ......... 354
Nutriment
Common 10 .......... 354
Combinations 8 ......... 354
Faculty
Common 12 .......... 354
Combinations 16 ......... 355
Jhana
Common 9 . . . . . . . . . . . 356
Combinations 6 ......... 356
Path
Common 11 .......... 356
Combinations 14 ......... 356
Association
Common 13 .......... 357
Combinations 2 ......... 357
Presence, etc.
357
Contents
cxxv
PAGE
“ Investigation ” Chapter
SELECTION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR NEGATIVE . . 358
2 . CONDITIONS ! NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones.. 358
Not-root . By Twos, etc. ....... 359
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root . . By Twos ........ 359
Ordinary Combination ........ 360
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root . By Twos, etc.
• • • •
•
•
360
Not-object, etc.
M •
• •It
•
361
3. Resultant Triplet I.
, " Dependent " Chapter
1. CONDITIONS
: POSITIVE
(i) CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER
Root
13
# • • m
•
•
362
Object .
5
• » • •
•
•
364
Predominance
9
• • • •
#
•
365
Proximity, etc.
• • •
• t • •
•
•
366
1. CONDITIONS
;: positive
(ii) enumeration
CHAPTER
By Ones
• • •
t • t 1
•
•
369
Root, etc.
By Twos, etc.
t t t •
•
•
369
2 . CONDITIONS
: NEGATIVE
(i) CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER
Not-root
10
• t I •
•
•
37 °
Not-object
5
• • • •
•
•
372
Not-predominance .
13
• • • •
•
•
373
Not-proximity, etc.
• • •
t • t 1
•
•
373
2 . CONDITIONS
: NEGATIVE
(ii) ENUMERATION
CHAPTER
By Ones
• • •
t • t •
•
•
380
Not-root
By Twos, etc.
• •It
•
•
380
3 .
CONDITIONS : POSITIVE—NEGATIVE
Root
By Twos, etc.
• • • t
•
•
381
4 .
CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root
By Twos, etc.
• I • •
♦
•
381
3. Resultant Triplet
II. " Conascent ” Chapter
1 . CONDITIONS
: POSITIVE
(i) CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER
•
382
1 . CONDITIONS
: POSITIVE
(ii) enumeration <
CHAPTER
•
382
2 . CONDITIONS
: NEGATIVE .
•
•
382
3 .
CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE .
•
•
383
4 .
CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE .
•
•
383
CXXV1
Conditional Relations
PAGE
3. Resultant Triplet III. “ Conditioned ” Chapter
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Root ... 17 ....... . 383
Object ... 7 ....... . 386
Predominance 17 . . . . . . . 388
Proximity 7 , etc. .......... 390
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones ........... 394
Root . . . By Twos ....... 394
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Not-root . . 12 ....... 394
Not-object . . 5 ....... 395
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones ........... 396
Not-root . . By Twos ....... 396
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root . . . By Twos ....... 396
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root . . By Twos, etc. ...... 396
3 . Resultant Triplet IV. “ Supported ” Chapter
1 - 4 . conditions : set of four . . . 397
3 . Resultant Triplet V. " Conjoined ” Chapter
1. conditions : positive (i) classification chapter
Root ... 3 ....... . 397
1. conditions : positive (ii) enumeration chapter
By Ones ........... 397
2 . conditions : negative (i) classification chapter . 398
2 . conditions : negative (ii) enumeration chapter . 398
3 . conditions : positive-negative . . . 398
4 . conditions : negative-positive . . . 398
3. Resultant Triplet VI. “ Associated ” Chapter
1-4. conditions : set of four
399
Contents cxxvii
PAGE
3. Resultant Triplet
VII. “
Investigation 1
” Chapter
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
(i)
CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER
Root ....
7
• • •
•
•
399
Object ....
9
• • •
•
•
400
Predominance
10
• • •
9
•
4°4
Proximity
7
• « #
0
•
406
Contiguity
7
• • •
9
•
408
Conascence
11
• • •
9
9
408
Mutuality
7
• • •
9
9
4°9
Dependence .
13
• • •
•
0
410
Strong-dependence
9
• ♦ •
9
9
411
Prenascence .
3
0 9 9
9
9
414
Postnascence
3
• •9
•
9
415
Repetition
2
0 9 9
•
9
416
Kamma
9
• 00
•
0
416
Resultant
3
• 99
•
0
417
Nutriment
7
9 9 9
•
.9
418
Faculty
9
9 9 9
•
9
418
Jhana ....
7
• 99
9
419
Path ....
7
• 90
•
9
4 J 9
Association .
3
0 9 9
9
9
420
Dissociation .
5
• 99
9
9
420
Presence
13
9 0 9
•
•
421
Absence 7, Disappearance
7
• 99
•
9
425
Non-disappearance
13
9 9 9
9
•
425
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
(ii)
ENUMERATION
CHAPTER
By Ones
Root
•
• •
t • •
•
9
425
Common 11
•
• •
• • •
•
9
425
2. SELECTION OF THE
CONDITIONS FOR NEGATIVE •
9
426
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
(ii) ENUMERATION
CHAPTER
By Ones
•
• •
• • •
•
0
427
Not-root By Twos
•
• •
• • •
•
0
427
3. conditions :
POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root
By Twos
•
• •
• • •
•
9
428
Combination
■
• •
• • •
9
•
428
4. conditions :
NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root By Twos, etc.
•
• •
• • •
9
0
428
4. Clinging Triplet
I. " Dependent ” Chapter
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
(i)
CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER
Root ... 9
•
• t
• • •
9
429
Object ... 3
•
• t
• • •
0
431
Predominance . 5
•
• •
• • •
•
431
Proximity, etc.
•
• •
9 9 9
•
43i
Mutuality 3, etc.
•
• •
9 9 9
.9
432
cxxviii
Conditional Relations
PAGE
1 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones ........... 434
By Twos ........... 434
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Not-root . . 5 ....... 435
Not-object . . 6 ....... 436
Not-predominance . 6 . . . . . . . - 437
Not-proximity, etc. ......... 438
Not-kamma 2, etc. ......... 438
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones . . . . . . . . . . .441
Not-root . . By Twos ....... 441
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root . . . By Twos ....... 442
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root . . By Twos ....... 442
4. Clinging Triplet II. " Conascent ” Chapter
1 - 4 . CONDITIONS : the set OF FOUR . . . 442
4 . Clinging Triplet
III. “
Conditioned ”
Chapter
1 . CONDITIONS
: POSITIVE
W
CLASSIFICATION
CHAPTER
Root
11
#
• •
• • •
•
Object .
7
•
• •
• • •
•
Predominance
Proximity
9
•
•
•
• •
• •
• • •
• • •
•
•
443
444
446
447
1 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones ........... 447
Root . . . By Twos ....... 447
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Not-root . . 5 ....... 447
Not-object . . 6 ....... 449
Not-predominance . 8 ....... 449
Not-proximity, etc. ......... 450
Not-kamma 6, etc. ......... 450
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER . 453
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE . . . 453
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE . . . 453
4. Clinging Triplet IV. " Supported " Chapter . 453
Contents
cxxix
4. Clinging Triplet
V. “ Conjoined ” Chapter
page
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
Root ... 3
Enumeration Chapter
453
454
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
Not-root
4. Clinging Triplet
VI. “ Associated " Chapter
454
455
4. Clinging Triplet
1. CONDITIONS I POSITIVE
VII. " Investigation " Chapter
( i) classification chapter
455
457
459
461
462
463
465
465
467
470
473
475
475
477
478
481
482
483
484
485
488
497
497
497
CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
(ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones
Common
497
497
2. SELECTION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR NEGATIVE .
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
(ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones
Not-root
By Twos
498
501
501
3. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root
By Twos ........... 501
Combination . . . . . . . . . 5 01
cxxx
Conditional Relations
PAGE
4. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root
By Twos
502
Root
5. Corrupt Triplet
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
9
I. “ Dependent ” Chapter
(i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
502
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
By Ones
(ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
504
Not-root
By Ones
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
2
504
504
Root
3. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
By Twos ....
505
4. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root
By Twos
505
5. Corrupt Triplet VII. “ Investigation " Chapter
1. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Root
7
•
•
• .
•
9 9
9
505
Object .
6
•
•
•
•
9 9
9
506
Predominance
8
•
•
•
9
508
Proximity
7
•
9
•
•
9 9
9
510
Contiguity, etc.
•
•
9
•
•
9 9
9
5 ii
Prenascence .
3
•
9
•
•
9 9
9
514
Postnascence
3
9
9
•
•
m 9
9
515
Repetition
3
9
9
•
•
9 9
9
515
Kamma
7
9
9
•
♦
9 9
9
516
Resultant
4
9
9
•
9 9 .
9
517
Nutriment
7
9
9
•
•
9 9
518
Faculty
7
9
9
•
•
9 9
518
Jhana, etc.
•
9
9
•
•
9 9
9
518
Dissociation .
5
9
9
•
•
9 9
9
518
Presence
13
9
9
•
•
9 9
9
519
Absence
7
9
9
•
•
9 9
9
522
Disappearance
7
9
9
•
•
9 9
9
522
Non-disappearance
13
9
9
•
•
9 9
•
522
1 . CONDITIONS
: POSITIVE
(ii)
ENUMERATION
CHAPTER
By Ones
•
•
9
•
•
• 9
•
522
Root
Common 11
m
•
9
9
9 9
9
523
Combinations 9 .
9
•
9
•
9
9 9
9
523
Contents cxxxi
PAGE
2. SELECTION OF THE CONDITIONS FOR NEGATIVE . . 524
CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
By Ones ........... 525
By Twos ........... 525
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root
By Twos ........... 525
Combinations .......... 526
4 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root . . By Twos, By Threes ..... 526
CONDITIONAL RELATIONS
States : Positive
CONDITIONAL RELATIONS OF TRIPLETS
Veneration to that Exalted One, the Arahat, the Enlightened
Buddha
I. Enumeration of the Conditions
i. Root
Condition (Hetu
Paccayo)
2. Object
J 3
(Arammana
3 3
)
3. Predominance
3 >
(Adhipati
3 3
)
4. Proximity
3)
(Anantara
3 3
)
5. Contiguity
3)
(Samanantara
3 3
)
6. Conascence
3 y
(Sahajata
3 3
)
7. Mutuality
3 y
(Annamanna
33
)
8. Dependence
33
(Nissaya
3 3
)
9. Strong-Dependence
33
(Upanissaya
33
)
10. Prenascence
3 3
(Purejata
3 3
)
11. Postnascence
33
(Pacchajata
3 3
)
12. Repetition
3 3
(Asevana
3 3
)
13. Kamma
3 3
(Kamma
3 3
)
14. Resultant
3 3
(Vipaka
3 3
)
15. Nutriment
3 3
(Ahara
3 3
)
16. Faculty
3 3
(Indriya
3 3
)
17. Jhana
3 3
(Jhana
3 3
)
18. Path
3 3
(Magga
3 3
)
19. Association
3 3
(Sampayutta
3 3
)
20. Dissociation
3 3
(Vippayutta
)
21. Presence
3 3
(Atthi
3 3
)
22. Absence
3 3
(Natthi
3 3
)
23. Disappearance
3 3
(Vigata
3 3
)
24. Non-disappearance
3 3
(Avigata
3 3
)
End of the Enumeration.
l
2 Conditional Relations
II. Analytical Exposition of the Conditions
I. ROOT CONDITION
The roots are related to the states which are associated with
roots, and the matter produced thereby, by root condition.
2 . OBJECT CONDITION
(i) Visible object-base is related to eye-consciousness
element and its associated states by object condition.
(ii) Sound-base is related to ear-consciousness element and
its associated states by object condition.
(iii) Odour-base is related to nose-consciousness element and
its associated states by object condition.
(iv) Taste-base is related to tongue-consciousness element
and its associated states by object condition.
(v) Tangible object-base is related to body-consciousness
element and its associated states by object condition.
(vi) Visible object-base, sound-base, odour-base, taste-base,
tangible object-base is related to mind-element and its asso¬
ciated states by object condition.
(vii) All states are related to mind-consciousness element
and its associated states by object condition.
(viii) Taking any state as object, these states, consciousness
and mental factors, arise ; those (former) states are related to
those (latter) states by object condition.
3. PREDOMINANCE CONDITION
(i) Predominant desire is related to the states associated
with desire, and the matter produced thereby, by predominance
condition.
(ii) Predominant effort is related to the states associated
with effort, and the matter produced thereby, by predominance
condition.
(iii) Predominant consciousness is related to the states
associated with consciousness, and the matter produced thereby,
by predominance condition.
(iv) Predominant investigating-wisdom is related to the
Analytical Exposition of the Conditions
3
states associated with investigating-wisdom, and the matter
produced thereby, by predominance condition.
(v) Taking any state as estimable object, these states,
consciousness and mental factors, arise ; those (former) states
are related to those (latter) states by predominance condition.
4. PROXIMITY CONDITION
(i) Eye-consciousness element and its associated states are
related to mind-element and its associated states by proximity
condition ; mind-element and its associated states are related
to mind-consciousness element and its associated states by
proximity condition.
(ii) Ear-consciousness element and its associated states are
related to mind-element and its associated states by proximity
condition ; mind-element and its associated states are related
to mind-consciousness element and its associated states by
proximity condition.
(iii) Nose-consciousness element and its associated states are
related to mind-element and its associated states by proximity
condition ; mind-element and its associated states are related
to mind-consciousness element and its associated states by
proximity condition.
(iv) Tongue-consciousness element and its associated states
are related to mind-element and its associated states by proxi¬
mity condition ; mind-element and its associated states are
related to mind-consciousness element and its associated states
by proximity condition.
(v) Body-consciousness element and its associated states
are related to mind-element and its associated states by proxi¬
mity condition ; mind-element and its associated states are
related to mind-consciousness element and its associated states
by proximity condition.
(vi) Preceding faultless states are related to subsequent
faultless states by proximity condition.
(vii) Preceding faultless states are related to subsequent
indeterminate states by proximity condition.
(viii) Preceding faulty states are related to subsequent faulty
states by proximity condition.
4
Conditional Relations
(ix) Preceding faulty states are related to subsequent
indeterminate states by proximity condition.
(x) Preceding indeterminate states are related to subse¬
quent indeterminate states by proximity condition.
(xi) Preceding indeterminate states are related to subse¬
quent faultless states by proximity condition.
(xii) Preceding indeterminate states are related to subse¬
quent faulty states by proximity condition.
(xiii) In proximity to these states, these (other) states,
consciousness and mental factors, arise ; those (former) states
are related to those (latter) states by proximity condition.
5 . CONTIGUITY CONDITION
(i) Eye-consciousness element and its associated states are
related to mind-element and its associated states by contiguity
condition ; mind-element and its associated states are related
to mind-consciousness element and its associated states by
contiguity condition.
(ii) Ear-consciousness element and its associated states are
related to mind-element and its associated states by contiguity
condition ; mind-element and its associated states are related
to mind-consciousness element and its associated states by
contiguity condition.
(iii) Nose-consciousness element and its associated states
are related to mind-element and its associated states by conti¬
guity condition ; mind-element and its associated states are
related to mind-consciousness element and its associated states
by contiguity condition.
(iv) Tongue-consciousness element and its associated states
are related to mind-element and its associated states by conti¬
guity condition ; mind-element and its associated states are
related to mind-consciousness element and its associated states
by contiguity condition.
(v) Body-consciousness element and its associated states
are related to mind-element and its associated states by conti¬
guity condition ; mind-element and its associated states are
related to mind-consciousness element and its associated states
by contiguity condition.
Analytical Exposition of the Conditions
5
(vi) Preceding faultless states are related to subsequent
faultless states by contiguity condition.
(vii) Preceding faultless states are related to subsequent
indeterminate states by contiguity condition.
(viii) Preceding faulty states are related to subsequent faulty
states by contiguity condition.
(ix) Preceding faulty states are related to subsequent
indeterminate states by contiguity condition.
(x) Preceding indeterminate states are related to subse¬
quent indeterminate states by contiguity condition.
(xi) Preceding indeterminate states are related to subse¬
quent faultless states by contiguity condition.
(xii) Preceding indeterminate states are related to subse¬
quent faulty states by contiguity condition.
(xiii) In contiguity with these states, these (other) states,
consciousness and mental factors, arise ; those (former) states
are related to those (latter) states by contiguity condition.
6 . CONASCENCE CONDITION
(i) The four immaterial (i.e. mental) aggregates are
mutually related to one another by conascence condition.
(ii) The four great primaries are mutually related to one
another by conascence condition.
(iii) At the moment of conception, mentality and materiality
are mutually related to one another by conascence condition.
(iv) States, consciousness and mental factors, are related to
mind-produced matter by conascence condition.
(v) The great primaries are related to derived matter by
conascence condition.
(vi) The material states are sometimes related to the
immaterial states by conascence condition and are sometimes
not related by conascence condition.
7. MUTUALITY CONDITION
(i) The four immaterial aggregates are related to one
another by mutuality condition.
(ii) The four great primaries are related to one another by
mutuality condition.
6
Conditional Relations
(iii) At the moment of conception, mentality and materiality
are related to one another by mutuality condition.
8. DEPENDENCE CONDITION
(i) The four immaterial aggregates are mutually related to
one another by dependence condition.
(ii) The four great primaries are mutually related to one
another by dependence condition.
(iii) At the moment of conception, mentality and materiality
are mutually related to one another by dependence condition.
(iv) States, consciousness and mental factors, are related to
mind-produced matter by dependence condition.
(v) The great primaries are related to derived matter by
dependence condition.
(vi) Eye-base is related to eye-consciousness element and
its associated states by dependence condition.
(vii) Ear-base is related to ear-consciousness element and its
associated states by dependence condition.
(viii) Nose-base is related to nose-consciousness element and
its associated states by dependence condition.
(ix) Tongue-base is related to tongue-consciousness element
and its associated states by dependence condition.
(x) Body-base is related to body-consciousness element and
its associated states by dependence condition.
(xi) Depending on this matter (i.e. heart-base), mind-
element and mind-consciousness element arise ; that matter is
related to mind-element and mind-consciousness element and
their associated states by dependence condition.
9. STRONG-DEPENDENCE CONDITION
(i) Preceding faultless states are related to subsequent
faultless states by strong-dependence condition.
(ii) Preceding faultless states are related to some subse¬
quent faulty states by strong-dependence condition.
(iii) Preceding faultless states are related to subsequent
indeterminate states by strong-dependence condition.
(iv) Preceding faulty states are related to subsequent faulty
states by strong-dependence condition.
Analytical Exposition of the Conditions
7
(v) Preceding faulty states are related to some subsequent
faultless states by strong-dependence condition.
(vi) Preceding faulty states are related to subsequent inde¬
terminate states by strong-dependence condition.
(vii) Preceding indeterminate states are related to subse¬
quent indeterminate states by strong-dependence condition.
(viii) Preceding indeterminate states are related to subse¬
quent faultless states by strong-dependence condition.
(ix) Preceding indeterminate states are related to subse¬
quent faulty states by strong-dependence condition.
(x) Also, weather and food are related by strong-depen¬
dence condition ; a person is related by strong-dependence
condition ; a lodging-place is related by strong-dependence
condition.
IO. PRENASCENCE CONDITION
(i) Eye-base is related to eye-consciousness element and its
associated states by prenascence condition.
(ii) Ear-base is related to ear-consciousness element and its
associated states by prenascence condition.
(iii) Nose-base is related to nose-consciousness element and
its associated states by prenascence condition.
(iv) Tongue-base is related to tongue-consciousness element
and its associated states by prenascence condition.
(v) Body-base is related to body-consciousness element and
its associated states by prenascence condition.
(vi) Visible object-base is related to eye-consciousness
element and its associated states by prenascence condition.
(vii) Sound-base is related to ear-consciousness element and
its associated states by prenascence condition.
(viii) Odour-base is related to nose-consciousness element and
its associated states by prenascence condition.
(ix) Taste-base is related to tongue-consciousness element
and its associated states by prenascence condition.
(x) Tangible object-base is related to body-consciousness
element and its associated states by prenascence condition.
(xi) Visible object-base, sound-base, odour-base, taste-base,
tangible object-base is related to mind-element and its associated
states by prenascence condition.
8
Conditional Relations
(xii) Depending on this matter, mind-element and mind-
consciousness element arise ; that matter is related to mind-
element and its associated states by prenascence condition ; is
sometimes related to mind-consciousness element and its
associated states by prenascence condition, and is sometimes
not related by prenascence condition.
II. POSTNASCENCE CONDITION
The states, postnascent consciousness and mental factors, are
related to this prenascent body by postnascence condition.
12. REPETITION CONDITION
(i) Preceding faultless states are related to subsequent
faultless states by repetition condition.
(ii) Preceding faulty states are related to subsequent faulty
states by repetition condition.
(iii) Preceding functional indeterminate states are related
to subsequent functional indeterminate states by repetition
condition.
13. KAMMA CONDITION
(i) Faultless and faulty kamma is related to resultant
aggregates and kamma-produced matter by kamma condition.
(ii) Volition is related to its associated states, and the
matter produced thereby, by kamma condition.
14. RESULTANT CONDITION
The four immaterial resultant aggregates are mutually related
to one another by resultant condition.
15. NUTRIMENT CONDITION
(i) Edible food is related to this body by nutriment condi¬
tion.
(ii) The immaterial nutriments are related to their asso¬
ciated states, and the matter produced thereby, by nutriment
condition.
Analytical Exposition of the Conditions
9
l6. FACULTY CONDITION
(i) Eye-faculty is related to eye-consciousness element and
its associated states by faculty condition.
(ii) Ear-faculty is related to ear-consciousness element and
its associated states by faculty condition.
(iii) Nose-faculty is related to nose-consciousness element
and its associated states by faculty condition.
(iv) Tongue-faculty is related to tongue-consciousness
element and its associated states by faculty condition.
(v) Body-faculty is related to body-consciousness element
and its associated states by faculty condition.
(vi) Physical life-faculty is related to kamma-produced
matter by faculty condition
(vii) The immaterial faculties are related to their associated
states, and the matter produced thereby, by faculty condition.
17. JHANA CONDITION
The jhana factors are related to their associated states, and
the matter produced thereby, by jhana condition.
18. PATH CONDITION
The path factors are related to their associated states, and
the matter produced thereby, by path condition.
19. ASSOCIATION CONDITION
The four immaterial aggregates are mutually related to one
another by association condition.
20 . DISSOCIATION CONDITION
(i) The material states are related to the immaterial states
by dissociation condition.
(ii) The immaterial states are related to the material states
by dissociation condition.
21 . PRESENCE CONDITION
(i) The four immaterial aggregates are mutually related to
one another by presence condition.
(ii) The four great primaries are mutually related to one
another by presence condition.
10
Aanlytical Exposition of the Conditions
(iii) At the moment of conception, mentality and materia¬
lity are mutually related to one another by presence condition.
(iv) States, consciousness and mental factors, are related to
mind-produced matter by presence condition.
(v) The great primaries are related to derived matter by
presence condition.
(vi) Eye-base is related to eye-consciousness element and
its associated states by presence condition.
(vii) Ear-base is related to ear-consciousness element and its
associated states by presence condition.
(viii) Nose-base is related to nose-consciousness element and
its associated states by presence condition.
(ix) Tongue-base is related to tongue-consciousness element
and its associated states by presence condition.
(x) Body-base is related to body-consciousness element
and its associated states by presence condition.
(xi) Visible object-base is related to eye-consciousness
element and its associated states by presence condition.
(xii) Sound-base is related to ear-consciousness element and
its associated states by presence condition.
(xiii) Odour-base is related to nose-consciousness element
and its associated states by presence condition.
(xiv) Taste-base is related to tongue-consciousness element
and its associated states by presence condition.
(xv) Tangible object-base is related to body-consciousness
element and its associated states by presence condition.
(xvi) Visible object-base, sound-base, odour-base, taste-
base, tangible object-base is related to mind-element and its
associated states by presence condition.
(xvii) Depending on this matter, mind-element and mind-
consciousness element arise ; that matter is related to mind-
element and mind-consciousness element and their associated
states by presence condition.
22 . ABSENCE CONDITION
States, consciousness and mental factors, which have just
ceased in contiguity, are related to the present states, conscious¬
ness and mental factors, by absence condition.
Analytical Exposition of the Conditions
ii
23. DISAPPEARANCE CONDITION
* States, consciousness and mental factors, which have just
disappeared in contiguity, are related to the present states,
consciousness and mental factors, by disappearance condition.
24. NON-DISAPPEARANCE CONDITION
(i) The four immaterial aggregates are mutually related to
one another by non-disappearance condition.
(ii) The four great primaries are mutually related to one
another by non-disappearance condition.
(iii) At the moment of conception, mentality and materia¬
lity are mutually related to one another by non-disappearance
condition.
(iv) States, consciousness and mental factors, are related to
mind-produced matter by non-disappearance condition.
(v) The great primaries are related to derived matter by
non-disappearance condition.
(vi) Eye-base is related to eye-consciousness element and
its associated states by non-disappearance condition.
(vii) Ear-base is related to ear-consciousness element and
its associated states by non-disappearance condition.
(viii) Nose-base is related to nose-consciousness element and
its associated states by non-disappearance condition.
(ix) Tongue-base is related to tongue-consciousness element
and its associated states by non-disappearance condition.
(x) Body-base is related to body-consciousness element
and its associated states by non-disappearance condition.
(xi) Visible object-base is related to eye-consciousness
element and its associated states by non-disappearance condi¬
tion.
(xii) Sound-base is related to ear-consciousness element and
its associated states by non-disappearance condition.
(xiii) Odour-base is related to nose-consciousness element
and its associated states by non-disappearance condition.
(xiv) Taste-base is related to tongue-consciousness element
and its associated states by non-disappearance condition.
(xv) Tangible object-base is related to body-consciousness
element and its associated states by non-disappearance condi¬
tion.
12
Conditional Relations
(xvi) Visible object-base, sound-base, odour-base, taste-
base, tangible object-base is related to mind-element and its
associated states by non-disappearance condition.
(xvii) Depending on this matter, mind-element and mind-
consciousness element arise ; that matter is related to mind-
element and mind-consciousness element and their associated
states by non-disappearance condition.
End of Analytical Exposition of the Conditions.
QUESTION CHAPTER
I. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
By Ones
I. FAULTLESS SECTION
(Root Condition)
25. (i) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless
state by root condition ?
(ii) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faulty
state by root condition ?
(iii) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise in¬
determinate state by root condition ?
(iv) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless
and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(v) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faulty and
indeterminate states by root condition ?
(vi) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless
and faulty states by root condition ?
(vii) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless,
faulty and indeterminate states by root condition ?
2 . FAULTY SECTION
26. (i) Dependent on faulty state, may there arise faulty state
by root condition ?
(ii) Dependent on faulty state, may there arise faultless
state by root condition ?
(iii) Dependent on faulty state, may there arise indeter¬
minate state by root condition ?
(iv) Dependent on faulty state, may there arise faultless
and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(v) Dependent on faulty state, may there arise faulty and
indeterminate states by root condition ?
(vi) Dependent on faulty state, may there arise faultless
and faulty states by root condition ?
(vii) Dependent on faulty state, may there arise faultless,
faulty and indeterminate states by root condition ?
13
14
Conditional Relations
3. INDETERMINATE SECTION
27. (i) Dependent on indeterminate state, may there arise
indeterminate state by root condition ?
(ii) Dependent on indeterminate state, may there arise fault¬
less state by root condition ?
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state, may there arise
faulty state by root condition ?
(iv) Dependent on indeterminate state, may there arise
faultless and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(v) Dependent on indeterminate state, may there arise
faulty and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(vi) Dependent on indeterminate state, may there arise
faultless and faulty states by root condition ?
(vii) Dependent on indeterminate state, may there arise
faultless, faulty and indeterminate states by root condition ?
4. FAULTLESS AND INDETERMINATE SECTION
28. (i) Dependent on faultless (state) 1 and indeterminate state,
may there arise faultless state by root condition ?
(ii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, may
there arise faulty state by root condition ?
(iii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, may
there arise indeterminate state by root condition ?
(iv) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, may
there arise faultless and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(v) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, may
there arise faulty and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(vi) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, may
there arise faultless and faulty states by root condition ?
(vii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, may
there arise faultless, faulty and indeterminate states by root
condition ?
5. FAULTY AND INDETERMINATE SECTION
29. (i) Dependent on faulty (state) 1 and indeterminate state,
may there arise faultless state by root condition ?
1 To show that these are two different states. This is to be understood in all
such cases. In the Pali the singular is used for both of them. But a state can
never be both.
Question Chapter
15
(ii) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, may there
arise faulty state by root condition ?
(iii) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, may there
arise indeterminate state by root condition ?
(iv) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, may there
arise faultless and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(v) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, may there
arise faulty and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(vi) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, may there
arise faultless and faulty states by root condition ?
(vii) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, may there
arise faultless, faulty and indeterminate states by root condi¬
tion ?
6 . FAULTLESS AND FAULTY SECTION
30. (i) Dependent on faultless (state) 1 and faulty state, may
there arise faultless state by root condition ?
(ii) Dependent on faultless and faulty state, may there arise
faulty state by root condition ?
(iii) Dependent on faultless and faulty state, may there arise
indeterminate state by root condition ?
(iv) Dependent on faultless and faulty state, may there arise
faultless and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(v) Dependent on faultless and faulty state, may there arise
faulty and indeterminate states by root condition ?
(vi) Dependent on faultless and faulty state, may there arise
faultless and faulty states by root condition ?
(vii) Dependent on faultless and faulty state, may there arise
faultless, faulty and indeterminate states by root condition ?
7. FAULTLESS, FAULTY AND INDETERMINATE SECTION
31. (i) Dependent on faultless (state), 1 faulty (state) 1 and inde¬
terminate state, may there arise faultless state by root condi¬
tion ?
(ii) Dependent on faultless, faulty and indeterminate state,
may there arise faulty state by root condition ?
1 A state is either faultless, faulty or indeterminate.
16 Conditional Relations
(iii) Dependent on faultless, faulty and indeterminate state,
may there arise indeterminate state by root condition ?
(iv) Dependent on faultless, faulty and indeterminate state,
may there arise faultless and indeterminate states by root
condition ?
(v) Dependent on faultless, faulty and indeterminate state,
may there arise faulty and indeterminate states by root condi¬
tion ?
(vi) Dependent on faultless, faulty and indeterminate state,
may there arise faultless and faulty states by root condition ?
(vii) Dependent on faultless, faulty and indeterminate state,
may there arise faultless, faulty and indeterminate states by
root condition ?
End of Root Condition.
Object Condition, etc.
32. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by object condition ?
(Root condition has been fully expanded. Object condition
should be done likewise by way of recitation.)
33. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless
state by predominance condition ? . . . proximity condition ? . . .
contiguity condition ? . . . conascence condition ? . . . mutuality
condition ? . . . dependence condition ? . . . strong-dependence
condition ? ... prenascence condition ? ... postnascence
condition ? ... repetition condition ? ... kamma condi¬
tion ? . . . resultant condition ? . . . nutriment condition ? . . .
faculty condition ? ... jhana condition ? ... path condi¬
tion ? ... association condition ? ... dissociation condi¬
tion ? . . . presence condition ?. . . absence condition ? . . . disap¬
pearance condition ?
34. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless
state by non-disappearance condition ? . .. Dependent on faulty
state .... Dependent on indeterminate state . . . Dependent on
faultless and indeterminate state . . . Dependent on faulty and
indeterminate state . . . Dependent on faultless and faulty
state. . . .
Dependent on faultless, faulty and indeterminate state, may
Question Chapter
*7
there arise faultless state . . . arise faulty state . . . arise in¬
determinate state ... arise faultless and indeterminate states.. .
arise faulty and indeterminate states . . . arise faultless and
faulty states . . . may there arise faultless, faulty and indeter¬
minate states by non-disappearance condition ?
(Root condition has been fully expanded. Non-disappearance
condition should be done likewise by way of recitation.)
End of By Ones
By Twos
Root Condition
35. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by root and object conditions 1 .... Dependent on faultless, faulty
and indeterminate state may there arise faultless, faulty and
indeterminate states by root and object conditions ?
36. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by root and predominance conditions ? . . . root and proximity
conditions ? . . . root and contiguity conditions ? . . . root and
non-disappearance conditions ?
By Threes
37. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless
state by root, object and predominance conditions ? . . . root,
object and proximity conditions ? . . . root, object and non¬
disappearance conditions ?
By Fours
38. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by root, object, predominance and proximity conditions ? . . .
root, object, predominance and non-disappearance conditions ?
(“ By Fives ” and so on are abbreviated. “ By Ones “ By
Twos ”, “ By Threes ”, “ By Fours ”, “ By Fives ” ... “By
All Conditions ” should be expanded without confusion.)
End of Root Condition.
1 " root condition and object condition ” is abbreviated as such in all cases.
18 Conditional Relations
Object Condition, etc.
By Twos
39. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by object and root conditions ? . . . object and predominance
conditions ? . . . object and non-disappearance conditions ?
Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by predominance . . . proximity . . . contiguity . . . cona-
scence . . . mutuality . . . non-disappearance and root condi¬
tions ? ... non-disappearance and object conditions ?
non-disappearance and predominance conditions ? . . . non¬
disappearance and disappearance conditions ?
{By Threes)
40. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by non-disappearance, root and object conditions ? . . . non¬
disappearance, root and predominance conditions ? . . . non¬
disappearance, root and proximity conditions ? ... non¬
disappearance, root and disappearance conditions ?
{By Fours)
41. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by non-disappearance, root, object and predominance condi¬
tions ? ... non-disappearance, root, object and proximity
conditions ? . . . disappearance conditions ?
(This should be fully expanded in each section as “ By Ones ”,
“ By Twos ”, " By Threes ”, ” By Fours ”, “ By Fives ” . . .
" By All Conditions ” without confusion.)
{a) Excellent and supreme are the Patthana triplets, couplets,
Couplets-triplets, triplets-couplets,
Triplets-triplets, couplets-couplets,
These six divisions in the Positive Method are profound.
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE
Not-root condition, etc.
42. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by not-root condition ?
(In the Positive, root condition has been expanded. In the
Negative, not-root condition should be similarly expanded.)
Question Chapter
19
43. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by not-obj ect condition ? . . . not-predominance condition ? . . .
not-proximity condition ?
not-contiguity condition ?
not-conascence condition ? . . . not-mutuality condition ? . . .
not-dependence condition ? . . . not-strong-dependence condi¬
tion ? ... not-prenascence condition ? ... not-postnascence
condition ? ... not-repetition condition ? ... not-kamma
condition ? ... not-resultant condition ? ... not-nutriment
not-postnascence
. . . not-kamma
not-nutriment
condition ? . . . not-facuity condition ? . . . not-jhana condi¬
tion ? . . . not-path condition ? . . . not-association condition ?
. . . not-dissociation condition ? . . . not-presence condition ? . . .
not-absence condition ? ... not-disappearance condi¬
tion ? . . . not-non-disappearance condition ?
44. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by not-root and not-obj ect conditions ?
(In the Positive, each section is fully expanded as “ By
Ones ”, " By Twos ”, " By Threes ”, " By Fours ” up to “ By
Twenty-threes ”. In the Negative also, it must be expanded
similarly.)
(b) Excellent and supreme are the Patthana triplets,
couplets,
Couplets-triplets, tripiets-couplets,
Triplets-triplets, couplets-couplets,
These six divisions in the Negative Method are profound.
3. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
(Root Condition)
45. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by root condition, not-object condition ? Dependent on fault¬
less state, may there arise faulty state by root condition,
not-object condition ?
(In the Positive, root condition has been fully expanded. In
the Positive-Negative, the sections should be expanded
similarly.)
46. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless
state by root condition, not-predominance condition ? . . . root
condition, not-proximity condition ? . . . root condition, not-
non-disappearance condition ?
20
Conditional Relations
47. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by root and object conditions, not-predominance condition ?. . .
root and object conditions, not-proximity condition ? . . . root
and object conditions, not-non-disappearance condition ?
By root, object and predominance conditions, not-proximity
condition ? ... root, object and predominance conditions,
not-non-disappearance condition ?
By root, object, predominance and proximity conditions,
not-contiguity condition ? . . . root, object, predominance and
proximity conditions, not-non-disappearance condition ? . . .
By root, object, predominance, proximity, contiguity,
conascence, mutuality, dependence, strong-dependence, prena-
scence, postnascence, repetition, kamma, resultant, nutriment,
faculty, jhana, path, association, dissociation, presence, absence
and disappearance conditions, not-non-disappearance condi¬
tion ?
(i Object Condition, etc.)
48. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by object condition . . . predominance condition . . . proximity
condition . . . non-disappearance condition, not-root condi¬
tion ? . . . non-disappearance condition, not-object condition ?
. . . non-disappearance condition, not-disappearance condition ?
By non-disappearance and root conditions, not-object
condition ? . . . non-disappearance and root conditions, not-
disappearance condition ?
By non-disappearance, root and object conditions, not-
predominance condition ? ... non-disappearance, root and
object conditions, not-disappearance condition ?
By non-disappearance, root, object, predominance, proximity,
contiguity, conascence conditions . . . not-disappearance condi¬
tion ?
(c) Excellent and supreme are the Patthana triplets,
couplets,
Couplets-triplets, triplets-couplets,
Triplets-triplets, couplets-couplets,
These six divisions in the Positive-Negative Method are
profound.
21
Question Chapter
4. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
( Not-root Condition)
49. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by not-root condition, object condition ?
Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by not-root condition, predominance condition ? . . . not-root
condition, non-disappearance condition ?
50. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless
state by not-root and not-object conditions, predominance
condition ? ... . non-disappearance condition ?
By not-root, not-object and not-predominance condi¬
tions . . . non-disappearance condition ?
By not-root, not-object, not-predominance, not-proximity,
not-contiguity . . . not-presence, not-absence and not-disap-
pearance conditions, non-disappearance condition ?
{Not-object Condition, etc.)
51. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by not-object condition, root condition ?
52. Dependent on faultless state, may there arise faultless state
by not-object condition, predominance condition ? . . . not-
object condition, non-disappearance condition ? ... not-
non-disappearance condition, root condition ? ... not-non¬
disappearance condition, object condition ? ... not-non¬
disappearance condition, disappearance condition ?
By not-non-disappearance and not-root conditions, object
condition ? . . . not-non-disappearance and not-root conditions,
disappearance condition ?
By not-non-disappearance, not-root, not-object, not-pre¬
dominance . . . not-presence and not-absence conditions,
disappearance condition ?
{d) Excellent and supreme are the Patthana triplets, couplets,
Couplets-triplets, triplets-couplets,
Triplets-triplets, couplets-couplets,
These six divisions in the Negative-Positive Method are
profound.
IZ8IO
(ANSWERS)
i. Faultless Triplet I. ' Dependent ’ Chapter
I. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Positive Root g
53. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
root condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise 1 three (faultless)
aggregates ; dependent on three (faultless) aggregates, arises 1
one (faultless) aggregate ; dependent on two (faultless) aggre¬
gates, arise 1 two (faultless) aggregates.
(ii) Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
by root condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(iii) Dependent on faultless state, arise faultless and indeter¬
minate states by root condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
(iv) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by root
condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(v) Dependent on faulty state, arises indeterminate state by
root condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(vi) Dependent on faulty state, arise faulty and indeter¬
minate states by root condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates
1 The verb is left out in all the classifications of the states, but is here included
as in the answers.
22
Faultless Triplet
23
and mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
(vii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by root condition.
{a) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and mind-produced matter; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and kamma-produced matter ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced matter ;
dependent on aggregates, arises (heart-)base ; dependent on
(heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great
primaries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary ; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on (four) great primaries, arise mind-
produced and kamma-produced derived matter. (1)
(viii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by root condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries,
arises mind-produced matter. (1)
(ix) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by root condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter. (1)
Object 3
Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
object condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; depen¬
dent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
24
Conditional Relations
(ii) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by object
condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by object condition.
(a) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates ; dependent on
three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates ;
(&) At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates ; dependent on
three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates ; dependent on (heart-)base,
arise aggregates.
Predominance g
55. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
predominance condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(ii) Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
by predominance condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(iii) Dependent on faultless state, arise faultless and inde¬
terminate states by predominance condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
(iv) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by pre¬
dominance condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
Faultless Triplet
25
(v) Dependent on faulty state, arises indeterminate state by
predominance condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(vi) Dependent on faulty state, arise faulty and indeter¬
minate states by predominance condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
(vii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by predominance condition.
{a) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and mind-produced matter; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(b) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary ; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arises mind-produced
derived matter. (1)
(viii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by predominance condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter. (1)
(ix) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by predominance condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter. (1)
Proximity 3, Contiguity 3
56. Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
proximity condition ... by contiguity condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates. . . . (Proximity and contiguity are the same as object
condition.)
26
Conditional Relations
Conascence g
57. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
conascence condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; depen¬
dent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(ii) Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
by conascence condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(iii) Dependent on faultless state, arise faultless and inde¬
terminate states by conascence condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
(iv) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by
conascence condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(v) Dependent on faulty state, arises indeterminate state by
conascence condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(vi) Dependent on faulty state, arise faulty and indeter¬
minate states by conascence condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates and
mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise
one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter. (3)
(vii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by conascence condition.
{a) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and mind-produced matter; dependent on two
Faultless Triplet
27
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-
produced matter; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and kamma-produced matter ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced matter ;
dependent on aggregates, arises (heart-)base ; dependent on
(heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arises three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced
and kamma-produced derived matter ;
(d) Dependent on one external great primary, arise three
great primaries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one
great primary; dependent on two great primaries, arise two
great primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arises derived
matter;
{e) Dependent on one nutriment-produced great primary,
arise three great primaries ; dependent on three great primaries,
arises one great primary ; dependent on two great primaries,
arise two great primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arises
derived matter ;
(/) Dependent on one temperature-produced great primary,
arise three great primaries ; dependent on three great primaries,
arises one great primary; dependent on two great primaries,
arise two great primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arises
derived matter ;
(g) Dependent on one great primary of non-percipient beings,
arise three great primaries ; dependent on three great primaries,
arises one great primary; dependent on two great primaries,
arise two great primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arises
kamma-produced derived matter. (1)
(viii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by conascence condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter. (1)
(ix) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state,
indeterminate state by conascence condition.
28
Conditional Relations
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter, (i)
Mutuality j
58. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
mutuality condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; depen¬
dent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates, (i) 1
(ii) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by
mutuality condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; depen¬
dent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates, (i) 1
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by mutuality condition.
(a) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates ; dependent on
three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates ;
(b) At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and (heart-)-
base ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one aggregate and
(heart-)base ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggre¬
gates and (heart-)base ; dependent on aggregates, arises (heart-)
base ; dependent on (heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(1 c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ;
(d)-(g) 2 External
nutriment-produced
temperature-
produced . . . dependent on one great primary of non-percipient
beings, arise three great primaries ; dependent on three great
primaries, arises one great primary; dependent on two great
primaries, arise two great primaries, (i) 3
1 Given as (3) in the Text.
2 Given in full in 57 (d), ( e ), (/) and (g). It is similarly abridged in the rest of
the Text. The difference here is that “ derived matter ” is excluded.
* Left out in the Text.
Faultless Triplet
29
Dependence g
59. Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
dependence condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate. .. . (Dependence condi¬
tion is the same as conascence condition.)
Strong-dependence 3
60. Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
strong-dependence condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate . . . (Strong-dependence
condition is the same as object condition.)
Prenascence 3
61. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
prenascence condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; depen¬
dent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates ; (dependent on
heart-) base, (arise faultless aggregates) by prenascence
condition.
(ii) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by
prenascence condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates ; (dependent on heart-)-
base, (arise faulty aggregates) by prenascence condition.
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by prenascence condition.
Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates ; dependent on
three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates ; (dependent on six) bases,
(arise resultant indeterminate or functional indeterminate
by prenascence condition.
Repetition 3
62. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
repetition condition.
L
30
Conditional Relations
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(ii) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by
repetition condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by repetition condition.
Dependent on one functional indeterminate aggregate, arise
three aggregates ; dependent on three aggregates, arises one
aggregate ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
Kamma g
63. (i)-(iii) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state
by kamma condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate . . . three.
(iv)-(vi) Dependent on faulty state . . . three.
(vii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by kamma condition.
(a) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate . . .
(b) At the moment of conception . . .
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries . . . dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced and
kamma-produced derived matter;
(1 d) Dependent on one great primary of non-percipient beings,
arise three great primaries . . . dependent on great primaries,
arises kamma-produced derived matter.
(viii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by kamma condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
(ix) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by kamma condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
Faultless Triplet
Resultant i
3i
64. Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by resultant condition.
(a) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate aggregate,
arise three aggregates and mind-produced matter ; dependent
on three aggregates, arise one aggregate and mind-produced
matter ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates and
mind-produced matter;
(6) At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and kamma-produced matter ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced matter ;
dependent on aggregates, arises (heart-)base ; dependent on
(heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary ; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced
and kamma-produced derived matter.
Nutriment 9
65. (i)-(iii) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state
by nutriment condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate . . . three.
(iv)-(vi) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by
nutriment condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate . . . three.
(vii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by nutriment condition.
(<z) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate . . .
(b) At the moment of conception . . .
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries . . . dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced and
kamma-produced derived matter ;
(d) Dependent on one nutriment-produced great primary . . .
dependent on great primaries, arises derived matter.
32
Conditional Relations
(viii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state . . .
(ix) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by nutriment condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
Faculty g
66. (i)-(iii) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state
by faculty condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate . . . three.
(iv)-(vi) Dependent on faulty state . . . three.
(vii)-(ix) Dependent on indeterminate state . . . Dependent
on one great primary of non-percipient beings . . . (Faculty
condition is the same as kamma condition.)
Jhana g, Rath g
67. Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by jhana
condition ... by path condition. (Jhana and path conditions
are the same as root condition.) *
Association 3
68. Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
association condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate . . . (Association con¬
dition is also the same as object condition.)
Dissociation g
69. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
dissociation condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates; (dependent on heart-)-
base, (arise faultless aggregates) by dissociation condition.
(ii) Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
by dissociation condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter; (dependent on) aggregates, (arises mind-produced
matter) by dissociation condition.
Faultless Triplet
33
(iii) Dependent on faultless state, arise faultless and indeter¬
minate states by dissociation condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter; (dependent on heart-)base, (arise) aggregates by
dissociation condition; (dependent on) aggregates, (arises)
mind-produced matter by dissociation condition. (3)
(iv) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by disso¬
ciation condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; depen¬
dent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates ; (dependent on
heart-)base, (arise faulty aggregates) by dissociation condition.
(v) Dependent on faulty state, arises indeterminate state by
dissociation condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter; (dependent on) aggregates, (arises mind-produced
matter) by dissociation condition.
(vi) Dependent on faulty state, arise faulty and indeter¬
minate states by dissociation condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter; (dependent on heart-)base, (arise) aggregates by
dissociation condition; (dependent on) aggregates, (arises)
mind-produced matter by dissociation condition. (3)
(vii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by dissociation condition.
(a) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and mind-produced matter; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(dependent on six) bases, (arise) aggregates by dissociation
condition ; (dependent on) aggregates, (arises) mind-produced
matter by dissociation condition ;
34
Conditional Relations
(b) At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and kamma-produced matter ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced matter ;
(dependent on heart-)base, (arise) aggregates by dissociation
condition; (dependent on) aggregates, (arises) kamma-
produced matter by dissociation condition ; dependent on
aggregates, (arises heart-)base ; dependent on (heart-)base,
(arise) aggregates ; (dependent on heart-)base, (arise) aggre¬
gates by dissociation condition ; (dependent on) aggregates,
(arises heart-)base by dissociation condition ;
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced
and kamma-produced derived matter; (dependent on) aggre¬
gates, (arise mind-produced and kamma-produced matter) by
dissociation condition, (i)
(viii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by dissociation condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter; (dependent on) aggregates, (arises
mind-produced matter) by dissociation condition, (i)
(ix) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by dissociation condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter; (dependent on) aggregates, (arises
mind-produced matter) by dissociation condition, (i)
Presence g
70. Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
presence condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates. . . .
(Abbreviated.) (Presence condition is the same as conascence
condition.)
35
Faultless Triplet
A bsence j, Disappearance 3
71. Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
absence condition ... by disappearance condition. . . . (Absence
and disappearance conditions are the same as object condition.)
Non-disappearance g
72. Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by non¬
disappearance condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates. . . . (Non-disappearance condition is the same as cona-
scence condition.)
(These twenty-three conditions should be expanded for recita¬
tion.)
I. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
NUMBERS (OF ANSWERS)
Root Condition as Reference
By Ones
73. With root (there are) 9 (answers), with object (there are) 3
(answers), predominance 9, proximity 3, contiguity 3, cona-
scence 9, mutuality 3, dependence 9, strong-dependence 3,
prenascence 3, repetition 3, kamma 9, resultant 1, nutriment 9,
faculty 9, jhana 9, path 9, association 3, dissociation 9, presence
9, absence 3, disappearance 3, (with) non-disappearance (there
are) 9 (answers). 1
By Twos
74. With root condition and object (there are) 3 (answers),
(with root condition and) predominance (there are) 9 (answers),
proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence 9, mutuality 3, depen¬
dence 9, strong-dependence 3, prenascence 3, repetition 3,
kamma 9, resultant 1, nutriment 9, faculty 9, jhana 9, path 9,
association 3, dissociation 9, presence 9, absence 3, disap¬
pearance 3, non-disappearance 9.
1 The answers are given above.
36
Conditional Relations
By Threes
75. With root, object conditions and predominance (there are) 3
(answers), proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence 3, mutuality 3,
dependence 3, strong-dependence 3, prenascence 3, repetition 3,
kamma 3, resultant 1, nutriment 3, faculty 3, jhana 3, path 3,
association 3, dissociation 3, presence 3, absence 3, disap¬
pearance 3, non-disappearance 3. ...
By Twelves
With Repetition Condition 1
76. With root, object, predominance, proximity, contiguity,
conascence, mutuality, dependence, strong-dependence, prena¬
scence, repetition conditions and kamma (there are) 3 (answers),
nutriment 3, faculty 3, jhana 3, path 3, association 3, dissocia¬
tion 3, presence 3, absence 3, disappearance 3, non-disap¬
pearance 3. ...
By Twenty-two
77. With root, object. . . repetition, kamma, nutriment, faculty,
jhana, path, association, dissociation, presence, absence,
disappearance conditions and non-disappearance (there are)
3 (answers).
Thir teens
With Resultant Condition 1
78. With root, object. . . prenascence, kamma, resultant condi¬
tions and nutriment (there is) 1 (answer), faculty 1, jhana 1,
path 1, association 1, dissociation 1, presence 1, absence 1,
disappearance 1, non-disappearance 1. ...
By Twenty-two
79. With root, object . . . prenascence, kamma, resultant,
nutriment, faculty, jhana, path, association, dissociation,
presence, absence, disappearance conditions and non-disap¬
pearance (there is) 1 (answer).
End of Numbers (of Answers) with Root Condition as Reference.
1 Not mentioned in the Text.
Faultless Triplet 37
Object , etc.
By Twos
(All 1 those that include object have 3 (answers to the)
questions.)
80. With object condition and root (there are) 3 (answers),
predominance 3 . . . non-disappearance 3. . . .
With predominance condition and root (there are) 9 (answers).
object 3 . . . non-disappearance 9. . . .
With proximity, contiguity conditions and root (there are)
3 (answers) . . . non-disappearance 3. . . .
With conascence condition and root 9. . . .
With mutuality condition and root 3. . . .
With dependence condition and root 9. . . .
With strong-dependence condition and root 3. . . .
With prenascence condition and root 3. . . .
Repetition
By Twos
81. With repetition condition and root (there are) 3 (answers),
object 3, predominance 3, proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence
3, mutuality 3, dependence 3, strong-dependence 3, prenascence
3, kamma 3, nutriment 3, faculty 3, jhana 3, path 3, associa¬
tion 3, dissociation 3, presence 3, absence 3, disappearance 3,
non-disappearance 3. (With repetition condition and resultant
nil.)
Kamma
By Twos
82. With kamma condition and root (there are) 9 (answers). . . .
Resultant
By Twos
83. With resultant condition and root (there is) 1 (answer),
object 1, predominance 1, proximity 1, contiguity 1, conascence
1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, strong-dependence 1, prena¬
scence 1, kamma 1, nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, path 1,
1 There is one exception (i.e. With object condition and resultant) where the
answer is i.
38
Conditional Relations
association i, dissociation i, presence i, absence i, disap¬
pearance i, non-disappearance i. (With resultant condition
and repetition nil.)
Nutriment, etc.
By Twos
84. With nutriment condition and root (there are) 9 (answers).
• • •
With faculty condition and root (there are) 9 (answers). . . .
With jhana condition and root (there are) 9 (answers). . . .
With path condition and root (there are) 9 (answers). . . .
With association condition and root (there are) 3 (answers)....
With dissociation condition and root (there are) 9
(answers). . . .
With presence condition and root (there are) 9 (answers). . . .
With absence condition and root (there are) 3 (answers). . . .
With disappearance condition and root (there are) 3
(answers). . . .
Non-disappearance
By Twos
85. With non-disappearance condition and root (there are)
9 (answers), object 3, predominance 9 . . . absence 3, disap¬
pearance 3.
(Taking each condition as reference, the enumeration of the
rest should be done for recitation.)
End of Positive.
2 . CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Negative Not-root 2
86. (i) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by not-
root condition.
Dependent on doubt-accompanied or restlessness-accom¬
panied aggregates, arises doubt-accompanied or restlessness-
accompanied delusion.
(ii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-root condition.
Faultless Triplet
39
(a) Dependent on one rootless resultant indeterminate or
functional indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and
mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise
one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of rootless conception, dependent on one
resultant indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and
kamma-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise
one aggregate and kamma-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced
matter ; dependent on aggregates, arises (heart-)base ; depen¬
dent on (heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary ; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced
and kamma-produced derived matter ;
(d) External . . . nutriment-produced . . . temperature-
produced . . . dependent on one great primary of non-percipient
beings, arise three great primaries ; dependent on three great
primaries, arises one great primary; dependent on two great
primaries, arise two great primaries ; dependent on great
primaries, arises kamma-produced derived matter.
Not-object 5
87. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
by not-object condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(ii) Dependent on faulty state, arises indeterminate state by
not-object condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced matter.
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-object condition.
(a) Dependent on resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregates, arises mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of conception, dependent on resultant
indeterminate aggregates, arises kamma-produced matter;
dependent on aggregates, arises (heart-)base ;
40
Conditional Relations
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced
and kamma-produced derived matter ;
(d) External . . . nutriment-produced . . . temperature-
produced . . . dependent on one great primary of non-percipient
beings, arise three great primaries ; dependent on three great
primaries, arises one great primary ; dependent on two great
primaries, arise two great primaries ; dependent on great
primaries, arises kamma-produced derived matter.
(iv) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-object condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
(v) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-object condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
Not-predominance g
88. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
not-predominance condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates ; dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ;
dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(ii) Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
by not-predominance condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(iii) Dependent on faultless state, arise faultless and inde¬
terminate states by not-predominance condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
Dependent on
predominance condition.
faulty state, arises faulty state by not-
Faultless Triplet
4i
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(v) Dependent on faulty state, arises indeterminate state
by not-predominance condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(vi) Dependent on faulty state, arise faulty and indeter¬
minate states by not-predominance condition.
Dependent on one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
(vii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-predominance condition.
(a) Dependent on one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and mind-produced matter; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-
produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and kamma-produced matter; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced matter ;
dependent on aggregates, arises (heart-)base ; dependent on
(heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary ; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced
and kamma-produced derived matter ;
(d) External . . . nutriment-produced . . . temperature-
produced . . . dependent on one great primary of non-percipient
beings, arise three great primaries ; dependent on three great
primaries, arises one great primary ; dependent on two great
primaries, arise two great primaries; dependent on great prima¬
ries, arises kamma-produced derived matter. (1)
42
Conditional Relations
(viii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-predominance condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter, (i)
(ix) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-predominance condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter, (i)
Not-proximity 5, Not-contiguity 5
89. Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state by
not-proximity condition ... by not-contiguity condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter. . . . (Not-proximity and not-contiguity conditions are
also the same as not-object condition.)
Not-mutuality 5
90. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
by not-mutuality condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(ii) Dependent on faulty state, arises indeterminate state by
not-mutuality condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced matter.
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-mutuality condition.
(a) Dependent on resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregates, arises mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of conception, dependent on resultant
indeterminate aggregates, arises kamma-produced matter ;
(c) Dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced and
kamma-produced derived matter ;
(d) Dependent on external great primaries, arises derived
matter ; dependent on nutriment-produced great primaries,
arises derived matter ; dependent on temperature-produced
great primaries, arises derived matter; dependent on great
primaries of non-percipient beings, arises kamma-produced
derived matter.
Faultless Triplet
43
(iv) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-mutuality condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
(v) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-mutuality condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
Not-strong- dependence 5
91. Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state by
not-strong-dependence condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter. . . . (Not-strong-dependence condition is the same as
not-object condition.)
Not-prenascence 7
92. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
not-prenascence condition.
In the immaterial plane, dependent on one faultless aggre¬
gate, arise three aggregates ; dependent on three aggregates,
arises one aggregate ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two
aggregates.
(ii) Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
by not-prenascence condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter. (2)
(iii) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by not-
prenascence condition.
In the immaterial plane, dependent on one faulty aggregate,
arise three aggregates ; dependent on three aggregates, arises
one aggregate ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggre¬
gates.
(iv) Dependent on faulty state, arises indeterminate state
by not-prenascence condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter. (2)
(v) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-prenascence condition.
44
Conditional Relations
(a) In the immaterial plane, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate or functional indeterminate aggregate, arise
three aggregates ; dependent on three aggregates, arises one
aggregate ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates ;
dependent on resultant indeterminate or functional indeter¬
minate aggregates, arises mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of conception, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-
produced matter; dependent on three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and kamma-produced matter; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced matter ;
dependent on aggregates, arises (heart-)base ; dependent on
(heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced
and kamma-produced derived matter ;
(d) External . . . nutriment-produced . . . temperature-
produced . . . dependent on one great primary of non-percipient
beings, arise three great primaries ; dependent on three great
primaries, arises one great primary; dependent on two great
primaries, arise two great primaries; dependent on great
primaries, arises kamma-produced derived matter, (i)
(vi) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-prenascence condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
(vii) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-prenascence condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
Not-postnascence g, Not-repetition g
93. Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by not-
postnascence condition.
Dependent on one faultless aggregate. . . .
Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by not-
repetition condition.
Faultless Triplet
45
Dependent on one faultless aggregate. .. . (Not-postnascence
and not-repetition conditions are also the same as not-predomi-
nance condition.)
Not-kamma 3
94. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
not-kamma condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises faultless volition.
(ii) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by not-
kamma condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates, arises faulty volition.
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-kamma condition.
(a) Dependent on functional indeterminate aggregates, arises
functional indeterminate volition ;
(b) External . . . nutriment-produced .. . dependent on one
temperature-produced great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries; dependent on great primaries, arises derived
matter.
Not-resultant 9
95. (i)-(iii) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state
by not-resultant condition.
aggregate
• •
three
(iv)-(vi) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by
not-resultant condition
three.
(vii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-resultant condition.
(a) Dependent on one functional indeterminate aggregate,
arise three aggregates and mind-produced matter ; dependent
on three aggregates, arise one aggregate and mind-produced
matter ; dependent on two
and mind-produced matter;
aggregates
(b)
nes
: great primary, arise three great prima
great primaries, arises mind-producec
derived matter
46
Conditional Relations
(c) External . . . nutriment-produced . . . temperature-
produced . . . dependent on one great primary of non-percipient
beings, arise three great primaries . . . dependent on great
primaries, arises kamma-produced derived matter.
(viii) Dependent on faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-resultant condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates and great primaries,
arises mind-produced matter.
(ix) Dependent on faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by not-resultant condition.
Dependent on faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
Not-nutriment i
96. Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-nutriment condition.
External . . . temperature-produced . . . dependent on one
great primary of non-percipient beings, arise three great
primaries . . . dependent on great primaries, arises kamma-
produced derived matter.
Not-jacnlty 1
97. Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-faculty condition.
External . . . nutriment-produced . . . dependent on one
temperature-produced great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries . . . dependent on great primaries, arises derived matter;
dependent on great primaries of non-percipient beings, arises
physical life-faculty.
Not-jhana 1
98. Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-jhana condition.
(a) Dependent on one five-consciousness-accompanied aggre¬
gate, arise three aggregates ; dependent on three aggregates,
arises one aggregate ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two
aggregates ;
Faultless Triplet
47
( b) External . . . nutriment-produced . . . temperature-
produced . . . dependent on one great primary of non-percipient
beings, arise three great primaries . . . dependent on great
primaries, arises kamma-produced derived matter.
Not-path i
99. Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-path condition.
(a) Dependent on one rootless resultant indeterminate or
functional indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and
mind-produced matter ; dependent on three aggregates, arise
one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; dependent on two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of rootless conception, dependent on one
resultant indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and
kamma-produced matter; dependent on three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and kamma-produced matter ; dependent
on two aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced
matter ; dependent on aggregates, arises (heart-)base ; depen¬
dent on (heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Dependent on one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries ; dependent on three great primaries, arises one great
primary ; dependent on two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ; dependent on great primaries, arise mind-produced
and kamma-produced derived matter ;
( d) External
• • •
nutriment-produced
• •
temperature-
produced . . . dependent on one great primary of non-percipient
beings, arise three great primaries
• •
dependent on great
primaries, arises kamma-produced derived matter.
Not-association 5
100. Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
bv not-association condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter. . . . (The same as not-object condition.)
Not-dissociation 5
101. (i) Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state by
not-dissociation condition.
48
Conditional Relations
In the immaterial plane, dependent on one faultless aggre¬
gate, arise three aggregates ; dependent on three aggregates,
arises one aggregate ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two
aggregates.
(ii) Dependent on faulty state, arises faulty state by not-
dissociation condition.
In the immaterial plane, dependent on one faulty aggregate,
arise three aggregates ; dependent on three aggregates, arises
one aggregate; dependent on two aggregates, arise two
aggregates.
(iii) Dependent on indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by not-dissociation condition.
(a) In the immaterial plane, dependent on one resultant
indeterminate or functional indeterminate aggregate, arise three
aggregates ; dependent on three aggregates, arises one aggre¬
gate ; dependent on two aggregates, arise two aggregates ;
(b) External . . . nutriment-produced . . . temperature-
produced . . . dependent on one great primary of non-percipient
beings, arise three great primaries . . . dependent on great
primaries, arises kamma-produced derived matter.
Not-absence j, Not-disappearance 5
102. Dependent on faultless state, arises indeterminate state
by not-absence condition ... by not-disappearance condition.
Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter. . . . (Same as not-object condition.)
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
Numbers (of Answers)
By Ones
103. With not-root (there are) 2 (answers), with not-object
(there are) 5 (answers), not-predominance 9, not-proximity 5,
not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5,
not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-
kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1,
not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
Faultless Triplet
Not-root
49
By Twos
104. With not-root condition and not-object (there is) 1
(answer), not-predominance 2, not-proximity 1, not-contiguity
1, not-mutuality 1, not-strong-dependence 1, not-prenascence 2,
not-postnascence 2, not-repetition 2, not-kamma 1, not-resul-
tant 2, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-association 1, not-dissociation 2, not-absence 1, not-
disappearance 1.
By Threes
105. With not-root, not-object conditions and not-predomi¬
nance (there is) 1 (answer), not-proximity 1, not-contiguity 1,
not-mutuality 1, not-strong-dependence 1, not-prenascence 1,
not-postnascence 1, not-repetition 1, not-kamma 1, not-
resultant 1, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-
path 1, not-association 1, not-dissociation 1, not-absence 1,
not-disappearance r. ...
By Twenty
106. With not-root, not-object, not-predominance, not-proxi¬
mity, not-contiguity, not-mutuality, not-strong-dependence,
not-prenascence, not-postnascence, not-repetition, not-kamma,
not-resultant, not-nutriment, not-faculty, not-jhana, not-path,
not-association, not-dissociation, not-absence conditions and
not-disappearance (there is) 1 (answer).
Not-object
By Twos
Toy. With not-object condition and not-root (there is) 1
(answer), not-predominance 5, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity
5, not-mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 5,
not-postnascence 5, not-repetition 5, not-kamma 1, not-resul¬
tant 5, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-association 5, not-dissociation 1, not-absence 5, not-disap¬
pearance 5. ...
By Fours
108. With not-object, not-root, not-predominance conditions
50
Conditional Relations
and not-proximity (there is) i (answer) . . . not-absence i,
not-disappearance i. ...
N ot-predominance
By Twos
109. With not-predominance condition and not-root (there are)
2 (answers), not-object 5, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5,
not-mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resul-
tant 9, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-
disappearance 5.
By Threes
no. With not-predominance, not-root conditions and not-
object (there is) 1 (answer), not-proximity 1, not-contiguity 1,
not-mutuality 1, not-strong-dependence 1, not-prenascence 2,
not-postnascence 2, not-repetition 2, not-kamma 1, not-resul-
tant 2, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-association 1, not-dissociation 2, not-absence 1, not-
disappearance 1.
By Fours
hi. With not-predominance, not-root, not object conditions
and not-proximity (there is) 1 (answer) . . . (All are 1) . . . not-
dissociation 1, not-absence 1, not-disappearance 1. ...
Not-proximity, etc.
112. With not-proximity condition . . . with not-contiguity
condition . . . with not-mutuality condition . . . with not-
strong-dependence condition_(Same as not-object condition.)
Not-prenascence
By Twos
113. With not-prenascence condition and not-root (there are)
2 (answers), not-object 5, not-predominance 7, not-proximity 5,
not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5,
not-postnascence 7, not-repetition 7, not-kamma 3, not-resul-
tant 7, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
Faultless Triplet 51
not-association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disap-
pearance 5.
By Threes
114. With not-prenascence, not-root conditions and not-object
(there is) 1 (answer), not-predominance 2, not-proximity 1,
not-contiguity 1, not-mutuality 1, not-strong-dependence 1,
not-postnascence 2, not-repetition 2, not-kamma 1, not-resul-
tant 2, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-association 1, not-dissociation 2, not-absence 1, not-
disappearance 1.
By Fours
115. With not-prenascence, not-root, not-object conditions and
not-predominance (there is) 1 (answer), not-proximity 1 . . .
(All are 1) . . . not-absence 1, not-disappearance 1. ...
Not-postnascence , Not-repetition
By Twos
116. With not-postnascence condition . . . with not-repetition
condition and not-root (there are) 2 (answers), not-object 5,
not-predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-nutri¬
ment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1, not-association
5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
By Threes
117. With not-repetition, not-root conditions and not-object
(there is) 1 (answer), not-predominance 2, not-proximity 1,
not-contiguity 1, not-mutuality 1, not-strong-dependence 1,
not-prenascence 2, not-postnascence 2, not-kamma 1, not-
resultant 2, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-
path 1, not-association 1, not-dissociation 2, not-absence 1,
not-disappearance 1.
By Fours
118. With not-repetition, not-root, not-object conditions and
not-predominance (there is) 1 (answer), not-proximity 1 . . .
(All are 1) . . . not-absence 1, not-disappearance 1. ...
52
Conditional Relations
Not-kamma
By Twos
119. With not-kamma condition and not-root (there is) 1
(answer), not-object 1, not-predominance 3, not-proximity 1,
not-contiguity 1, not-mutuality 1, not-strong-dependence 1,
not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3, not-
resultant 3, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-
path 1, not-association 1, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 1,
not-disappearance 1.
By Threes
120. With not-kamma, not-root conditions and not-object
(there is) 1 (answer), not-predominance 1 . . . (All are 1) . . . not-
absence 1, not-disappearance 1. ...
N ot-resultant
By Twos
121. With not-resultant condition and not-root (there are) 2
(answers), not-object 5, not-predominance 9, not-proximity 5,
not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5,
not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9,
not-kamma 3, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1,
not-path 1, not-association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5,
not-disappearance 5.
By Threes
. With
(there is) 1 (answer), not-predominance 2, not-proximity 1, not-
contiguity 1, not-mutuality 1, not-strong-dependence 1, not-
prenascence 2, not-postnascence 2, not-repetition 2, not-kamma
1, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-association 1, not-dissociation 2, not-absence 1, not-
disappearance 1.
By Fours
123. With not-resultant, not-root, not-object conditions and
not-predominance (there is) 1 (answer) . . . (All are 1) . . .
not-absence 1, not-disappearance 1. ...
Faultless Triplet
Not-nutriment , etc.
53
By Twos
124. With not-nutriment condition . . . with not-faculty condi¬
tion . . . with not-jhana condition . . . with not-path condition
and not-root (there is) 1 (answer) .. . (All are 1) . . . not-absence
1, not-disappearance 1. ...
Not-association
By Twos
125. With not-association condition and not-root (there is) 1
(answer), not-object 5 . . . (same as not-object condition) . . .
not-disappearance 5.
Not-dissociation
By Twos
126. With not-dissociation condition and not-root (there are) 2
(answers), not-object 1, not-predominance 3, not-proximity 1,
not-contiguity 1, not-mutuality I, not-strong-dependence 1,
not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3, not-
kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1,
not-jhana 1, not-path 1, not-association 1, not-absence 1,
not-disappearance 1.
By Threes
127. With not-dissociation, not-root conditions and not-object
(there is) 1 (answer), not-predominance 2, not-proximity 1,
not-contiguity 1, not-mutuality 1, not-strong-dependence 1,
not-prenascence 2, not-postnascence 2, not-repetition 2, not-
kamma 1, not-resultant 2, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-
jhana 1, not-path 1, not-association 1, not-absence 1, not-
disappearance 1.
By Fours
128. With not-dissociation, not-root, not-object conditions and
not-predominance (there is) 1 (answer), not-proximity 1 . . .
(All are 1) . . . not-absence 1, not-disappearance 1. ...
54
Conditional Relations
Not-absence, Not-disappearance
By Twos
129. With not-absence condition . . . with not-disappearance
condition and not-root (there is) 1 (answer), not-object 5, not-
predominance 5, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 5,
not-postnascence 5, not-repetition 5, not-kamma 1, not-resultant
5, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-association 5, not-dissociation 1, not-absence 5.
By Threes
130. With not-disappearance, not-root conditions and not-
object (there is) 1 (answer), not-predominance 1 . . . (All are 1)
. . . not-dissociation 1, not-absence 1. . . . (All are the same as
not-object condition.)
End of Negative.
3 . CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root
By Twos
131. With root condition, not-object (there are) 5 (answers),
(with root condition,) not-predominance 9, not-proximity 5,
not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5,
not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-
kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-association 5, not-dissociation 3,
not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
By Threes
132. With root and object conditions, not-predominance 3
(answers), not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition
3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3.
By Fours
133. With root, object and predominance conditions, not-
prenascence 3 (answers), not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3,
not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. ...
By Elevens
134. With root, object, predominance, proximity, contiguity,
conascence, mutuality, dependence, strong-dependence -and
Faultless Triplet
55
prenascence conditions, not-postnascence 3 (answers), not-
repetition 3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3.
^By Twelves (with repetition)
I 35 - With root, object . . . prenascence and repetition condi¬
tions, not-postnascence 3 (answers), not-kamma 3, not-resul¬
tant 3. . . .
By Twenty-threes
136. With root, object . . . prenascence, repetition, kamma,
nutriment, faculty, jhana, path, association, dissociation,
presence, absence, disappearance and non-disappearance condi¬
tions, not-postnascence 3 (answers), not-resultant 3.
By Thirteens (with resultant)
137. With root, object . . . prenascence, kamma and resultant
conditions, not-postnascence 1 (answer), not-repetition 1. . . .
By Twenty-threes
138. With root, object . . . prenascence, kamma, resultant,
nutriment, faculty, jhana, path, association, dissociation,
presence, absence, disappearance and non-disappearance condi¬
tions, not-postnascence 1 (answer), not-repetition 1.
Object
By Twos
139. With object condition, not-root 2 (answers), not-predomi-
nance 3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition
3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-dissociation 3.
By Threes
140. With object and root conditions, not-predominance 3
(answers), not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition
3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3.
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Predominance
By Twos
141. With predominance condition, not-object 5, not-proximity
5, not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5,
56
Conditional Relations
not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-
kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-association 5, not-dissociation 3,
not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5. ...
By Fours
142. With predominance, root and object conditions, not-
prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3, not-kamma
3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. ...
Proximity, Contiguity
By Twos
(Proximity and contiguity conditions should be expanded in
the same way as object condition.)
Conascence
By Twos
143. With conascence condition, not-root 2, not-object 5,
not-predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant
9, not-nutriment 1, not-faculty I, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disap¬
pearance 5.
By Threes
144. With conascence and root conditions, not-object 5, not-
predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resul¬
tant 9, not-association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5,
not-disappearance 5.
By Fours
145. With conascence, root and object conditions, not-pre¬
dominance 3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-
repetition 3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3.
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Faultless Triplet
Mutuality
57
By Twos
146. With mutuality condition, not-root 2, not-object 1, not-
predominance 3, not-proximity 1, not-contiguity 1, not-strong-
dependence 1, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-
repetition 3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-nutriment 1,
not-facuity 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1, not-association 1, not-
dissociation 3, not-absence 1, not-disappearance 1.
By Threes
147. With mutuality and root conditions, not-object 1, not-
predominance 3, not-proximity 1, not-contiguity 1, not-strong-
dependence 1, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-
repetition 3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-association 1,
not-dissociation 3, not-absence 1, not-disappearance 1.
By Fours
148. With mutuality, root and object conditions, not-predomi-
nance 3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition
3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3.
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Dependence, Strong-dependence
By Twos
149. With dependence condition, not-root 2, not-object 5.
(Dependence condition is the same as conascence. Strong-
dependence condition is the same as object.)
Prenascence
By Twos
150. With prenascence condition, not-root 2, not-predominance
3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3, not-kamma 3, not-
resultant 3, not-jhana 1, not-path 1.
By Threes
151. With prenascence and root conditions, not-predominance
3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3, not-kamma 3, not-
resultant 3. ...
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
58
Conditional Relations
Repetition
By Twos
152. With repetition condition, not-root 2, not-predominance
3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-kamma 3, not-
resultant 3, not-path 1, not-dissociation 3.
By Threes
153. With repetition and root conditions, not-predominance 3,
not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-kamma 3, not-
resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. ...
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Kamma
By Twos
154. With kamma condition, not-root 2, not-object 5, not-
predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7, not-
postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-resnltant 9, not-nutriment
1, not-facuity 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1, not-association 5,
not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
By Threes
155. With kamma and root conditions, not-object 5, not-predo¬
minance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5,
not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence 9,
not-repetition 9, not-resultant 9, not-association 5, not-
dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
By Fours
156. With kamma, root and object conditions, not-predomi¬
nance 3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition
3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. ...
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Resultant
By Twos
157. With resultant condition, not-root 1, not-object 1, not-
predominance 1, not-proximity 1, not-contiguity 1, not-
Faultless Triplet
59
mutuality i, not-strong-dependence i, not-prenascence i, not-
postnascence i, not-repetition i, not-jhana i, not-path i,
not-association i, not-dissociation i, not-absence i, not-
disappearance i.
By Threes
158. With resultant and root conditions, not-object 1, not-
predominance 1, not-proximity 1, not-contiguity 1, not-
mutuality 1, not-strong-dependence 1, not-prenascence 1,
not-postnascence 1, not-repetition 1, not-association 1, not-
dissociation 1, not-absence 1, not-disappearance 1.
By Fours
159. With resultant, root and object conditions, not-predomi-
nance 1, not-prenascence 1, not-postnascence 1, not-repetition
1, not-dissociation 1.
By Fives
160. With resultant, root, object and predominance conditions,
not-prenascence 1, not-postnascence 1, not-repetition 1, not-
dissociation 1. ...
By Twenty-threes
161. With resultant, root, object, predominance, proximity,
contiguity, conascence, mutuality, dependence, strong-depen¬
dence, prenascence, kamma, nutriment, faculty, jhana, path,
association, dissociation, presence, absence, disappearance and
non-disappearance conditions, not-postnascence 1, not-repeti¬
tion 1.
Nutriment
By Twos
162. With nutriment condition, not-root 2, not-object 5, not-
predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resul-
tant 9, not-faculty 1, not-jhana i, not-path 1, not-association 5,
not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
6o
Conditional Relations
By Threes
163. With nutriment and root conditions, not-object 5, not-
predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-
resultant 9, not-association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5,
not-disappearance 5.
By Fours
164. With nutriment, root and object conditions, not-predomi-
nance 3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition
3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. ...
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Faculty
By Twos
165. With faculty condition, not-root 2, not-object 5, not-
predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-
resultant 9, not-nutriment 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1, not-
association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disap¬
pearance 5.
By Threes
166. With faculty and root conditions, not-object 5, not-predo-
minance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5,
not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence
9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-associa¬
tion 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
By Fours
167. With faculty, root and object conditions, not-predomi-
nance 3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition
3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. ...
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Faultless Triplet
Jhana
By Twos
168. With jhana condition, not-root 2, not-object 5, not-
predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-
resultant 9, not-path 1, not-association 5, not-dissociation 3,
not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence
By Threes
169. With jhana and root conditions, not-object 5, not-pre-
dominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5,not-mutuality
5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence
9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-associa¬
tion 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
By Fours
170. With jhana, root and object conditions, not-predominance
3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3,
not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. . . .
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Path
By Twos
171. With path condition, not-root 1, not-object 5, not-predo¬
minance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5,
not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence
9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-associa-
tion 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
By Threes
172. With path and root conditions, not-object 5, not-predo-
minance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5,
not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence
9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-associa¬
tion 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
By Fours
173. With path, root and object conditions, not-predominance
62
Conditional Relations
3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3,
not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. . . .
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
A ssociation
By Twos
174. With association condition, not-root 2, not-predominance
3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3, not-
kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-jhana 1, not-path 1, not-
dissociation 3.
By Threes
175. With association and root conditions, not-predominance
3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3,
not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. . . .
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Dissociation
By Twos
176. With dissociation condition, not-root 2, not-object 5,
not-predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 5, not-
postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9,
not-jhana 1, not-path 1, not-association 5, not-absence 5, not-
disappearance 5.
By Threes
177. With dissociation and root conditions, not-object 5, not-
predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 5, not-
postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9,
not-association 5, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5.
By Fours
178. With dissociation, root and object conditions, not-pre¬
dominance 3, not-prenascence 1, not-postnascence 3, not-
repetition 3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3.
Faultless Triplet
63
By Fives
179. With dissociation, root, object and predominance condi¬
tions, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition 3, not-kamma 3,
not-resultant 3. ...
By Twelves
180. With dissociation, root, object, predominance, proximity,
contiguity, conascence, mutuality, dependence, strong-depen¬
dence and prenascence conditions, not-postnascence 3, not-
repetition 3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3. ...
By Twenty-threes (with repetition)
181. With dissociation, root. . . prenascence, repetition, kamma,
nutriment . . . and non-disappearance conditions, not-post¬
nascence 3, not-resultant 3.
By Four teens (with resultant)
182. With dissociation, root . . . prenascence, kamma and
resultant conditions, not-postnascence 1, not-repetition 1. ...
By Twenty-threes
183. With dissociation, root . . . prenascence, kamma, resul¬
tant, nutriment . . . and non-disappearance conditions, not-
postnascence 1, not-repetition 1.
Presence
By Twos
184. With presence condition, not-root 2, not-object 5, not-
predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resul¬
tant 9, not-nutriment 1, not-facuity 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1,
not-association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disap-
pearance 5.
By Threes
185. With presence and root conditions, not-object 5, not-
predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
64
Conditional Relations
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-
resultant 9, not-association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5,
not-disappearance 5.
By Fours
186. With presence, root and object conditions, not-predomi-
nance 3, not-prenascence 3, not-postnascence 3, not-repetition
3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-dissociation 3. ...
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
A bsence, Disappearance
By Twos
187. With absence condition . . . with disappearance condition,
not-root 2, not-predominance 3, not-prenascence 3, not-post¬
nascence 3, not-repetition 3, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 3, not-
jhana 1, not-path 1, not-dissociation 3. ...
(Expand in the same way as object condition.)
Non-disappearance
By Twos
188. With non-disappearance condition, not-root 2, not-object
5, not-predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7, not-
postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9,
not-nutriment 1, not-facuity 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1, not-
association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disap¬
pearance 5.
By Threes
189. With non-disappearance and root conditions, not-object
5, not-predominance 9, not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-
mutuality 5, not-strong-dependence 5, not-prenascence 7,
not-postnascence 9, not-repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resul¬
tant 9, not-association 5, not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5,
not-disappearance 5. ...
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
End of Positive-Negative Enumeration.
Faultless Triplet
4. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root
65
By Twos
190. With not-root condition, object 2, proximity 2, contiguity
2, conascence 2, mutuality 2, dependence 2, strong-dependence
2, prenascence 2, repetition 2, kamma 2, resultant 1, nutriment
2, faculty 2, jhana 2, path 1, association 2, dissociation 2,
presence 2, absence 2, disappearance 2, non-disappearance 2.
By Threes
191. With not-root and not-object conditions, conascence 1,
mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1, nutriment 1,
faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1, non-disappearance
X • • t •
By Sevens
192. With not-root, not-object, not-predominance, not-proxi-'
mity, not-contiguity and not-mutuality conditions, conascence
1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1, nutriment 1, faculty 1,
jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1, non-disappearance 1 (All
are 1). ...
By Tens
193. With not-root, not-object, not-predominance, not-proxi-
mity, not-contiguity, not-mutuality, not-strong-dependence,
not-prenascence, not-postnascence, not-repetition. (Up to
repetition all are the same. When not-kamma is considered,
there are five questions.)
With not-root, not-object. . . not-repetition and not-kamma
conditions, conascence 1, dependence 1, nutriment 1, presence
1, non-disappearance 1. ...
By Four teens
194. With not-root, not-object, not-predominance, not-proxi-
mity, not-contiguity, not-mutuality, not-strong-dependence,
not-prenascence, not-postnascence, not-repetition, not-kamma,
not-resultant and not-nutriment conditions, conascence 1,
dependence 1, presence 1, non-disappearance 1. ...
66
Conditional Relations
By Twenty-ones
195. With not-root, not-object, not-predominance, not-proxi-
mity, not-contiguity, not-mutuality, not-strong-dependence,
not-prenascence, not-postnascence, not-repetition, not-kamma,
not-resultant, not-nutriment, not-faculty, not-jhana, not-path,
not-association, not-dissociation, not-absence and not-disap-
pearance conditions, conascence 1, dependence 1, presence 1,
non-disappearance 1.
Not-object
By Twos
196. With not-object condition, root 5, predominance 5,
conascence 5, mutuality 1, dependence 5, kamma 5, resultant 1,
nutriment 5, faculty 5, jhana 5, path 5, dissociation 5, presence
5, non-disappearance 5.
By Threes
•197. With not-object and not-root conditions, conascence 1,
mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1, nutriment 1,
faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1, non-disappearance
I • • • •
(Expand in the same way as not-root condition.)
Not-predominance
By Twos
198. With not-predominance condition, root 9, object 3,
proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence 9, mutuality 3, dependence
9, strong-dependence 3, prenascence 3, repetition 3, kamma 9,
resultant 1, nutriment 9, faculty 9, jhana 9, path 9, association
3, dissociation 9, presence 9, absence 3, disappearance 3, non¬
disappearance 9.
By Threes
199. With not-predominance and not-root conditions, object 2,
proximity 2, contiguity 2, conascence 2, mutuality 2, depen¬
dence 2, strong-dependence 2, prenascence 2, repetition 2,
kamma 2, resultant 1, nutriment 2, faculty 2, jhana 2, path 1,
association 2, dissociation 2, presence 2, absence 2, disap¬
pearance 2, non-disappearance 2.
Faultless Triplet
6 7
By Fours
200. With not-predominance, not-root and not-object condi¬
tions, conascence i, mutuality i, dependence i, kamma i,
resultant i, nutriment i, faculty i, jhana i, dissociation i,
presence i, non-disappearance i. ... (Abbreviated.)
N ot-proximity, etc.
By Twos
201. With not-proximity condition . . . with not-contiguity
condition . . . with not-mutuality condition . . . with not-
strong-dependence condition, root 5, predominance 5, cona¬
scence 5, mutuality i, dependence 5, kamma 5, resultant 1,
nutriment 5, faculty 5, jhana 5, path 5, dissociation 5, presence
5, non-disappearance 5.
By Threes
202. With not-strong-dependence and not-root conditions,
conascence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1,
nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1,
non-disappearance 1.
(Abbreviated.)
Not-prenascence
By Twos
203. With not-prenascence condition, root 7, object 3, predomi¬
nance 7, proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence 7, mutuality 3,
dependence 7, strong-dependence 3, repetition 3, kamma 7,
resultant 1, nutriment 7, faculty 7, jhana 7, path 7, association
3, dissociation 5, presence 7, absence 3, disappearance 3, non¬
disappearance 7.
'y Threes
204. With not-prenascence and not-root conditions, object 2,
proximity 2, contiguity 2, conascence 2, mutuality 2, depen¬
dence 2, strong-dependence 2, repetition 1, kamma 2, resultant
1, nutriment 2, faculty 2, jhana 2, path 1, association 2, dis¬
sociation 1, presence 2, absence 2, disappearance 2, non-dis¬
appearance 2.
68
Conditional Relations
By Fours
205. With not-prenascence, not-root and not-object condi¬
tions, conascence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1,
resultant 1, nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1,
presence 1, non-disappearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
Not-postnascence
By Twos
206. With not-postnascence condition, root 9, object 3, predo¬
minance 9, proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence 9, mutuality 3,
dependence 9, strong-dependence 3, prenascence 3, repetition 3,
kamma 9, resultant 1, nutriment 9, faculty 9, jhana 9, path 9,
association 3, dissociation 9, presence 9, absence 3, disap¬
pearance 3, non-disappearance 9.
By Threes
207. With not-postnascence and not-root conditions, object 2,
proximity 2, contiguity 2, conascence 2, mutuality 2, depen¬
dence 2, strong-dependence 2, prenascence 2, repetition 2,
kamma 2, resultant 1, nutriment 2, faculty 2, jhana 2, path 1,
association 2, dissociation 2, presence 2, absence 2, disap¬
pearance 2, non-disappearance 2.
By Fours
208. With not-postnascence, not-root and not-object conditions,
conascence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1,
nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1,
non-disappearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
N ot-repetition
By Twos
209. With not-repetition condition, root 9, object 3, predomi¬
nance 9, proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence 9, mutuality 3,
dependence 9, strong-dependence 3, prenascence 3, kamma 9,
resultant 1, nutriment 9, faculty 9, jhana 9, path 9, association
3, dissociation 9, presence 9, absence 3, disappearance 3, non¬
disappearance 9.
Faultless Triplet
69
By Threes
210. With not-repetition and not-root conditions, object 2,
depen¬
dence 2, strong-dependence 2, prenascence 2, kamma 2, resul¬
tant 1, nutriment 2, faculty 2, jhana 2, path 1, association 2,
dissociation 2, presence 2, absence 2, disappearance 2, non¬
disappearance 2.
By Fours
211. With not-repetition, not-root and not-object conditions,
conascence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1,
nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1,
non-disappearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
Not-kamma
By Twos
212. With not-kamma condition, root 3, object 3, predomi¬
nance 3, proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence 3, mutuality 3,
dependence 3, strong-dependence 3, prenascence 3, repetition 3,
nutriment 3, faculty 3, jhana 3, path 3, association 3, dissocia¬
tion 3, presence 3, absence 3, disappearance 3, non-disap¬
pearance 3.
By Threes
213. With not-kamma and not-root conditions, object 1,
proximity 1, contiguity 1, conascence 1, mutuality 1, depen¬
dence 1, strong-dependence 1, prenascence 1, repetition 1,
nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, association 1, dissociation 1,
presence 1, absence 1, disappearance 1, non-disappearance 1.
By Fours
214. With not-kamma, not-root and not-object conditions,
conascence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, nutriment 1, pre¬
sence 1, non-disappearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
N ot-r esultant
By Twos
215. With not-resultant condition, root 9, object 3, predomi¬
nance 9, proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence 9, mutuality 3,
proximity 2, contiguity 2, conascence 2, mutuality 2,
70
Conditional Relations
dependence 9, strong-dependence 3, prenascence 3, repetition 3,
kamma 9, nutriment 9, faculty 9, jhana 9, path 9, association 3,
dissociation 9, presence 9, absence 3, disappearance 3, non-dis¬
appearance 9.
Threes
216. With not-resultant and not-root conditions, object 2,
proximity 2, contiguity 2, conascence 2, mutuality 2, depen¬
dence 2, strong-dependence 2, prenascence 2, repetition 2,
kamma 2, nutriment 2, faculty 2, jhana 2, path 1, association 2,
dissociation 2, presence 2, absence 2, disappearance 2, non¬
disappearance 2.
Fours
217. With not-resultant, not-root and not-object conditions,
conascence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, nutriment
1, faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1, non-disap¬
pearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
N ot-nutrim ent
By Twos
218. With not-nutriment condition, conascence 1, mutuality 1,
dependence 1, kamma 1, faculty 1, presence 1, non-disap¬
pearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
Not-facuity
By Twos
219. With not-faculty condition, conascence 1, mutuality 1,
dependence 1, kamma 1, nutriment 1, presence 1, non-disap¬
pearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
Not-jhana
By Twos
220. With not-jhana condition, object 1, proximity 1, contiguity
1, conascence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, strong-dependence
1, prenascence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1, nutriment 1, faculty 1,
association 1, dissociation 1, presence 1, absence 1, disappearance
1, non-disappearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
Faultless Triplet
Not-path
7i
By Threes
221. With not-path and not-root conditions, object 1, proxi¬
mity 1, contiguity 1, conascence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1,
strong-dependence 1, prenascence 1, repetition 1, kamma 1,
"resultant 1, nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, association 1,
^dissociation 1, presence 1, absence 1, disappearance 1, non¬
disappearance 1.
By Fours
222. With not-path, not-root and not-object conditions, cona¬
scence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1,
^nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1,
non-disappearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
Not-association
By Twos
223. With not-association condition, root 5, predominance 5,
conascence 5, mutuality 1, dependence 5, kamma 5, resultant 1,
nutriment 5, faculty 5, jhana 5, path 5, dissociation 5, presence
5, non-disappearance 5.
By Threes
224. With not-association and not-root conditions, conascence
1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1, nutriment
1, faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1, non-disap¬
pearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
Not-dissociation
By Twos
225. With not-dissociation condition, root 3, object 3, predomi¬
nance 3, proximity 3, contiguity 3, conascence 3, mutuality 3,
dependence 3, strong-dependence 3, repetition 3, kamma 3,
resultant 1, nutriment 3, faculty 3, jhana 3, path 3, association
3, presence 3, absence 3, disappearance 3, non-disappearance 3.
By Threes
226. With not-dissociation and not-root conditions, object 2,
proximity 2, contiguity 2, conascence 2, mutuality 2, depen¬
dence 2, strong-dependence 2, repetition 1, kamma 2, nutriment
72
Conditional Relations
2, faculty 2, jhana 2, path i, association 2, presence 2, absence 2,
disappearance 2, non-disappearance 2.
By Fours
227. With not-dissociation, not-root and not-object conditions,
conascence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, nutriment
1, faculty 1, presence 1, non-disappearance 1. ... (Abbreviated.)
Not-absence, Not-disappearance
By Twos
228. With not-absence condition . . . with not-disappearance
condition, root 5, predominance 5, conascence 5, mutuality 1,
dependence 5, kamma 5, resultant 1, nutriment 5, faculty 5,
jhana 5, path 5, dissociation 5, presence 5, non-disappearance 5.
By Threes
229. With not-disappearance and not-root conditions, cona¬
scence 1, mutuality 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1,
nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1,
non-disappearance 1. ...
By Eights
230. With not-disappearance, not-root, not-object, not-pre-
dominance, not-proximity, not-contiguity and not-mutuality
conditions, conascence 1, dependence 1, kamma 1, resultant 1,
nutriment 1, faculty 1, jhana 1, dissociation 1, presence 1,
non-disappearance 1. ...
By Thirteens
231. With not-disappearance, not-root. . . and not-kamma con¬
ditions, conascence 1, dependence 1, nutriment 1, presence 1,
non-disappearance 1. ...
By Fifteens
232. With not-disappearance, not-root . . . not-kamma, not-
resultant and not-nutriment conditions, conascence 1, depen¬
dence 1, presence 1, non-disappearance 1. ...
By Twenty-ones
233. With not-disappearance, not-root . . . not-kamma, not-
resultant, not-nutriment, not-faculty, not-jhana, not-path.
Faultless Triplet
73
not-association, not-dissociation and not-absence conditions,
conascence i, dependence i, presence i, non-disappearance i.
End of Negative-Positive.
End of “ DEPENDENT ” CHAPTER.
i. Faultless Triplet II. “ Conascent ” Chapter
I. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (i). CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Root g
234. (i) Conascent with faultless state, arises faultless state by
root condition.
Conascent with one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates ; conascent with three aggregates, arises one aggregate ;
conascent with two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(ii) Conascent with faultless state, arises indeterminate
state by root condition.
Conascent with faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(iii) Conascent with faultless state, arise faultless and
indeterminate states by root condition.
Conascent with one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; conascent with three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; conascent with
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
235. (iv) Conascent with faulty state, arises faulty state by
root condition.
Conascent with one faulty aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates ; conascent with three aggregates, arises one aggregate ;
conascent with two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(v) Conascent with faulty state, arises indeterminate
state by root condition.
Conascent with faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(vi) Conascent with faulty state, arise faulty and indeter¬
minate states by root condition.
Conascent with one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates
74
Conditional Relations
and mind-produced matter ; conascent with three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; conascent with
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
236. (vii) Conascent with indeterminate state, arises indeter¬
minate state by root condition.
(a) Conascent with one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter; conascent with three aggregates, arise one
aggregate and mind-produced matter; conascent with two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of conception, conascent with one resul¬
tant indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and
kamma-produced matter ; conascent with three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and kamma-produced matter; conascent
with two aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-pro¬
duced matter ; conascent with aggregates, arises (heart-)base ;
conascent with (heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
( c ) Conascent with one great primary, arise three great
primaries ; conascent with three great primaries, arises one
great primary ; conascent with two great primaries, arise two
great primaries ; conascent with great primaries, arise mind-
produced and kamma-produced derived matter. (1)
237. (viii) Conascent with faultless and indeterminate state,
arises indeterminate state by root condition.
Conascent with faultless aggregates and great primaries,
arises mind-produced matter. (1)
(ix) Conascent with faulty and indeterminate state,
arises indeterminate state by root condition.
Conascent with faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter. (1)
(Expand in the same way as " Dependent ” Chapter.)
I. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE
(ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones
238. With root 9, object 3, predominance 9, proximity 3,
contiguity 3, conascence 9, mutuality 3, dependence 9, strong-
dependence 3, prenascence 3, repetition 3, kamma 9, resultant
Faultless Triplet
75
i, nutriment 9, faculty 9, jhana 9, path 9, association 3,
dissociation 9, presence 9, absence 3, disappearance 3, non¬
disappearance 9.
(Enumerate in the same way as enumerated in
“ Dependent " Chapter.)
End of Positive.
2. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE (i) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTER
Not-root 2
239. (i) Conascent with faulty state, arises faulty state by not-
root condition.
Conascent with doubt-accompanied or restlessness-accom¬
panied aggregates, arises doubt-accompanied or restlessness-
accompanied delusion.
(ii) Conascent with indeterminate state, arises indeter¬
minate state by not-root condition.
(a) Conascent with one rootless resultant indeterminate or
functional indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and
mind-produced matter ; conascent with three aggregates, arise
one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; conascent with two
aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(b) At the moment of rootless conception, conascent with one
resultant indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and
kamma-produced matter ; conascent with three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and kamma-produced matter ; conascent
with two aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced
matter; conascent with aggregates, arises (heart-)base ;
conascent with (heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Conascent with one great primary, arise three great
primaries ; conascent with three great primaries, arises one
great primary ; conascent with two great primaries, arise two
great primaries ; conascent with great primaries, arise mind-
produced and kamma-produced derived matter ;
(d) External . . . nutriment-produced . . . temperature-
produced . . . conascent with one great primary of non-perci¬
pient beings, arise three great primaries . . . conascent with
great primaries, arises kamma-produced derived matter.
(Expand in the same way as “ Dependent ” Chapter.)
7 6
Conditional Relations
2. CONDITIONS I NEGATIVE
(ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones
240. With not-root 2, not-object 5, not-predominance 9, not
proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5, not-strong-
dependence 5, not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence 9, not-
repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-nutriment 1,
not-facuity 1, not-jhana 1, not-path 1, not-association 5, not-
dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5. ...
End of Negative
3. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE-NEGATIVE
Root
By Twos
241. With root condition, not-object 5, not-predominance 9,
not-proximity 5, not-contiguity 5, not-mutuality 5, not-strong-
dependence 5, not-prenascence 7, not-postnascence 9, not-
repetition 9, not-kamma 3, not-resultant 9, not-association 5,
not-dissociation 3, not-absence 5, not-disappearance 5. ...
End of Positive-Negative
4. CONDITIONS : NEGATIVE-POSITIVE
Not-root
By Twos
242. With not-root condition, object 2, proximity 2, contiguity
2, conascence 2, mutuality 2, dependence 2, strong-dependence
2, prenascence 2, repetition 2, kamma 2, resultant 1, nutriment
2, faculty 2, jhana 2, path 1,, association 2, dissociation 2,
presence 2, absence 2, disappearance 2, non-disappearance
2. . . .
End of Negative-Positive
End of " CON ASCENT ” CHAPTER
(The term “ Dependent ” is the same as “ Conascent The
term “ Conascent ” is the same as “ Dependent ”.)
Faultless Triplet 77
1 . Faultless Triplet III. “ Conditioned ” Chapter
1 . conditions: positive (i) classification chapter
Root ij
243. (i) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
root condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates ; conditioned by three aggregates, arises one aggregate ;
conditioned by two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(ii) Conditioned by faultless state, arises indeterminate
state by root condition.
Conditioned by faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(iii) Conditioned by faultless state, arise faultless and
indeterminate states by root condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; conditioned by three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; conditioned
by two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
244. (iv) Conditioned by faulty state, arises faulty state by
root condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
conditioned by three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; condi¬
tioned by two aggregates, arise two aggregates.
(v) Conditioned by faulty state, arises indeterminate state
by root condition.
Conditioned by faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter.
(vi) Conditioned by faulty state, arise faulty and indeter¬
minate states by root condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter ; conditioned by three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and mind-produced matter ; conditioned
by two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter. (3)
245. (vii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises indeter¬
minate state by root condition.
7 8
Conditional Relations
(а) Conditioned by one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter; conditioned by three aggregates, arise
one aggregate and mind-produced matter; conditioned by
two aggregates, arise two aggregates and mind-produced
matter;
(б) At the moment of conception, conditioned by one
resultant indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and
kamma-produced matter; conditioned by three aggregates,
arise one aggregate and kamma-produced matter ; conditioned
by two aggregates, arise two aggregates and kamma-produced
matter; conditioned by aggregates, arises (heart-)base;
conditioned by (heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Conditioned by one great primary, arise three great
primaries ; conditioned by three great primaries, arises one
great primary ; conditioned by two great primaries, arise two
great primaries ; conditioned by great primaries, arise mind-
produced and kamma-produced derived matter ;
(d) Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeter¬
minate or functional indeterminate aggregates.
(viii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faultless
state by root condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates.
(ix) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faulty
state by root condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faulty aggregates.
(x) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arise faultless
and indeterminate states by root condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates ; con¬
ditioned by great primaries, arises mind-produced matter.
(xi) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arise faulty and
indeterminate states by root condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faulty aggregates ; condi¬
tioned by great primaries, arises mind-produced matter. (5)
246. (xii) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state,
arises faultless state by root condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate and (heart-)base,
arise three aggregates; conditioned by three aggregates and
Faultless Triplet
79
(heart-)-base, arises one aggregate ; conditioned by two aggre¬
gates and (heart-)base, arise two aggregates.
(xiii) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state,
arises indeterminate state by root condition.
Conditioned by faultless aggregates and great primaries,
arises mind-produced matter.
(xiv) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state,
arise faultless and indeterminate states by root condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate and (heart-)base, arise
three aggregates ; conditioned by three aggregates and (heart-) -
base, arises one aggregate ; conditioned by two aggregates
and (heart-)base, arise two aggregates; conditioned by fault¬
less aggregates and great primaries, arises mind-produced
matter. (3)
247. (xv) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state, arises
faulty state by root condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate and (heart-)base, arise
three aggregates ; conditioned by three aggregates and (heart-)-
base, arises one aggregate ; conditioned by two aggregates and
(heart-)base, arise two aggregates.
(xvi) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by root condition.
Conditioned by faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
(xvii) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state, arise
faulty and indeterminate states by root condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate and (heart-)base, arise
three aggregates ; conditioned by three aggregates and (heart-)-
base, arises one aggregate ; conditioned by two aggregates and
(heart-)base, arise two aggregates ; conditioned by faulty ag¬
gregates and great primaries, arises mind-produced matter. (3)
Object 7
248. (i) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state
by object condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates ; conditioned by three aggregates, arises one aggregate ;
conditioned by two aggregates, arise two aggregates. (1)
8o
Conditional Relations
249. (ii) Conditioned by faulty state, arises faulty state by
object condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates ;
conditioned by three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; condi¬
tioned by two aggregates, arise two aggregates, (il
250. (iii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises indeter¬
minate state by object condition.
(a) Conditioned by one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates ; conditioned
by three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; conditioned by two
aggregates, arise two aggregates ;
(b) At the moment of conception, conditioned by one resul¬
tant indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates ; condi¬
tioned by three aggregates, arises one aggregate ; conditioned
by two aggregates, arise two aggregates; conditioned by
(heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness ; condi¬
tioned by ear-base, arises ear-consciousness ; conditioned by
nose-base, arises nose-consciousness ; conditioned by tongue-
base, arises tongue-consciousness;
conditioned by body-base.
arises body-consciousness ; conditioned by (heart-)base, arise
resultant indeterminate or functional indeterminate aggregates.
(iv) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faultless
state by object condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates.
(v) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faulty state
by object condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faulty aggregates. (3)
251. (vi) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state,
arises faultless state by object condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate and (heart-)base, arise
three aggregates ... conditioned by two aggregates and (heart-)-
base, arise two aggregates. (1)
252. (vii) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state, arises
faulty state by object condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate and (heart-)base, arise
three aggregates ... conditioned by two aggregates and (heart-)-
base, arise two aggregates. (1)
8i
Faultless Triplet
Predominance iy
253. (i)—(iii) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless
state by predominance condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate . . . three.
(iv)-(vi) Conditioned by faulty state, arises faulty state by
predominance condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate . . . three.
(vii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises inde¬
terminate state by predominance condition.
(a) Conditioned by one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter. . . .
(b) Conditioned by one great primary, arise three great
primaries . . . conditioned by great primaries, arises mind-
produced derived matter;
(c) Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeterminate
or functional indeterminate aggregates.
(viii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises fault¬
less state by predominance condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates. . . .
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Proximity 7, Contiguity y
254. Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
proximity condition ... by contiguity condition. . . .
(Expand in the same way as object condition.)
Conascence iy
255. (i)-(iii) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless
state by conascence condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate . . . three.
(iv)-(vi) Conditioned by faulty state . . . three.
(vii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises indeter¬
minate state by conascence condition.
(a) Conditioned by one resultant indeterminate or functional
82
Conditional Relations
■
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter. . . .
(b) At the moment of conception. . . .
(c) Conditioned by one great primary. . . .
( d) External . . . nutriment-produced . . . temperature-
produced . . . conditioned by one great primary of non-perci¬
pient beings . . . conditioned by great primaries, arises kamma-
produced derived matter ;
(< e) Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness . . .
conditioned by body-base, arises body-consciousness; condi¬
tioned by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeterminate or
functional indeterminate aggregates.
(viii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises fault¬
less state by conascence condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates. . . .
(Expand in the same way as root condition.)
Mutuality y
256. (i) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
mutuality condition . . . one.
(ii) Conditioned by faulty state, arises faulty state by
mutuality condition. . . . one.
(iii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises indeter¬
minate state by mutuality condition.
(a) Conditioned by one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates . . . conditioned
by two aggregates, arise two aggregates ;
( b ) At the moment of conception, conditioned by one
resultant indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and
(heart-)base . . . conditioned by two aggregates, arise two
aggregates and (heart-)base ; conditioned by aggregates, arises
(heart-)base ; conditioned by (heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(c) Conditioned by one great primary, arise three great prima¬
ries . . . conditioned by two great primaries, arise two great
primaries ;
(d) External
• t
nutriment-produced
temperature-
produced . . . conditioned by one great primary of non-perci¬
pient beings, arise three great primaries . . . conditioned by two
great primaries, arise two great primaries ;
Faultless Triplet
83
(e) Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness . . .
conditioned by body-base, arises body-consciousness ; condi¬
tioned by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeterminate or
functional indeterminate aggregates.
(iv) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faultless
state by mutuality condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates. . . .
(Expand in the same way as object condition.)
Dependence 17
257. Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
dependence condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates. . . .
(Expand in the same way as conascence condition.)
Strong-dependence 7
258. Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
strong-dependence condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate. . . . (Same as object
condition.)
Prenascence 7
259. (i) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
prenascence condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates . . . conditioned by two aggregates, arise two aggre¬
gates ; (conditioned by heart-)base, (arise faultless aggregates)
by prenascence condition. (1)
(ii) Conditioned by faulty state, arises faulty state by
prenascence condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates
. . . conditioned by two aggregates, arise two aggregates ; (con¬
ditioned by heart-)base, (arise faulty aggregates) by prenascence
condition. (1)
(iii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises indeter¬
minate state by prenascence condition.
(a) Conditioned by one resultant indeterminate or functional
8 4
Conditional Relations
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates . . . conditioned
by two aggregates, arise two aggregates ; (conditioned by
heart-)base, (arise resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregates) by prenascence condition ;
(b) Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness . . .
conditioned by body-base, arises body-consciousness ; condi¬
tioned by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeterminate or
functional indeterminate aggregates; (conditioned by six)
bases, (arise aggregates) by prenascence condition.
(iv) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faultless
state by prenascence condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates;
(conditioned by heart-)base, (arise aggregates) by prenascence
condition.
(v) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faulty state
by prenascence condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faulty aggregates ; (condi¬
tioned by heart-)base, (arise aggregates) by prenascence condi¬
tion. (3)
(vi) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state, arises
faultless state by prenascence condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate and (heart-)base,
arise three aggregates . . . conditioned by two aggregates and
(heart-)base, arise two aggregates ; (conditioned by heart-)-
base, (arise faultless aggregates) by prenascence condition. (1)
(vii) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state, arises
faulty state by prenascence condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate and (heart-)base, arise
three aggregates . . . conditioned by two aggregates and
(heart-)base, arise two aggregates
(conditioned by heart-)-
base, (arise faulty aggregates) by prenascence condition. (1)
Repetition 7
260. (i) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
repetition condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate. . . .
(ii) Conditioned by faulty state, arises faulty state by
repetition condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate. . . .
Faultless Triplet 85
(iii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises indeter¬
minate state by repetition condition.
Conditioned by one functional indeterminate aggregate, arise
three aggregates ; conditioned by three aggregates, arises one
aggregate ; conditioned by two aggregates, arise two aggre¬
gates ; conditioned by (heart-)base, arise functional indeter¬
minate aggregates.
(iv) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faultless
state by repetition condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates.
(v) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faulty state
by repetition condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faulty aggregates.
(vi) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state. . . .
(vii) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state, arises
faulty state by repetition condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate and (heart-)base, arise
three aggregates. . , .
Kamma ly
261. (i)-(iii) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state
by kamma condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate . . . three.
(iv)-(vi) Conditioned by faulty state, arises faulty state by
kamma condition . . . three.
(vii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises inde¬
terminate state by kamma condition.
(a) Conditioned by one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate. . . .
(b) At the moment of conception. . . .
(c) Conditioned by one great primary. . . .
(d) Conditioned by one great primary of non-percipient
beings . . . conditioned by great primaries, arises kamma-
produced derived matter;
(e) Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness . . .
conditioned by body-base, arises body-consciousness ; condi¬
tioned by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeterminate or
functional indeterminate aggregates.
86
Conditional Relations
(viii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises fault¬
less state by kamma condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates.
(ix)-(xi) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faulty
state by kamma condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faulty aggregates. ... (5).
(xii)-(xiv) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state,
arises faultless state . . . indeterminate state . . . faultless and
indeterminate states by kamma condition. . . .
(xv)-(xvii) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state,
arises faulty state . . . indeterminate state . . . faulty and
indeterminate states by kamma condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate and (heart-)base . . .
conditioned by faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter.
Resultant 1
262. Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises indeterminate
state by resultant condition.
(a) Conditioned by one resultant indeterminate aggregate. . . .
(b) At the moment of conception. . . .
( c ) Conditioned by one great primary. . . .
(1 d ) Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness . . .
conditioned by body-base, arises body-consciousness ; condi¬
tioned by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeterminate aggregates.
Nutriment ij
263. (i)-(iii) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless
state by nutriment condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate . . . three.
(iv)-(vi) Conditioned by faulty state . . . three.
(vii)-(xvii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises inde¬
terminate state by nutriment condition. . . .
(b) At the moment of conception.. . .
(c) Conditioned by one nutriment-produced great pri¬
mary. . . .
con-
(d) Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness ..
ditioned by body-base, arises body-consciousness ; conditioned
Faultless Triplet
by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregates . . . (complete).
Faculty iy
264. Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
faculty condition. . . .
Conditioned by one great primary of non-percipient
beings. . . .
Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness . . . condi¬
tioned by body-base, arises body-consciousness ; conditioned
by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregates. . . .
(Expand faculty condition in the same way as
kamma condition.)
Jhana iy, Path iy
265. Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
jhana condition ... by path condition. . . .
(Expand jhana and path conditions in the
same way as root condition.)
Association y
266. Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
association condition . . . (same as object condition).
Dissociation 1 y
267. (i) Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
dissociation condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates . . . conditioned by two aggregates, arise two aggregates ;
(conditioned by heart-)base, (arise faultless aggregates) by
dissociation condition.
(ii) Conditioned by faultless state, arises indeterminate
state by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by faultless aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter ; (conditioned by) aggregates, (arises mind-produced
matter) by dissociation condition.
88
Conditional Relations
(iii) Conditioned by faultless state, arise faultless and
indeterminate states by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter . . . conditioned by two aggregates,
arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ; (conditioned
by heart-)base, arise aggregates by dissociation condition ;
(conditioned by) aggregates, arises mind-produced matter by
dissociation condition. (3)
(iv) Conditioned by faulty state, arises faulty state by
dissociation condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate, arise three aggre¬
gates . . . conditioned by two aggregates, arise two aggregates ;
(conditioned by heart-)base, (arise faulty aggregates) by dis¬
sociation condition.
(v) Conditioned by faulty state, arises indeterminate state
by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by faulty aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter ; (conditioned by) aggregates, (arises mind-produced
matter) by dissociation condition.
(vi) Conditioned by faulty state, arise faulty and indeter¬
minate states by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate, arise three aggregates
and mind-produced matter . . . conditioned by two aggregates,
arise two aggregates and mind-produced matter ; (conditioned
by heart-)base, arise aggregates by dissociation condition ;
(conditioned by) aggregates, arises mind-produced matter by
dissociation condition. (3)
(vii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises indeter¬
minate state by dissociation condition.
(a) Conditioned by one resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and mind-
produced matter . . . conditioned by two aggregates, arise two
aggregates and mind-produced matter ;
(conditioned by six)
bases, arise aggregates by dissociation condition ; (conditioned
by) aggregates, arises mind-produced matter by
dissociation
condition ;
(b) At the moment of conception, conditioned by one resultant
indeterminate aggregate, arise three aggregates and kamma-
produced matter . . . conditioned by two aggregates, arise two
Faultless Triplet
89
aggregates and kamma-produced matter; (conditioned by
heart-)base, arise aggregates by dissociation condition ; (condi¬
tioned by) aggregates, arises kamma-produced matter by
dissociation condition ; conditioned by aggregates, arises
(heart-)base ; conditioned by (heart-)base, arise aggregates ;
(conditioned by heart-)base, arise aggregates by dissociation
condition ; (conditioned by) aggregates, arises (heart-)base by
dissociation condition ;
(c) Conditioned by one great primary... conditioned by great
primaries, arise mind-produced and kamma-produced derived
matter; (conditioned by faultless, faulty, resultant indeter¬
minate or functional indeterminate) aggregates, (arises mind-
produced or kamma-produced matter) by dissociation condition;
(d) Conditioned by eye-base, arises eye-consciousness . .. con¬
ditioned by body-base, arises body-consciousness ; conditioned
by (heart-)base, arise resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregates ; (conditioned by six) bases, (arise
aggregates) by dissociation condition.
(viii) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faultless
state by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates;
(conditioned by heart-)base, (arise faultless aggregates) by
dissociation condition.
(ix) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arises faulty state
by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faulty aggregates ; (condi¬
tioned by heart-)base, (arise faulty aggregates) by dissociation
condition.
(x) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arise faultless and
indeterminate states by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faultless aggregates ; con¬
ditioned by great primaries, arises mind-produced matter ;
(conditioned by heart-)base, (arise aggregates) by dissociation
condition ; (conditioned by) aggregates, (arises mind-produced
matter) by dissociation condition.
(xi) Conditioned by indeterminate state, arise faulty and
indeterminate states by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by (heart-)base, arise faulty aggregates ; condi¬
tioned by great primaries, arises mind-produced matter;
9 o
Conditional Relations
(conditioned by heart-)base, (arise aggregates) by dissociation
condition ; (conditioned by) aggregates, (arises mind-produced
matter) by dissociation condition. (5)
(xii) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state,
arises faultless state by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate and (heart-)base,
arise three aggregates ; conditioned by three aggregates and
(heart-)base, arises one aggregate; conditioned by two
aggregates and (heart-)base, arise two aggregates ; (conditioned
by heart-)base, (arise faultless aggregates) by
dissociation
condition.
(xiii) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by faultless aggregates and great primaries,
arises mind-produced matter ; (conditioned by) aggregates,
(arises mind-produced matter) by dissociation condition.
(xiv) Conditioned by faultless and indeterminate state, arise
faultless and indeterminate states by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by one faultless aggregate and (heart-)base,
arise three aggregates ; conditioned by three aggregates and
(heart-)base, arises one aggregate ; conditioned by two aggre¬
gates and (heart-)base, arise two aggregates ; conditioned by
faultless aggregates and great primaries, arises mind-produced
matter; (conditioned by heart-)base, arise aggregates by
dissociation condition; (conditioned by) aggregates, arises
mind-produced matter by dissociation condition. (3)
(xv) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state, arises
faulty state by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate and (heart-)base, arise
three aggregates . . . conditioned by two aggregates and (heart-)
base, arise two aggregates ; (conditioned by heart-)base, (arise
faulty aggregates) by dissociation condition.
(xvi) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state, arises
indeterminate state by dissociation condition.
Conditioned by faulty aggregates and great primaries, arises
mind-produced matter ; (conditioned by) aggregates, (arises
mind-produced matter) by dissociation condition.
(xvii) Conditioned by faulty and indeterminate state, arise
faulty and indeterminate states by dissociation condition.
Faultless Triplet
9 i
Conditioned by one faulty aggregate and (heart-)base, arise
three aggregates . . . two aggregates ; conditioned by faulty
aggregates and great primaries, arises mind-produced matter;
(conditioned by heart-)base, arise aggregates by dissociation
condition ; (conditioned by) aggregates, arises mind-produced
matter by dissociation condition. (3)
Presence condition , etc.
268. Conditioned by faultless state, arises faultless state by
presence condition . . . (Do presence condition the same as
conascence condition ; absence and disappearance conditions
are the same as object condition ; non-disappearance condition
is the same as conascence condition.)
I. CONDITIONS : POSITIVE (ii) ENUMERATION CHAPTER
By Ones
269. With root (there are) 17 (answers), object 7, predominance
17, proximity 7, contiguity 7, conascence 17, mutuality 7,
dependence 17, strong-dependence 7, prenascence 7, repetition
7, kamma 17, resultant 1, nutriment 17, faculty 17, jhana 17,
path 17, association 7, dissociation 17, presence 17, absence 7,
disappearance 7, non-disappearance 17.
Root
By Twos
270. With root condition and object 7, predominance 17,
proximity 7, contiguity 7, conascence 17 . . . non-disappearance
17 -
By Threes
With root, object conditions and predominance 7 . . . (All are
7), resultant 1 . . . non-disappearance 7. . . .
B
Conditional Relations Part 1 - Paṭṭhāna - Narada
U Narada