← Volver a la ficha del textoAnswer Key for Warder
Exercises 1-21
prepared, by
John Kelly
© 2005 John Kelly
FOR FREE DISTRIBUTION ONLY
NOT FOR SALE
These answers were developed by John Kelly
between March 2003 and May 2005
and are © 2005 John Kelly.
They are based on the exercises presented in
A.K. Warder's Introduction to Pali
© 1999 Pali Text Society
Oxford, England.
Access to Insight Edition 2005
www.accesstoinsight.org
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Contents
Exerdse 1 1
Exerdse 2 3
Exerdse 3 5
Exerdse 4 7
Exerdse 5 9
Exerdse 6 13
Exerdse 7 16
Exerdse 8 18
Exerdse 9 22
Exerdse 10 25
Exerdse 11 27
Exerdse 12 31
Exerdse 13 35
Exerdse 14 41
Exerdse 15 46
Exerdse 16 51
Exerdse 17 57
Exerdse 18 61
Exerdse 19 75
Exerdse 20 97
Exerdse 21 Ill
Exercise 1
Pali into English
p. 15
tathagato bhasati
"thus-gone" / speaks
The Tathagata speaks.
mahamatto nisidati
minister / sits down
The minister sits down.
upasako pucchati
lay disdple / asks
The lay disdple asks.
samano tathagato hoti
ascetic / "thus-gone" / is
The ascetic is the Tathagata.
puriso evam vadati
person / thus / speaks
The man speaks thus.
putto upasako passati
son / lay disdple / sees
The son, (who is) a lay disdple, sees.
devo amanusso hoti
god / non-human / is
The god is a non-human.
brahmano upasamkamati
Brahmin / approaches
The Brahmin approaches
evam vadami
thus / 1 say
I say thus.
manusso jtvati
human / lives
The human lives.
khattiyo pakkamati
warrior / leaves
The warrior leaves.
evam vadanti
thus / they say
They say this.
1
Exercise 1
English into Pali
p. 15
The man speaks
puriso / vadati
puriso vadati
The ascetic is "thus-gone"
samano / hoti / tathagato
samano tathagato (hoti)
The priest goes away
brahmano / pakkamati
brahmano pakkamati
The god says so
devo / vadati / evam
devo evam vadati
There is a time
hoti / samayo
samayo hoti
The son sits down
putto / nisidati
putto nisidati
The minister is a priest
mahamatto / hoti / brahmano
mahamatto brahmano (hoti)
The noble approaches
khattiyo / upasamkamati
khattiyo upasamkamati
The god dies
devo / cavati
devo cavati
You say so (sing.)
vadasi / evam
evam vadasi
You say so (pi.)
vadatha / evam
evam vadatha
We say so
vadama / evam
evam vadama
2
Exercise 2
Pali into English
p. 19
sugato dhammam bhasati
"well-gone" / doctrine / speaks
The "well-gone" (the Buddha)
speaks the doctrine.
upasako pattam aharati
lay disciple / bowl / brings
The lay disciple brings the bowl.
manussa bhavatn icchanti
humans / existence / wish for
Humans wish for existence.
gamatn gacchama
to the village / we go
We go to the village.
samano agacchati
ascetic / comes
The ascetic comes.
tathagato sugato hoti
"thus-gone" / "well-gone" / is
The "thus-gone" is the "well-
gone."
brahmano purise pucchati
Brahmin / people / asks
The Brahmin asks the people.
deva cavanti
gods / die
The gods die.
vadatn vadanti
statement / they speak
They utter the statement.
puttd pabbajanti
sons / go forth
The sons go forth.
satto titthati
being / stays
The being stays.
samane attham pucchanti
ascetics / meaning / they ask
They ask the ascetics the meaning.
3
Exercise 2
English into Pali
p. 19
They go to the minister
gacchanti / mahamattam
mahamattam gacchanti
The men see the ministers
purisa / passanti / mahamatte
purisa mahamatte passanti
The god, who is not a human being,
approaches the " thus-gone "
devo amanusso / upasamkamati /
tathagatam
devo amanusso tathagatam
upasamkamati
You ask the philosopher about the
doctrine
pucchasi / samanam / dhammam
samanam dhammam pucchasi
We ask the philosopher who is " well-
gone ”
pucchama / samanam / sugatam
samanam sugatam pucchama
The “ thus-gone " gives up negligence
tathagato / pajahati / pamadam
tathagato pamadam pajahati
The lay disciples enter the village
upasaka / pavisanti / gamam
upasaka gamam pavisanti
The ascetics meditate
samana / jhayanti
samana jhayanti
The substance remains
kayo / titthati
kayo titthati
He reaches the top
phusati / aggam
aggam phusati
We ask the philosopher the meaning
pucchama / samanam / attham
samanam attham pucchama
He gives alms
deti (dadati) / pindam
pindam deti (dadati)
4
Exercise 3
Pali into English
V- 22
bhagava dhammam deseti
the Blessed One / the doctrine /
teaches
The Blessed One teaches the doctrine.
rajanam vancesi
the king / you deceive
You deceive the king.
upasakam brahmanam dhareti
a lay follower / the Brahmin / he
accepts
He accepts the Brahmin as a lay
follower.
raja purise amanteti
the king / the people / addresses
The king addresses the people.
brahmano brahmanam passati
the Brahmin / God (Brahma) /
sees
The Brahmin sees God (Brahma).
raja khattiyo mahamattam pucchati
the king / a noble / the minister /
asks
The king who is a noble asks the
minister.
brahmana rajanam vadanti
the Brahmins / (to) the king /
speak
The Brahmins speak to the king.
puriso bharatn chaddeti
the man / the load / abandons
The man abandons the load.
evam kathenti
thus / they relate
Thus do they relate.
kalam paccayam pahhapenti
time / the cause / they declare
They declare time as the cause.
5
Exercise 3
English into Pali
p. 23
The lay disciples salute the fortunate one
upasaka / abhivadenti /
bhagavantam
upasaka bhagavantam abhivadenti
He binds the hands
bandhati / hatthe
hatthe bandhati
I experience the result
patisamvedemi / vipakam
vipakam patisamvedemi
The king addresses the priest
raja / amanteti / brahmanam
raja brahmanam amanteti
The priest who is minister speaks thus
to the fortunate one
brahmano / mahamatto / vadati /
evam / bhagavantam
brahmano mahamatto
bhagavantam evam vadati
Existence is the condition
bhavo / paccayo
bhavo paccayo
He remembers the meaning
dhareti / attham
attham dhareti
The fortunate one dresses
bhagava / nivaseti
bhagava nivaseti
The gods discuss the matter
deva / mantenti / attham
deva attham mantenti
The fortunate one asks the king
bhagava / pucchati / rajanam
bhagava rajanam pucchati
He enters the dwelling
pavisati / viharam
viharam pavisati
You rebut the argument
nibbethesi / vadam
vadam nibbethesi
The king takes counsel
raja / manteti
raja manteti
He renounces gain
pajahati / labham
labham pajahati
6
Exercise 4
Pali into English
p.27
upasaka nisidimsu
lay-followers / sat down
The lay-followers sat down [D.II.85- xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).1.22]
bhutapubbam raja Disampati nama ahosi. Renu nama
in the past / king / Disampati / by name / there was / Renu / by name
At one time there was a king named Disampati. The prince named
kumaro putto ahosi. Govindo nama brahmano purohito
prince / son / was / Govinda / by name / Brahmin / prime minister
Renu was his son. The prime minister was a Brahmin named
ahosi. Jotipalo nama manavo putto ahosi.
was / Jotipala / by name / young Brahmin / son / was
Govinda. The young Brahmin named Jotipala was his son.
Renu ca rajaputto Jotipalo ca manavo sahaya ahesum.
Renu / and / prince / Jotipala / and / young Brahmin / friends / were
Prince Renu and the young Brahmin Jotipala were friends.
atha kho Govindo brahmano kalatn akasi.
then / indeed / Govinda / the Brahmin / time made (died)
Then Govinda the Brahmin died.
Raja Disampati paridevesi
king / Disampati / grieved
King Disampati grieved. [D.II.230-231 - xix.(Mahagovinda).29]
evam tada asi
thus / then / it was
This is how it was. [D.I.143- v.(Kutadanta).21]
7
Exercise 4
English into Pali
p.27
The priest went away
brahmano / pakkami
brahmano pakkami
The fortunate one entered the village
bhagava / pavisi / gamam
bhagava gamam pavisi
The son was called Uttara
putto / ahosi / nama / Uttar o
Uttar o nama putto ahosi
The fortunate one addressed Ananda
bhagava / amantesi / Anandam
bhagava Anandam amantesi
I have taught the doctrine
desesim / dhammam
dhammam desesim
The nobles approached the prince
khattiya / upasamkamimsu / rajaputtam
khattiya rajaputtam upasamkamimsu
I spoke thus
abhasim / evam
evam abhasim
The prince went forth
rajaputto / pabbaji
rajaputto pabbaji
Exercise 5
Pali into English
p. 33
Renu rajaputto rajanam Disampatim etad avoca.
Renu / prince / king / Disampati / this / said
Prince Renu said this to King Disampati:
ma kho tvam deva paridevesi.
do not / indeed / you / lord / you grieve
"Do not grieve, lord."
atthi deva Jotipalo nama manavo putto ti.
there is / lord / Jotipala / by name / young Brahmin / son / (end-quote)
There is, lord, a young Brahmin named Jotipala who is his son."
atha kho raja Disampati purisam amantesi.
then / indeed / King / Disampati / a man / addressed
Then King Disampati addressed a man. [D.II.231 - xix.(Mahagovinda). 29-30]
aham ime dhamme desesim
I / these / doctrines / preached
I preached these doctrines. [D.II.75 - xvUMahdparinibbdna).1.5]
raja khattiyo tarn purisam etad avoca
king / noble / that / man / this / he said
The king who was a noble spoke thus to that man. [D.III.65 - xxvi.(Cakkavatti-
Sthanada) .10]
ma samanam upasamkami
do not / recluse / approach
Do not approach the recluse. [D.I.129 - v.(Kutadanta).6]
aham purohito brahmano ahosim
I / prime minister / Brahmin / was
I was the Brahmin who was prime minister. [D.I.143- v.(Kutadanta).21]
aham asmi brahma issaro
I am / God / lord
I am the lord God. [D.I.18 - i.(Bmhmajala).2.5]
idam avoca bhagava
this / he said / Blessed One
The Blessed One said this. [D.II.252 - xix.(Mahagovinda).62]
te rajaputtam avocum
they / prince / spoke
They spoke to the prince. [D.II.233 - xix.(Mahagovinda).33]
9
ma saddatn akattha
do not / noise / make
Don't make a noise. [D.I.179 - ix.(Potthapada)A]
so nirodham phusati
he / cessation / attains
He attains cessation. [D.I.185 - ix.(Potthapada).20]
samana amha
recluses / we are
We are recluses. [D.III.84 - xxvii.(Agganna).9]
na tarn deva vahcemi
not / you / lord / I deceive
I do not deceive you, lord. [D.I.50 - ii.(Samannaphala).10]
eso maharaja bhagava
this / great king / Blessed One
Your majesty, this is the Blessed One. [D.I.50 - ii.(Samannaphala).ll]
mayam bhagavantam upasamkamimha
we / Blessed One / approached
We approached the Blessed One. [D.II.288 - xxi.(Sakkapanha).2.10]
atthi kayo
there is / body
There is a body. [D.II.292- xxii.(Mahasatipatthana).2]
upeti pi apeti pi
he comes / and / he goes / and
He comes and goes. [D.I.180 - ix.(Potthapada).6 ]
evam etam brahmana
thus / this / Brahmin
This is so. Brahmin. [D.I.124- iv.(Sonadanda).22\
10
Exercise 5
English into Pali
p. 34
The wanderer said this to the fortunate one
paribbajako / avoca / etad / bhagavantam
paribbajako bhagavantam etad avoca
Those wanderers were silent
te / paribbajaka / ahesum / tunhl
te paribbajaka tunhl ahesum
I teach the doctrine
aham / desemi / dhammam
aham dhammam desemi
lama priest
aham / asmi / brahmano
aham brahmano asmi
This king is a human being, 1 too am a human being
ay am / raja / manusso / aham / pi / manusso
ay am raja manusso, aham pi manusso
1 love her
aham / kamemi / tarn
aham tarn kamemi
Don't go in (sing.)
ma / pavisi
ma pavisi
We said to that fortunate one
mayam / avocumha / tarn / bhagavantam
mayam tarn bhagavantam avocumha
Don't grieve (plur.)
ma / paridevittha
ma paridevittha
He goes forth (use pronoun)
so / pabbajati
so pabbajati
11
Then (add kho) Mahagovinda the priest towards those nobles approached that
way
atha kho / Mahagovindo / brahmano / yena / te / khattiya /
upasamkami / tena
atha kho Mahagovindo brahmano yena te khattiya ten' upasamkami
He said this to those nobles
so / avoca / etad / te / khattiye
so te khattiye etad avoca
They ask me the meaning
te / pucchanti / mam / attham
te mam attham pucchanti
He said this to us
so / avoca / etad / amhe
so amhe etad avoca
She said this to me
sa / avoca / etad / mam
sa mam etad avoca
I teach this doctrine
desemi / imam / dhammam
imam dhammam desemi
This is cessation (use id am)
ayam / nirodho
ayam nirodho
You are (emphatically) priests, O Vasetthas
tumhe / attha / kho / brahmana / Vasettha
tumhe kho attha brahmana Vasettha
12
Exercise 6
Pali into English
p. 38
ehi tvam purisa. yena Jotipalo manavo ten' upasamkama.
go / you / man / towards / Jotipala / young Brahmin / that way /
approach
"You must go, my man. Approach the young Brahmin Jotipala.
Jotipalam manavam evam vadehi . . . evam deva ti ...
Jotipala / young Brahmin / thus / say ... / yes / lord / (end-quote)
Say this to the young Brahmin Jotipala" . . . "Yes, lord" . . .
so puriso Jotipalam manavam etad avoca:
that / man / Jotipala / young Brahmin / this / said
That man said this to the young Brahmin Jotipala:
bhavam atthu bhavantam Jotipalam manavam.
good fortune / may it be / his honour / Jotipala / young Brahmin
"May good fortune be upon his honour the young Brahmin Jotipala.
raja Disampati bhavantam Jotipalam manavam amanteti . . .
king / Disampati / his honour / Jotipala / young Brahmin / calls
King Disampati calls his honour the young Brahmin Jotipala."
Jotipalo manavo yena raja Disampati ten' upasamkami.
Jotipala / young Brahmin / towards / King / Disampati/ that way /
approached
The young Brahmin Jotipala approached King Disampati.
Jotipalam manavam raja Disampati etad avoca.
Jotipala / young Brahmin / King / Disampati / this / said
King Disampati said this to the young Brahmin Jotipala:
Anusasatu bhavam Jotipalo manavo . . .
may he advise /his honour / Jotipala / young Brahmin
"May his honour the young Brahmin Jotipala advise . . .."
te atthe anusasati.
on those / issues / he advised
He advised on those issues. [D.II.231-232 (not 1.231-232 as per book) -
xix.(Mahagovinda). 30-31]
gaccha tvam Ananda
go / you / Ananda
You must go, Ananda. [D.II.104 - xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).3.6\
13
idatn hara
this / take
Take this. [D.I.67- ii.(Sdmannaphala).54\
etu bhagava
may he come / Blessed One
May the Blessed One come. [D.I.179 - ix.(Potthapada).5 ]
ay am samano Gotamo agacchati
this / recluse / Gotama / comes
This recluse Gotama is coming. [D.I.179 - ix.(Potthapada).4]
nibbethehi sace pahosi
explain / if / you can
Explain this if you can. [D.III.117- xxix.(Pasadika).l]
desetu sugato dhammam
may he preach / Fortunate One / doctrine
May the Blessed One preach the doctrine. [D.II.38- xiv.(Mahapadana).3.6 ]
pivattha khadatha ti
drink / eat / (end-quote)
"Drink, eat." [cf. D.II.147- xvi.(Mahdparinibbana).5.19 and D.II.170-
xvii.(Mahdsudassana).1.3]
abhikkama maharaja
g o forward / your majesty
lo forward, your majesty. [D.I.50 - ii .(Samannaphala).lO]
thttpam karonti
monument / they make
They make a monument. [D.II.142 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).5.U\
etha tumhe
go / you
You must go. [D.I.211 - xi.(Kevaddha).!]
14
Exercise 6
English into Pali
p. 38
Let the fortunate one sit down
bhagava / nisldatu
nisldatu bhagava
Bring that!
ahara / idam
idam ahara
That man must come
so / puriso / etu
etu so puriso
Let the priest not trouble
brahmano / titthatu
titthatu brahmano
He makes an opportunity
karoti / okasam
okasam karoti
The king said this: "We must go"
raja / avoca / etad / may am /
gacchama / ti
raja etad avoca: may am
gacchama ti
I do not say this world doesn't exist
na / vadami / ayam / loko / na
/ atthi / ti
ayam loko n'atthi ti na vadami
Give that up!
pajaha / tarn
tarn pajaha
Let not the honourable Govinda go
forth
ma / bhavam / Govindo /
pabbaji
ma bhavam Govindo pabbaji
Study! (plur.)
sajjhayam / karotha
sajjhayam karotha
Ask the fortunate one (about) this
subject matter
pucchatha / bhagavantam /
etam / attham
bhagavantam etam attham
pucchatha
This conch makes a noise
ayam / sahkho / karoti /
saddam
ayam sahkho saddam karoti
15
Exercise 7
Pali into English
p. 43
imina mayatn nimmita
by him / we / created
We are created by him. [D.I.18 - i.(Bmhmajdla).2.5]
mayatn brahmuna nimmita
we / by Brahma / created
We have been created by Brahma. [D.I.18 - i.(Brahmajala).2.5]
desito Ananda may a dhammo
preached / Ananda / by me / doctrine
Ananda, the doctrine has been preached by me. [D.ll.ioo -
xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).2.25 ]
imina tvam purisa dhanena jtvahi
by this / you / man / wealth / live
Live on this wealth, my man. [D.III.66- xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Slhandda).ll]
vimutto tathagato
freed / Tathagata
The Tathagata has been freed. [D.I.29 - i.(Bmhmajdla).2.34\
te ca me evatn puttha ama ti vadanti
they / and / by me / thus / asked / yes / (end-quote) / they say
And having been asked thus by me, they say "Yes." [cf. D.III.28 -
xxiv.(Patika).2.14\
idam asanam pannattam
this / seat 7 prepared
This seat has been prepared. [D.III.39 - xxv.(Udumbarika-Slhanada).7 ]
ete mantissa gehatn pavisanti
these / men / house / enter
These men enter the house. [D.I.83 - ii.(Samannaphala).96\
niggahito 'si
refuted / you are
You are refuted. [D.III.117- xxix.(Pasadika).l\
kilanto 'smi
tired / I am
I am tired. [~D.II.128 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna)A.22\
danam detha
alms / give
Give alms. [D.II.357- xxiii.(Payasi).33 ]
16
Exercise 7
English into Pali
p. 43
They experience happiness
te / patisamvedenti / sukham
te sukham patisamvedenti [cf. D.1 .75 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).79]
The doctrine has been declared by me
dhammo / pannatto / maya
maya dhammo pannatto [D.II.154 - xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).6.1]
The wanderer is (hoti) contented
paribbajako / hoti / santuttho
paribbajako santuttho hoti [cf. D.I.71 - ii.(Samannaphala).66\
Death is misery
maranam / dukkham
maranam dukkham [D.II.305 - xxii.(Mahasatipatthana).18 ]
I have heard this
me / sutam / evam
evam me SUtam [D.I.127 (not 1.128 as per book) - v.(Kutadanta).l]
I did the work
me / katam / kammam
kammam me katam [D.III.257- xxxiii.(Sangtti).3.l(v)]
He gives a donation
deti / danam
danam deti [D.III.258 - xxxiii.(Sahgiti)3.1(vi)]
The body is tired
kayo / kilanto
kayo kilanto [D. III.255 - xxxiii.(Sangtti).3.1(iv)]
17
Exercise 8
Pali into English
p. 50
aham tena samayena raja Mahasudassano ahosim
I / at that time / king / Mahasudassana / was
At that time I was the king Mahasudassana. [D.II.196 - xvii.(Mahasudassana).2.l4]
danena n' atthi puhham
by giving / not / there is / merit
There is no merit in giving. [D.I.53- ii.(Samannaphala).17 ]
te 'ham upasamkamitvd evam vadami
them / I / having approached / thus / I say
Having approached them, I say thus. [D.III.28 - xxiv.(Patika).2.14 ]
mam abhivadetva pakkami
me / having bid farewell / he left
He bade me farewell and left. [cf. D.I.222 - xi.(Kevaddha).84 ]
disva evam avocumha
having seen / thus / we said
After seeing we said thus. [D.III.39-40 - xxv.(Udumbarika-Slhanada).7\
dittha bho satta jivasi
excellent / honourable / being / you live
Excellent, honourable being, you're alive! [D.III.73- xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Sihanada).21]
jayatn veram pasavati
victory / enmity / generates
Victory generates enmity. [D.III.183- xxxi.(Sigalaka).ll\
brahmano brahmuna manteti
Brahmin / Brahma / consults
The Brahmin consults Brahma. [D.II.237- xix.(Mahagovinda).39]
evam bho ti
thus / sir / (end-quote)
"Yes, sir." [D.I.236 - xiii.(Tevijja).7]
handa vata bho gacchama
well / indeed / sir / let us go
Well indeed, sir, let's go. [D.III.16- xxiv.(Patika).1.19]
18
kalam karonto avoca
time / making 1 / he said
Dying, he said. [D.III.181 - xxxi.(Sigalaka).2\
raja samano idam labhati
king / being / this / he receives
Being a king he receives this. [D.III.146 - xxx.(Lakkhana).1.5]
jhanam jhayati
absorption / he meditates
He meditates on this absorption. [D.II.238 - xix.(Mahagovinda).41]
mayam bhagavantam saranam gacchama, dhamman ca
we / (to) Blessed One / (as) refuge / we go / (to) Dhamma / and
We go to the Blessed One for refuge, and to the Dhamma. [D.II.43 -
xiv.(Mahapadana).3.16 ]
jwitam demi
life / I give
I give life. [D.I.148 - v.(Kutadanta).28 ]
1 kala.m karonto = dying
19
Exercise 8
English into Pali
p. 50
They enter by this gate
pavisanti / imina / dvarena
imina dvarena pavisanti [D.II.83- xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).1.17]
The king, having greeted the fortunate one, sat down
raja / abhivadetva / bhagavantam / nisidi
raja bhagavantam abhivadetva nisidi [D.I.50-1 - ii.(Samannaphala).ll]
Having approached (and) greeted the fortunate one, they sat down
upasamkamitva / abhivadetva / bhagavantam / nisldimsu
bhagavantam upasamkamitva abhivadetva nisldimsu [D.II.84 -
xvi. (Mahdparinibbdna).l .18]
Having approached them I ask these questions
upasamkamitva / te / pucchami / ime / panhe
te upasamkamitva ime panhe pucchami [D.II.284 - xxi.(Sakkapanha). 2.7]
Having dressed, taking a bowl I entered the village
nivasetva / adaya / pattam / aham / pavisim / gamam
aham nivasetva pattam adaya gamam pavisim [D.III.6 - xxiv.(Patika). 1.7]
Gentlemen! Do not say thus
bhonto / ma / avocuttha / evam
ma bhonto evam avocuttha [D.I.122- iv.(Sonadanda).19]
The honourable Jotipala went forth
bhavam / Jotipalo / pabbaji
bhavam Jotipalo pabbaji [D.II.249 - xix.(Mahagovinda). 58]
(As he is) going he sees
gaccham / passati
gaccham passati [cf. D.III.126-7 (passam passati) - xxix.(Pdsadika).16]
I do not take counsel with God
aham / na / mantemi / brahmuna
n 7 aham brahmuna mantemi [D.II.237 - xix.(Mahagovinda) .39]
He entered the house
pavisi / geham
geham pavisi [cf. D.II.85 - xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).1.22]
20
He gives a drink
deti / panam
panam deti [cf. D.III.258 (danam deti) - xxxiii.(Sangtti).3.4\
I do not get food
aham / na / labhami / bhojanam
n 7 aham bhojanam labhami [cf. D.III.255-6- xxxiii.(Sahgiti).3.l(iv)\
He sees the garment
passati / vattham
vattham passati [cf. D.II.110 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbana).3.25]
He is (hoti) satisfied with the resting place
so / hoti / santuttho / senasanena
so senasanena santuttho hoti [D.III.225 - xxxiii.(Sahgiti).l.lKix)]
Living beings experience unhappiness
bhuta / patisamvedenti / dukkham
bhuta dukkham patisamvedenti [D.I.53 - iUSdmannaphala).20]
The lay disciples come to the place
upasaka / (tena) upasamkamanti / yena / padeso
upasaka yena padeso ten 7 upasamkamanti [cf. D.ll.84,87 -
xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).1.20,26 and D.II.198 - xvii.(Mahasudassana).2. 17]
21
Exercise 9
Pali into English
p.53
kaya hayanti
bodies / are abandoned
Bodies are abandoned. [D.II.221 - xix.(Mahagovinda).2]
ayatn kho sa brahmana pahhd
this / indeed / that / Brahmin / wisdom
Indeed, Brahmin, this is that wisdom. [D.I.124 - iv.(Sonadanda).23]
esa tanha pahiyati
this / craving / is abandoned
This craving is abandoned. [D.II.310 - xxii.(Mahasatipatthana).20 ]
bhojanam diyati
food / is given
Food is given. [D. 11.354 - xxiii.(Pdydsi).32]
saccatn Nigrodha bhasita te esa vaca (interrogative)
is it true / Nigrodha / uttered / by you / this / speech
Is it true, Nigrodha, that this speech was uttered by you? [D.III.53 -
xxv .(Udumbarika-S ihanada) .21]
saccatn bhante bhasita me esa vaca (affirmative reply )
it is true / lord / uttered / by me / this / speech
It is true, lord, this speech was uttered by me. [D.III.54 - xxvXUdumbarika-
Slhanada) .21]
idatn vuccati cittan ti vd vihhanan ti vd
this / is called / mind / (end-quote) / consciousness / (end-quote) / or
This is called "mind" or "consciousness." [D.I.21 - i.(Bmhmajdla).2.13]
ta devata mam etad avocutn
those / deities / me / thus / said
Those deities said this to me. [D.II.51 - xiv.(Mahapadana).3.30]
atthi kho bho Manika nama vijjd
there is / indeed / sir / Manika / called / science
Indeed, sir, there is a science called "Manika." [D.I.214 - xi.(Kevaddha).7]
sahha ca vedana ca niruddha honti
perceptions / and / sensations / and / ceased / they are
Perceptions and sensations have ceased. [D.III.266- xxxiii.(SangTti).3.2(vi)]
22
Sujata nama bhante upasika kalakata
Sujata / named / Venerable sir / lay devotee (female) / died
Venerable sir, the lay devotee Sujata has died. [D.II.92 (not 11.93 as per book) -
xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).2.6 ]
evam pi kho Sunakkhatto may a vuccamano apakkami
thus / and / indeed / Sunakkhatta / by me / being said / withdrew
And so Sunakkhatta, at my words, withdrew. [D.III.6- xxiv.(Patika).1.6]
samano Gotamo imam parisam agacchati
wanderer / Gotama / (to) this / assembly / comes
The wanderer Gotama comes to this assembly, [cf. D.I.179 - ix.(Potthapada).4
and D.III.38 - xxv.(Udumbarika-Slhanada).5\
23
Exercise 9
English into Pali
p.54
These phenomena are abandoned
ete / dhamma / pahlyanti
ete dhamma pahlyanti [D.I.195- ix.(Potthapada).40]
Goats are killed
aja / hannanti
aja hannanti [D.II.352 (ajelaka hannanti) - xxiii.(Pdydsi).31]
The priest is seen
brahmano / dissati
brahmano dissati [cf. D.III.81 - xxvii.(Agganna).4 ]
Ignorance is given up
avijja / pahiyati
avijja pahiyati [D.II.215 - xviii.(]anavasabha).25]
He is called an ascetic
so / vuccati / samano
SO samano vuccati [D.I.167- viii.(Mahaslhanada).15]
This is called misery
idam / vuccati / dukkham
idam dukkham vuccati [D.II.307- xxii.(Mahasatipatthana).18 ]
Taking a garland they went to the hall
adaya / malam / (tena) upasamkamimsu / yena / sala
malam adaya yena sala ten' upasamkamimsu [cf. D.II.265 - xxUSakkapanha).! .4]
24
Exercise 10
Pali into English
p. 59
na dram tathagatassa parinibbanam bhavissati
not / a long time / of the Tathagata / the passing away / will be
The passing away of the Tathagata will not be long. [D.II.114-
xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).3.37 ]
imassa jayo bhavissati
for this one / victory / there will be
There will be victory for this one. [D.I.10 - i.(Brahmajdla).1.23]
brahmana brahmuno putta
Brahmins / of Brahma / sons
The Brahmins are sons of Brahma. [D.III.81 - xxvii.(Agganna).3\
dukkhass' antam karissanti
of suffering / end / they will make
They will make an end of suffering. [D.I.54 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).20]
aropito te vado
disproved / of you / the statement
Your statement has been disproved. [D.I.8- i.(Brahmajala).l. 18]
ayam imassa bhasitassa attho
this / of this / speech / the meaning
This is the meaning of this speech. [D.I.137- v.(Kutadanta).13 ]
ma me purato atthasi
do not / of me / in front / stand
Do not stand in front of me. [D.II.139 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).5.4 ]
so mam panhena, aham veyyakaranena sobhissami
he / me / by the question / I / with an explanation / I will make clear
By him questioning me, and my explaining, I will make it clear. [D.I.105 -
Hi. (Ambattha) .2.10]
tena kho pana samayena Anando bhagavato pitthito thito hoti
bhagavantam vijamano
at that / indeed / but / time / Ananda / the Blessed One / behind /
standing / is / the Blessed One / fanning
But at that time Ananda was standing behind the Blessed One fanning
him. [D.II.73- xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).lA\
kammam kho pana me karontassa kayo kilamissati
action / indeed / but / of me / of doing / the body / will tire
Moreover while doing this action my body will tire. [D.III.255 -
xxxiii. (Sangtti).3.1.(iv)\
25
tassa ratanani bhavanti
his / gems / they are
They are his gems. [D.II.16- xiv.(Mahdpaddm).1.31]
English into Pali
p. 60
These people will have sons
imesam / manussanam / bhavissanti / putta
imesam manussanam putta bhavissanti [D.III.71 - xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Sthandda).19 ]
I am his slave
aham / amhi / tassa / daso
aham tassa daso amhi [D.I.60- ii.(Sdmannaphala).35 ]
There will be danger
bhavissati / bhayam
bhayam bhavissati [D.I.69 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).60]
He will teach the doctrine
desessati / dhammam
dhammam desessati (desissati) [D.III.76 - xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Sihanada).25]
I will be an ascetic
bhavissami / samano
samano bhavissami [D.III.95 - xxvii.(Agganna).26]
The priest has a son
brahmanassa / atthi / putto
atthi brahmanassa putto [D.II.231 - xix.(Mahagovinda).29]
They wrap the king's body in a garment
vethenti / ranno / sariram / vatthena
ranno sariram vatthena vethenti [D.II.141 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).5.11]
This is the pagoda of that fortunate one
ayam / hoti / thupo / imassa / bhagavato
ayam imassa bhagavato thupo hoti [~D.II.142 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).5.U ]
We deserve a share of the relics of the fortunate one
mayam / arahama / bhagam / sarlranam / bhagavato
mayam bhagavato sarlranam bhagam arahama [D.II.164-165 -
xvi.(Mahdparinibbana).6.24\
26
Exercise 11
Pali into English
p. 66
na kho aham avuso addasam
not / indeed / I / friend / saw
Indeed, friend, I did not see. [D.I.130 - xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).4.26\
ay am tathagatassa pacchima vaca
this / of the Tathagata / last / saying
This is the last utterance of the Tathagata. [D.II.156 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).6.7]
pdmujjam bhavissati, sukho ca vihd.ro
joy / will be / happiness / and / abiding
There will be joy and a happy abiding. [D.I.196 - ix.(Potthapada)AO ]
addasa kho bhagava ta devatayo
he saw / indeed / the Blessed One / those / deities
Truly the Blessed One saw those deities. [D.II.87- xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).l.27]
imina kho evam bho pariyayena Jotipalassa manavassa Mahagovindo ti samahha
udapadi
by this / indeed / thus / sir / course / of Jotipala / young Brahmin /
Mahagovinda / [end-quote] / agreed name / arose
Thus, in this way Mahagovinda ("Great Steward") arose as the agreed
name of the young Brahmin Jotipala. [D.II.232 - xix.(Mahagovinda).31]
sassato loko
eternal / world
The world is eternal. [D.I.187- ix.(Potthapada).25 ]
so gacchati dakkhinam disatn
he / goes / southern / direction
He is going in the southern direction. [D.I.222 - xi.(Kevaddha).85\
kusalan ti pi na bhavissati, kuto pana kusalassa karako
good / [end-quote] / also / not / will be / whence / but / of good / doer
There is not even the concept "good", let alone a doer of good. [D.III.71 -
xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Sihanada).19 ]
aham kho maggatn agamasim
I / indeed / path / went
Indeed I went on that path. [D.III.255 - xxxiii.(SangTti).3.1(iv))
kalyanam vuccati brahmana
beautifully / it is said / brahmin
Beautifully said. Brahmin. [D.I.110 - iii.(Ambattha).2.22]
27
atha kho raja Mahasudassano vamena hatthena bhinkaram gahetva dakkhinena
hatthena cakkaratanam abbhukkiri
then / indeed / king / Mahasudassana / with the left / hand / ceremonial
water vessel / having taken / with the right / hand / wheel-gem /
sprinkled
Then King Mahasudassana took the ceremonial water vessel in his left
hand and sprinkled the wheel-gem with his right hand. [D.II.172-
xvii. (Mahasudassana). 1.8]
idam kusalam
this / good
This is good. [D.II.222 - xix.(Mahagovinda).7 ]
ayam JambudTpo iddho c'eva bhavissati phTto ca
this / India / powerful / and / surely / will be / prosperous / and
Thus this India will surely be powerful and prosperous. [~D.III.75 -
xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Slhandda).23 ]
miccha pati panno tvam asi, aham asmi samma patipanno
wrongly / practising / you / are / I / am / rightly / practising
You are practising incorrectly, I am practising correctly. [D.\n.'n7-xxix.(Pasadika).l]
so tato cuto idhupapanno
he / then / died / here,reborn
Then he died and was reborn here. [D.I.81 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).93\
addasa paribbajako bhagavantam agacchantam
saw / the wanderer / the Blessed One / coming
The wanderer saw the Blessed One coming. [D.I.179 - ix.(Potthapada).4]
sannd uppajjanti pi nirujjhanti pi
perceptions / arise / and / cease / and
Perceptions arise and pass away. [D.I.180 - ix.(Potthapada).6 ]
bhagavato abadho uppajji
to the Blessed One / illness / arose
I lln ess arose in the Blessed One. [D.II.127- xvi.(Mahdparinibbana).4.20 ]
samvaram apajjati
restraint / he acquires
He practises restraint. [D.I.85 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).100\
aham kho kammam akasim. kammam kho pana me karontassa kayo kilanto,
handdham nipajjami
I / indeed 7 work / did / work / indeed / but / of me / of the doing /
body / tired / then, I / lie down
I worked. But truly while doing this work my body tired, so I am lying
down. [D.III.255- xxxiii.(Sahglti).3.1.(iv)]
imam mayam addasama idha upapannam
this / we / we saw / here / arisen
We saw this arisen here. [D.I.18 - i.(Brahmajala).2.5 ]
28
Exercise 11
English into Pali
p. 66
The universe is infinite
loko / ananto
ananto loko [D.I.188 - ix.(Potthapada).25]
This is not easy
idam / na / sukaram
na idam sukaram [D.I.63 - ii.(Samanmphala).41\
I followed the road
aham / patipajjim / maggam
aham maggam patipajjim [D.III.255 - xxxiii.(Sangiti).3.l .(iv)]
The king saw the boy
raja / addasa / kumaram
raja kumaram addasa [D.II.16 - xiv.(Mahdpaddna).1.31]
The city was prosperous
nagaram / ahosi / phitam
nagaram phitam ahosi [cf. D.II.146 - xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).5.18 and D.I.211 -
xi.(Kevaddha).l ]
He is fixed, permanent, eternal
so / dhuvo / nicco / sassato
so dhuvo nicco sassato [D.I.18- i.(Bmhmajdla).2.6]
We saw the fortunate one
mayam / addasama / bhagavantam
mayam bhagavantam addasama [D.III.39 - xxv.(Udumbarika-Slhanada).7 ]
The speech is agreeable
vaca / kanta
vaca kanta [D.III.173- xxx.(Lakkhana).2.22\
My life was given by him, his life was given by me
mama / jivitam / dinnam / tena / tassa / jivitam / dinnam / maya
mama jivitam tena dinnam, tassa jivitam maya dinnam [cf. D.I.148 - v.(Kutadanta).28 ]
See! Ananda - They are past, ended, changed
passa / Ananda / te / atlta / niruddha / parinata
pass' Ananda te atlta niruddha parinata [D.II.198- xvii.(Mahasudassana).2.16]
29
He has much gold
tassa / hoti / pahutam / suvannam
tassa pahutam suvannam hoti [cf. D.II.351 - xxiii.(Pdydsi).29 and D.III.163 -
xxx.(Lakkhana) .2.2]
30
Exercise 12
Passage for Reading
p. 75
Bhutapubbam annataro saiikhadhamo sankham adaya paccantimam janapadam
agamasi.
in the past / a certain / conchblower / conch / having taken /
neighbouring / country / went
In the past, a certain conchblower took his conch and went to a
neighbouring country.
so yen' annataro gamo ten' upasahkami.
he / towards / a certain / village / there / he approached
There he approached a particular village,
upasahkamitva sankham upalasitva
having approached / conch / having sounded
and drawing near, he sounded his conch,
sankham nikkhipitva nisidi.
conch / having put down / he sat down
put it on the ground and then sat down.
atha kho tesam paccantajananam manussanam etad ahosi:
then / indeed / to those / foreign / people / this / occurred
Then those foreign people thought to themselves:
kissa nu kho eso saddo evatn rajaniyo evam kamaniyo evatn madaniyo
of what / is it / indeed / this / sound / thus / exciting / thus / lovely /
thus / intoxicating
"Indeed, what is this sound that is so exciting, so lovely, and so
intoxicating?"
sannipatitva tarn sankhadhamam etad avocum:
having assembled / that / conchblower / this / they said
They assembled and then said to that conchblower:
ambho kissa nu kho eso saddo evatn rajaniyo evam kamaniyo evam madaniyo ti.
hey you! / of what / is it / indeed / this / sound / thus / exciting / thus /
lovely thus / lovely / (end-quote)
"Hey you! What is this sound that is so exciting, so lovely, and so
intoxicating?"
eso kho, bho, sankho nama yass' eso saddo evatn rajaniyo evam kamaniyo evam
madaniyo ti.
this / indeed / sir / conch / named / of which / this / sound / thus /
exciting / thus / lovely / thus / intoxicating / (end-quote)
"This, friends, the sound of which is so exciting, so lovely, and so
intoxicating, is called a conch." [D.II.337- xxiii.(Pdydsi).19]
31
Exercise 12
Pali into English
p. 76
yen' ajja samano Gotamo dvarena nikkhamissati tarn Gotamadvaram nama
bhavissati
by which / today / wanderer / Gotama / by the gate / he will leave /
that / Gotama gate / named / it will be
The gate through which the wanderer Gotama will leave today will be
called the Gotama Gate. [D.II.89- xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).1.32\
vatthani pi 'ssa nayatha annesam
clothes / and / of him / not / as / of others
And his clothes are not like those of others. [D.II.28 - xiv.(Mahdpadam).2.14]
imassa ko attho
of this / what / meaning
What is the meaning of this? [D.III.285- xxxiv.(Dasuttara).2.1(i)]
mayam yam icchissama tarn karissama
we / which / we will want / that / we will do
We will do what we want. [D.II.162 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).6.20]
kissa nu kho me idatn kammassa phalam, kissa kammassa vipdko
of what / is it / indeed / my / this / of the action / fruit / of what / of
the action / result
Of what action of mine is this the fruit, of what action the result? [D.II.185-
xvii. (Mahasudassana).2 . 1 ]
tarn kim mannanti bhonto deva
this / what / they think / honourable / gods
What do the honourable gods think of this? [D.II.216 - xviii.(Janavasabha).26\
n atthi paro loko
not / there is / other / world
There is no other world. [D.I.55- ii.(Sdmannaphala).23\
ko 'si tvam avuso
who / you are / you / friend
Who are you, friend? [D.II.356- xxiii.(Payasi).33]
kim kusalam kim akusalam
what / wholesome / what / unwholesome
What is wholesome, what is unwholesome? [D.III.61 - xxvUCakkavaUi-
Slhanada).5 ]
32
ke tumhe
who / you (pi.)
Who are you? [D.III.84 - xxvii.(Agganna).9]
raja samano kim labhati
king / being / what / he receives
Being king what does he receive? [D.III.146 - xxx.(Lakkhana).1.5 ]
imina me upasamena Udayibhaddo kumaro samannagato hotu
with this / my / with calm / Udayibhadda / prince / endowed / may he
be
May my Prince Udayibhadda be endowed with this calm. [D.I.50 -
ii. (Samannaphala) .12]
puccha maharaja yad akankhasi
ask / great king / what / you wish
Ask what you wish, your majesty. [D.I.51 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).13\
karoti te bhagava okasam
he makes / for you / Blessed One / opportunity
The Blessed One gives you permission. [D.II.150 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).5.25]
yam kho 'ssa na kkhamati tarn pajahati
which / indeed / to him / not / it pleases / that / he abandons
Truly he abandons that which does not please him. [D.III.43 - xxv.(Udumbarika-
Slhanada).10]
33
Exercise 12
English into Pali
p. 76
He gave to me
adasi / mama
mama adasi [D.III.258 (adasi me) - xxxiii.(Sangtti).3.1(vi)]
Prince Udayibhadda (is) dear to me
kumaro / Udayibhaddo / piyo / me
Udayibhaddo kumaro me piyo [D.I.50- ii.(Sdmannaphala).12\
The fortunate one, taking a howl, entered the village for alms
bhagava / adaya / pattam / pavisi / gamam / pindaya
bhagava pattam adaya gamam pindaya pavisi [cf. D.I.178 - ix.(Potthapada).2 and
D.II.85 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).1.22\
He teaches the doctrine for " extinction "
deseti / dhammam / nibbanaya
nibbanaya dhammam deseti [cf. D.III.55 - xxv.(Udumbarika-Sihandda).21]
He eats what he likes
bhunjati / (tarn) yam / khamati
yam khamati tarn bhunjati [D.III.43- xxv.(Udumbarika-Slhandda).W]
Then (atha) the gate by which the fortunate one left was named Gotama Gate
atha / (kho) / dvarena / yena / bhagava / nikkhami / (tam) / ahosi / nama / Gotamadvaram
atha kho yena dvarena bhagava nikkhami tam Gotamadvaram nama
ahosi [D.II.89- xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).1.32\
What do you think, then, great king?
kim / mannasi / tam / maharaja
tam kim mannasi maharaja [D.I.60 - ii.(Samannaphala).35]
We have come here to see the honourable Gotama
mayam / upasamkanta / idha / dassanaya / bhavantam / Gotamam
mayam bhavantam Gotamam dassanaya idh' upasamkanta [D.I.89 -
iii. (Ambattha) .1.7]
Did you hear a noise, sir? I didn't hear a noise, sir!
kim / assosi / saddam / bho / aham / na / assosim / saddam / bho
kim bho saddam assosi. na bho aham saddam assosim [D.II.130 -
xvi.(Mahdparinibbana).4.27 ]
We do not see his soul leaving
mayam / na / passama / assa / jlvam / nikkhamantam
na mayam assa jlvam nikkhamantam passama [D.II.333- xxiii.(Pdydsi).l4]
34
Exercise 13
Passage for Reading
p. 84
Te tam sankham uttanam nipatesum: vadehi, bho sankha, vadehi, bho sankha 'ti.
they / this / conch / lying down / they put down / speak / sir / conch /
speak / sir / conch / (end-quote)
They laid the conch down on its back: Speak, sir conch, speak!"
n' eva so sankho saddam akasi.
not / even / this / conch / sound / made
But the conch made no sound at all.
te tam sankham passena nipatesum . . . uddham thapesum . . .
they / this / conch / on its side / they put down / ... / up / they made
stand
They laid the conch on its side . . . they stood it up ...
dandena akotesum . . . sandhunimsu:
with a stick / they struck I ... / they shook
they struck it with a stick . . . they shook it:
vadehi, bho sankha, vadehi, bho sankha 'ti.
speak / sir / conch / speak / sir / conch / (end-quote)
Speak, sir conch, speak!"
n' eva so sankho saddam akasi.
not / even / this / conch / sound / made
But the conch made no sound.
atha kho tassa sankhadhamassa etad ahosi:
then / indeed / to this / conch blower / this / occurred
Then the conch blower thought to himself:
yava bala ime paccantaja manussa.
to what extent / fools / these / foreign / people
"What fools these foreign people are!
katham hi nama ayoniso sahkha-saddam gavesissantl ti.
why / indeed / then / unmethodically / conch-sound / they look for /
(end-quote)
Why do they look for the conch sound so unmethodically?"
35
tesam pekkhamananam sankham gahetva tikkhattum sankham upalasitva
sankham adaya pakkami.
of these / looking on / conch / having picked up / three times / conch /
having played / conch / having taken / he departed
While they were looking on, he picked up the conch, blew it three times,
took the conch, and departed. [D.ll.337-8 (not II.357-8 as per book) -
xxiii.(Payasi).19]
36
Exercise 13
Pali into English
p. 84
brahmano mante vacesi
Brahmin / mantras / recited
The Brahmin recited the mantras. [D.II.236 - xix.(Mahagovinda).37 ]
so tarn cittam bhaveti
he / that / thought / develops
He develops that thought. [D.III.259 - xxxiii.(Sahgiti).3.Kvii)]
na tarn deva paccatthikanam demi
not / you / Lord / to enemies / I give
Lord, I do not give you up to your enemies. [D.I.50 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).10]
ayam dukkha-samudayo
this / of suffering-origin
This is the origin of suffering. [D.I.84- ii.(Sdmannaphala).98 ]
raja kumarassa pasade karapesi
king / for the prince / palaces / he has built
The king has palaces built for the prince. [D.II.21 - xiv.(Mahapadana).1.38 ]
so imina ca ariyena sila-kkhandhena sammanagato imina ariyena indriya-
samvarena sammanagato . . . vivittam senasanam bhajati: arannam,
rukkhamulam, pabbatam . . . abbhokasam palala-punjam
he / with this / and / noble / of virtue-mass / endowed / with this /
noble / of faculty-restraint / endowed / / isolated / resting place /
he resorts to / forest / foot of a tree / mountain / . . . / open air / of
straw-heap
Endowed with this noble mass of virtue and with restraint of the faculties
... he resorts to a isolated resting place: a forest, the foot of a tree, a
mountain ... a heap of straw in the open air. [D.I.71 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).67 ]
idha tathagatena anuttaram dhamma-cakkam pavattitam
here / by the Buddha / unsurpassed / of Damma-wheel / set in motion
Here the unsurpassed wheel of Dhamma has been set in motion by the
Buddha. [D.II.140 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).5.8]
idatn pamtam
this / excellent
This is excellent. [D.II.223- xix. (Mahagovinda).7]
37
ye malatn aropessanti, tesam tarn bhavissati sukhaya
those who / garland / they will put on top of / for them / this / will be /
for happiness
Whoever will lay on a garland will reap happiness. [D.II.161 -
xvi.(Mahdparinibbana).6.17]
tvam pana samma Jivaka kirn tunhi
you / but / dear / Jivaka / why / silent
But, dear Jivaka, why are you silent?
[D.I.49 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).8]
kacci mam samma Jivaka na paccatthikanam desi
perhaps? / me / dear / Jivaka / not / to enemies / you give
Are you not, my dear Jivaka, giving me up to my enemies? [D.I.50 -
ii. (Samannaphala) .10]
38
Exercise 13
English into Pali
p. 85
This is the cessation of unhappiness
ayam / dukkha-nirodho
ayam dukkhanirodho [D.I.84 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).98]
(It is) now the time for extinction of the fortunate one
dani / parinibbana-kalo / bhagavato
parinibbanakalo dani bhagavato [D.II.112 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).3.34\
Cunda the son of a smith, having had delicious dishes prepared, had the time
announced to the fortunate one: "(It is) time, sir, the meal is ready."
Cundo / kammara-putto / panitam / khadaniyam / patiyadapetva /
kalam / arocapesi / bhagavato / kalo / bhante / bhattam / nitthitam /
(ti)
Cundo kammaraputto panitam khadaniyam patiyadapetva bhagavato
kalam arocapesi: kalo bhante nitthitam bhattan ti [D.II.127-
xvi.(Mahdparinibbdna).4.17 ]
The lion, king of the beasts, went out
siho / miga-raja / nikkhami
siho migaraja nikkhami [D.III.23 - xxiv.(Pdtika).2.6]
There are other profound, delightful, doctrines which the "thus-gone" makes
known
atthi / anne / gambhira / partita / dhamma / ye / tathagato / pavedeti
atthi anne dhamma gambhira panita ye tathagato pavedeti [D.I.12 -
i.(Brahmajdla).1.28]
He develops that thought
bhaveti / tarn / cittam
tarn cittam bhaveti [D.III.259 - xxiii.(Pdydsi).3.1(vii)]
The king, having had the priests invited, said this: "Let the priests see the boy"
raja / brahmane / amantapetva / avoca / etad / brahmana / passantu /
kumaram / (ti)
raja brahmane amantapetva etad avoca: brahmana kumaram passantu ti
[D.II.16 - xiv.(Mahdpaddna).1.31]
The king, having made the boy sit down, instructs (him)
raja / kumaram / nisidapetva / anusasati
raja kumaram nisidapetva anusasati [D.II.20-21 - xiv.(Mahdpadana).1.37 ]
39
The priest had a new house built to the east of the city
brahmano / navam / geham / karapesi / puratthimena / nagarassa
brahmano nagarassa puratthimena navam geham karapesi [D.II.239 -
xix. (Mahagovinda) .43]
Recite the prayers! (plural)
vacetha / mante
mante vacetha [D.II.238 - xix. (Mahagovinda). 41 ]
I set free the goats
aham / muncapemi / aje
aham aje muncapemi [D.1. 147-148 - v.(Katadanta).28]
40
Exercise 14
Passage for Reading
p. 94
bhUtapubbam ahhataro janapado vutthasi.
in the past 7 a certain / district / emigrated
In the past the people of a certain district emigrated.
atha kho sahayako sahayakam amantesi: ayama samma.
then / indeed / friend / friend / addressed / let us go / my dear
Then one friend said to another: "Let's go, my dear.
yena so janapado ten' upasamkamissama.
towards / that / district / there / let us approach
Let's go to that district.
app eva nam’ ettha kind dhanam adhigaccheyyama ti.
perhaps / just / indeed / in this case / whatever / wealth / we could
acquire / (end-quote)
Perhaps we could acquire some riches in this case."
evani samma ti kho sahayako sahayakassa paccassosi.
yes / my dear / (end-quote) / friend / to the friend / assented
"Yes, my dear," assented this friend to the other.
te yena so janapado yen' ahhataram gama-padam ten' upasahkamimsu.
they / towards / district / towards / a certain / village-street / there /
they approached
They went to a certain village street in this district.
Tatth' addasamsu pahutam sanam chadditam.
there / they saw / much / hemp / abandoned
There they saw a large amount of abandoned hemp.
disvd sahayako sahayakam amantesi:
having seen / friend / friend / addressed
When they saw this, one friend said to the other:
idatn kho samma pahutam sanam chadditam.
this / indeed / my dear / much / hemp / abandoned
"Indeed, my dear, this is a large amount of abandoned hemp.
tena hi samma tvah ca sana-bharam bandha, ahan ca sana-bharam bandhissami.
now / my dear / you / and / hemp-load / bind / I / and / hemp-load /
bind
Now bind a load of hemp, my dear, and I will bind another.
41
ubho sana-bharam adaya gamissama ti.
both / hemp-load / taking / we will go / (end-quote)
And taking both loads of hemp, we will go."
evam samma ti kho sahayako sahayakassa patissutva sana-bharam bandhi.
yes / my dear / (end-quote) / friend / to the friend / having replied /
hemp-load / he bound
"Yes, my dear," the friend replied to the other and he bound a load of
hemp. [D.II.349-350 - xxiii.(Payasi).29]
42
Exercise 14
Pali into English
p. 95
puccheyyam’ aham bhante kan cid eva desam
I would ask / I / reverend sir / which / ever / thus / topic
I would ask you, reverend sir, about any topic whatever. [D.I.51 -
ii. (Samannaphala) .13]
deva tamha kaya cavanti
g ods / from that / body (place) / fall
iods fall from that place. [D.I.20 - i.(Brahmajala).2.10 ]
upadana-paccaya bhavo
from the clinging-condition / becoming
With clinging as condition there is becoming. [D.II.56 - xv.(Mahanidana).2\
yan nuna mayam kusalam kareyyama
what / is it not / we / good / would do
What if we were to do good? [D.III.73- xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Slhanada).21\
na hi bhagava evam vadeyya
not / indeed / Blessed One / thus / would say
The blessed would surely not say such a thing. [D.III.249 -
xxxiii. ( Sangiti).2 .2 (xvii)]
na dan’ ime imamha abadha vutthahissanti
not / now / these / from this / illness / they would arise
These ones will not now recover from this illness. [D.II.320- xxiii.(Payasi).6 ]
te kalena kalam upsamkamitva paripuccheyyasi
them / by time / time / having approached / you should ask advice
From time to time you should approach them and ask advice. [D.III.61 -
xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Slhanada).5]
tassa evam assa: aham kho pubbe daso ahosim. so 'mhi etarahi tamha dasavya
mutto
of him / thus / it might be / I / indeed / before / slave / I was / I
(emphatic) / am / at present / from that / slavery / freed
He might think: "Before I was a slave, but now I am freed from that
slavery." [D.I.72- ii.(Sdmannaphala).72\
43
yattha pan' avuso sabbaso vedayitam n' atthi, api nu kho tattha "asmi" ti siya
where / but / friend / completely / sensation / not / there is / perhaps /
is it / indeed / in that case / I am / (end-quote) / it might be
But, friend, where there is no feeling at all, would there be in that case the
thought "I am"? [D.II.67 - xv.(Mahanidana).30]
khina me asava
destroyed / for me / taints
The taints are destroyed in me. [D.III.283 - xxxiv.(Dasuttara).1.8(x)]
na mam ko ci asanena pi nimantesi
not / to me / who / ever / with a seat / even / invited
And no one even offered me a seat. [D.I.91 - iii.(Ambattha).l.l3]
ayantu bhonto
may they approach / sirs
Approach, sirs! [D.II.233 - xix.(Mahagovinda).32\
idha samano vd brahmano vd kusalam dhammam adhigacheyya.
here / recluse / or / brahmin / or / good / mental state / he might
acquire /
Here a recluse or brahmin might acquire some good mental state,
kusalam dhammam adhigantva na parassa aroceyya.
good / mental state / having acquired / not / to another / he should
inform /
and having acquired that good mental state, he should not inform
another.
kim hi paro parassa karissati.
what 7 indeed / one / to another / he will do /
For indeed what can one person do for another?
seyyatha pi nama puranam bandhanam chinditva
just as / and / then / old / fetter / having cut /
Just as if, then, having cut one fetter,
ahhatn navatn bandhanam kareyya.
another / new / fetter / he would make
he would create a new one. [D.I.224- xii.(Lohicca).2\
44
Exercise 14
English into Pali
p. 95
I got up from my seat and left
aham / utthaya / asana / pakkamim
aham utthay 7 asana pakkamim [D.I.53 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).18]
If the philosopher Gotama should come to this assembly we will ask him this
question
sace / samano / Gotamo / agaccheyya / imam / parisam / puccheyyama
/ tarn / imam / panham
sace samano Gotamo imam parisam agaccheyya tarn imam panham
puccheyyama [D.III.40- xxv.(Udumbarika-Slhanada).7]
What should we do?
kim / kareyyama
kim kareyyama [D.III.73 - xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Sihanada).21]
I should do meritorious actions
aham / kareyyam / punnani
aham punnani kareyyam [D.I.60 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).35]
Sensation is caused by contact
vedana / phassa,paccaya
phassapaccaya vedana [D.II.56 - xv.(Mahanidam).2]
You should explain it as it pleases you
(tatha) / vyakareyyasi / tarn / yatha / khameyya / te
yatha te khameyya tatha tarn vyakareyyasi [D.I.60 - ii.(Sdmannaphala).34\
We would invite him to sit down
mayam / nimanteyyama / tarn / asanena
mayam tarn asanena nimanteyyama [D.I.60-61 (not 1.60 as per book) -
ii.(Sdmannaphala) .36\
There will be an eclipse of the moon
bhavissati / canda-(g)gaho
candaggaho bhavissati [D.I.10- i.(Brahmajdla).1.24]
There is nothing here
n'atthi / kind / ettha
n'atthi kind ettha [D.II.331 - xxiii.(Pdydsi).13]
The priests would banish the priest from the city
brahmana / pabbajeyyum / brahmanam / nagara
brahmana nagara brahmanam pabbajeyyum [D.I.98 - iii.(Ambattha).1.26\
45
Exercise 15
Passage for Reading
p. 99
te ubho sana-bharam adaya yen' ahhataram gama-padam ten' upasamkamimsu.
they / both / hemp-load / having taken / towards / a certain / village-
street / there / they approached
Both bearing their loads or hemp, they approached another village street.
tatth' addasamsu pahutam sana-suttam chadditam.
there / they saw / much / hemp-thread / abandoned
There they saw a large amount of abandoned hemp thread.
disvd sahayako sahayakam amantesi:
having seen / friend / friend / addressed
Having seen this, one friend said to the other:
yassa kho samma atthaya iccheyyama sanam, idam pahutam sana-suttam
chadditam.
for which / indeed / my dear / purpose / we would want / hemp / this
/ much / hemp-thread / abandoned
"My dear, this large amount of abandoned hemp thread is just what we
want hemp for.
tena hi samma tvah ca sana-bharam chaddehi, ahah ca sana-bharam chaddessami.
now / my dear / you / and / hemp-load / abandon / I / and / hemp-
load / abandon
Now abandon your load of hemp, my dear, and I will abandon mine.
ubho sana-sutta-bharam adaya gamissama ti.
both / hemp-thread-load / taking / we will go / (end-quote)
And both taking a load of hemp thread, we will go."
ayam kho me samma sana-bharo dur-abhato ca su-sannaddho ca.
this / indeed / of me / my dear / hemp-load / difficult-carried / and /
well-tied up / and
"This load of hemp of mine has been difficult to carry and is well tied-up.
alatn me; tvam pajanahi ti.
sufficient / for me / you / understand / (end-quote)
That's good enough for me; you understand."
atha kho so sahayako sana-bharam chaddetva sana-sutta-bharam adiyi.
then / indeed / his / friend / hemp, load / having abandoned / hemp-
thread-load / took
Then his companion abandoned his load of hemp and took a load of
hemp thread. [D.II.350 - xxiii.(Payasi).29]
46
Exercise 15
Pali into English
p. 99
tena hi brahmana sunahi
now / brahmin / listen
Now then Brahmin listen. [D.I.124- iv.(Sonadanda).23]
na tvam imam dhamma-vinayam ajanasi. aham imam dhamma-vinayam
djanami.
not / you / this / doctrine-discipline / you understand / I / this /
doctrine-discipline / I understand
You do not understand this doctrine and discipline, whereas Ido
understand it. [D.III.117- xxix.(Pasadika).l]
idha tathagato jato
here / tathagatha / born
Here the Tathagatha was born. [D.II.140 - xvi.(Mahdparinibbana).5.8]
ko imam dhammam khippam eva ajanissati
who / this / doctrine / quickly / even / will understand
Who would understand this doctrine so quickly? [D.II.40 -
xiv.(Mahapadana).3.8 ]
ekacco danam deti samanassa vd brahmanassa vd annum panam vattham yanam
mald-gandha-vilepanam seyy-avasatha-padipeyyam
someone / charity / gives / to a recluse / or / to a brahmin / or / food /
drink / clothing / carriage / garlands-scent-ointment / bed-room-lamp
Someone gives to a recluse or Brahmin food, drink, clothing,
transportation, garlands, perfume, ointment, a bed, a room, or lamps.
[D.III.259 - xxxiii. ( Sanglti) .3.1(vii)]
ko nu kho pana bhojanati. madantya kama.
who / is it / indeed / but / sir / knows / intoxicating / sense pleasures
But who knows, sir? Sense pleasures are intoxicating. [D.II.234 -
xix. (Mahagovinda) .34]
janahi yadi vd tarn bhavantam Gotamam tatha santam yeva saddo abbhuggato,
yadi vd no tatha
know you / whether / or / this / honourable / Gotama / true / existing
/ surely / sound / disseminated / whether / or / not / true
Find out whether or not it is true that this honourable Gotama is just as
reported. [D.I.88- iii.(Ambattha).1.5]
47
tassa evatn janato evatn passato kam-asava pi cittam vimuccati bhav-asava pi
cittam vimuccati avijj-dsavd pi cittam vimuccati
of him / thus / of one knowing / thus / of one seeing / sense desire-taint
/ and / mind / is freed / becoming-taint / and / mind / is freed /
ignorance-taint / and / mind / is freed
The mind of one who thus knows and sees is freed from the taints of
sense desire, becoming, and ignorance. [D.I.84 - ii.(Samannaphala).97 ]
yam kin ci samudaya-dhammam, sabban tarn nirodha-dhammam
which / whatever / arising-nature / all / that / cessation-nature
Whatever is of the nature to arise, is of the nature to cease. [D.II.41 -
xiv.(Mahdpadana).3.11 ]
n' atthi jatassa amaranam
not / there is / for one born / not death
There is no immortality for anyone born. [D.II.246 - xix.(Mahagovinda).5l ]
48
Exercise 15
English into Pali
p.100
What I know, you know; what you know, I know
yam / aham / janami / tvam / (tam) janasi / yam / tvam / janasi / aham
/ (tam) janami
yam aham janami tam tvam janasi, yam tvam janasi tam aham janami
[D.I.88 - ih.(Ambattha).1.3]
I learn the saying of the fortunate one
ajanami / bhasitam / bhagavato
bhagavato bhasitam ajanami [D.I.184- ix.(Potthapada).18 ]
He will grasp what I explain (fut.) quickly
(tam) ajanissati / yam / vyakarissami / khippam
yam vyakarissami tam khippam ajanissati [D.II.150 - xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).5.25\
After some time he hears the excellent doctrine
aparena / samayena / so / sunati / panitam / dhammam
so aparena samayena panitam dhammam sunati [D.II.214-
xviii.(Janavasabha).23 ]
The fortunate one, taking robe-and-bowl, entered Rajagahafor alms
bhagava / adaya / patta-civaram / pavisi / Rajagaham / pindaya
bhagava pattacivaram adaya Rajagaham pindaya pavisi [D.III.180 - xxxl.2]
Stop! Ananda, don't grieve
alam / Ananda / ma / paridevi
alam Ananda ma paridevi [D.II.144- xvi.(Mahaparinibbana).5.14]
He understands that (use direct speech) these beings (are) endowed with bad-
conduct-of-the-body
pajanati / ime / satta / sammannagata / kaya-duccaritena / ti
ime satta kayaduccaritena sammannagata ti pajanati [D.I.82-
ii. (Sdmannaphala) .95]
Not-memorizing that speech, I left
anuganhanto / tam / vacam / pakkamim
tam vacam anuganhanto pakkamim [D.I.53 - ii.( Sdmannaphala). 18]
Why (is) this unexplained by the philosopher Gotama?
kasma (pana) / etam / avyakatam / samanena / Gotamena
kasma pan' etam samanena Gotamena avyakatam [D.I.188 - ix.(Potthapada).28]
49
You (plur.) have gone forth from house to homelessness
tumhe / pabbajita / agarasma / anagariyam
tumhe agarasma anagariyam pabbajita [D.III.84 - xxvii.(Agganna).9]
50
Exercise 16
Passages for Reading
Passage 1
p. ill
te yen' ahhataram gama-padam ten' upasamkamimsu.
they / towards / a certain / village street / there / they approached
They approached another village street.
tatth' addasamsu pahiitam khomam chadditam.
there / they saw / much / flax / abandoned
There they saw a large amount of abandoned flax.
disva . . .pe. . . vahutam khoma-suttam chadditam.
having seen / etc. / much / flax thread 7 abandoned
When they saw this . . .etc. ... a large amount of abandoned flax thread.
disva . . .pe. . . pahiitam suvannam chadditam.
having seen 7 etc. / much / gold / abandoned
When they saw this . . .etc. ... a large amount of abandoned gold.
disva sahayako sahayakam amantesi:
having seen / friend / friend / addressed
When they saw this, one friend said to the other:
yassa kho samma atthaya iccheyyama sanam vd sanasuttam va ... sisam vd
sajjhum vd, idam pahutam suvannam chadditam.
for which / indeed / my dear / purpose / we would want / hemp / or /
hemp, thread / or / ... / lead / or / silver / or / this / much / gold /
abandoned
"My dear, this large amount of abandoned gold is the very reason that
we want hemp, or hemp thread, or . . . lead, or silver.
tena hi, samma tvah ca sana-bharam chaddehi,
now / my dear / you / and / hemp load / abandon
Now abandon your load of hemp, my dear,
ahah ca sajjhu-bhdram, chaddessami,
I / and / silver load / abandon
and I will abandon my load of silver,
ubho suvanna-bharam adaya gamissama ti.
both / gold load / taking / we will go / (end-quote)
And both taking a load of gold, we will go."
51
au am kho me samma sana-bharo dur-abhato ca su-sannaddho ca.
this / indeed / of me / my dear / hemp load / difficult carried / and /
well tied up / and
"This load of hemp of mine has been difficult to carry and is well tied-up.
alam me; tvam pajanahi ti.
sufficient / for me / you / understand / (end-quote)
That's good enough for me; you understand." [D.II.350-351 - xxiii.(Payasi).29]
Passage 2
p. ill
bhutapubbam ahhataro sukara-posako puriso sakamha gama annum gamatn
agamasi.
in the past / a certain / pig-raiser / man / from own / village / other /
village / he went
Once, a certain man who raised pigs went from his own village to
another.
tatth' addasa pahutam sukkha-gutham chadditam.
there / he saw / much / dry-dung / abandoned
There he saw a large amount of abandoned dried dung.
disvan' assa etad ahosi:
having seen / to him / thus / it was
When he saw this, he thought to himself:
ayam me bahuko sukkha-gutho chaddito, maman ca sukara-bhattam.
this / for me / much / dry-dung / abandoned / my / and / pig-food
"This is a lot of abandoned dried dung for me, and this is food my pigs.
yan nuna-ham ito sukkha-gutham hareyyan ti.
which / is it not I / from here / dry dung / I should take / (end-quote)
Why shouldn't I take this dried dung from here?"
so uttara-sangam pattharitva pahutam sukkha-gutham aharitva
he / outer-robe / having spread / much / dry-dung / having taken
He spread out his cloak, took a load of dried dung,
bhandikam bandhitva slse ubbdhetva, agamasi.
in a bundle / having bound / on the head / having lifted up / he left
bound it up in a bundle, lifted it up onto his head, and left.
tassa antara magge maha akala-megho pavassi.
of him / whilst / on the way / great / untimely-cloud / rained heavily
Whilst on his way, a large unseasonable raincloud drenched him.
52
so uggharantam paggharantam yava agga-nakha guthena makkhito gutha-
bharam addya agamasi.
he / oozing / dripping / as far as / tip-toenails / with dung / smeared /
dung-load / taking / he went
Bearing his load of dung, which was oozing and dripping down to the tips
of his toenails, he went on his way smeared with dung.
tarn enam manussa disva evam ahamsu:
then / him / people / having seen / thus / they said
Then people on seeing him said thus:
kacci no tvam bhane ummatto, kacci viceto.
aren't you? / not / you / I say! / mad / aren't you? / daft
"I say! You must be mad, you must be daft?
katham hi nama uggharantam paggharantam yava agganakha
guthena makkhito gutha-bharam harissasl ti.
why / though / indeed / oozing / dripping / as far as / tip, toe nails /
with dung / smeared / dung-load / you will carry / (end-quote)
Why would you carry a load of dung, smeared with dung, oozing and
dripping clown to the tips of your toenails?"
tumhe kho ettha bhane ummatta tumhe viceta
you / indeed / here / I say! / mad / you / daft
"In this case, I say that you are mad, you are daft,
tatha hi pana me sukara-bhattan ti.
since / though / but / for me / pig-food / (end-quote)
since for me this is pig food." [D.II.347-348 - xxiii.(Pdydsi).25\
53
Exercise 16
Pali into English
p. 112
Bhagava Rajagahe viharati
Blessed One / at Rajagaha / was living
The Blessed One was living at Rajagaha. [D.I.47 - ii.( Sdmanfiaphala).l]
ime candima-suriya parasmim loke na imasmim
these / moon-sun / in other / in the world / not / in this
This sun and moon are in the other world, not in this world. [D.II.319 -
xxiii.(Pdyasi).5]
kismim vivado
on what / quarrel
What is the quarrel about? [D.I.237 - xiii.(Tevijja).9]
evam vutte annataro raj-amacco rdjanam etad avoca
thus / on it said / a certain / king-minister / the king / this / he said
After this was said, a certain king's minister said this to the king. [D.I.47 -
n.(Sdmannaphala).2\
na dani tena dram jwitabbam bhavissati
not / now / by this / for a long time / to be lived / he will be
Now he does not have long to live. [D.II.22 - xiv.(Mahapadana).2.2\
so bhota ranna vippatisaro na karaniyo
this / by honourable / by the king / regret / not / that which should be
done
This honourable king should not show such regret. [D.I.138 - v.(Kutadanta).15]
na kho pan' etam Potthapada evam datthabbam
not / indeed / but 7 this / Potthapada / thus / to be considered
But, Potthapada, this surely should not be considered this way. [D.I.196 -
ix.(Potthapada).40 ]
kin dd eva karanTyam uppajji
what / ever / thus / to be done / arose
Some business or other came up. [D.II.340 - xxiii.(Payasi).2i\
idam sevitabbam, idam na sevitabbam
this / to be practised / this / not / to be practised
This is to be practised, and this is not to be practised.
[D.II.223 - xix.(Mahagovinda).7 ]
54
Exercise 16
English into Pali
p. 112
If now I were to ask the philosopher Gotama a question,
ce / va kho pana / aham / puccheyyam / samanam / Gotamam /
panham
aham ce va kho pana samanam Gotamam panham puccheyyam,
if in that connection the philosopher Gotama were to say to me thus:
ce / tattha / samano / Gotamo / vadeyya / mam / evam
tattha ce samano Gotamo mam evam vadeyya:
" Priest , this question, now, should not be asked thus,
brahmana / eso / panho / ca / na / pucchitabbo / evam
na c' eso brahmana panho evam pucchitabbo,
but thus, priest, this question should be asked,"
nama / evam / brahmana / eso / panho / pucchitabbo / (iti)
evam nam' eso brahmana panho pucchitabbo ti
this assembly would despise me for that:
ayam / parisa / paribhaveyya / mam / tena
tena mam ayam parisa paribhaveyya:
"The priest Sonadanda is a fool, unintelligent,
brahmano / Sonadando / balo / avyatto
balo brahmano Sonadando avyatto
he could not ask the philosopher Gotama a question consequently. "
asakkhi / na / pucchitum / samanam / Gotamam / panham / yoniso /
(ti)
nasakkhi samanam Gotamam yoniso panham pucchitun ti.
If now the philosopher Gotama were to ask me a question,
ce / va kho pana / samano / Gotamo / puccheyya / mam / panham
mam ce va kho pana samano Gotamo panham puccheyya,
and I were not to satisfy his mind with my explanation of his question,
ca / aham / na / aradheyyam / cittam / veyyakaranena / tassa /
panhassa
tassa caham panhassa veyyakaranena cittam na aradheyyam,
if in that connection the philosopher Gotama were to say to me thus:
ce / tattha / samano / Gotamo / vadeyya / mam / evam
tattha ce samano Gotamo mam evam vadeyya:
55
" Priest , this question, now, should not be explained thus,
brahmana / eso / panho / ca / na / vyakatabbo / evam
na c' eso brahmana panho evam vyakatabbo,
but thus, priest, this question should be explained,"
nama / evam / brahmana / eso / panho / vyakatabbo / (iti)
evam nam' eso brahmana panho vyakatabbo ti
this assembly would despise me for that:
ayam / parisa / paribhaveyya / mam / tena
tena mam ayam parisa paribhaveyya:
"The priest Sonadanda is a fool, unintelligent,
brahmano / Sonadando / balo / avyatto
balo brahmano Sonadando avyatto
he couldn't satisfy his mind with his explanation of the philosopher Gotama's
question. "
asakkhi / na / aradhetum / cittam / veyyakaranena / samanassa /
Gotamassa / panhassa / (ti)
nasakkhi samanassa Gotamassa panhassa veyyakaranena cittam
aradhetun ti.
[D.I.117-8 (not 1.118 as per book) - iv. (Sonadanda). 8\
56
Exercise 17
Passage for Reading
p. 120
bhutapubbam maha sakata-sattho sakata-sahassam puratthima janapada
pacchimam janapadam agamasi.
in the past 7 great / cart caravan / cart thousand / eastern / district /
western / district / went
Once a large caravan of a thousand carts was travelling from the east to
the west.
so yena yena gacchati khippam eva pariyadiyati tina-katth-odakam haritaka-
vannam.
it / wherever / it goes / quickly / just / it exhausts / grass-firewood-
water / green-colour
Wherever it went, it quickly exhausted the grass, firewood, water, and
green stuff.
tasmim kho pana satthe dve satthavaha ahesum;
in that / indeed / but / in caravan / two / caravan-leader / there were
Now in that caravan there were two caravan-leaders;
eko pancannam sakata-satanam, eko pancannam sakata-satanam.
one / five / cart-hundred / one / five / cart-hundred
each one consisting of five hundred carts.
atha kho tesatn sattha-vahanam etad ahosi:
then / indeed / of these / of the caravan-leaders / thus / it was
Then the following thought occurred to these caravan-leaders:
ay am kho maha sakata-sattho sakata-sahassam.
this / indeed / great / cart-caravan / cart-thousand
"This cart caravan is indeed large with a thousand carts.
te mayam yena yena gacchama khippam eva pariyadiyati tina-katth-odakam
haritaka-vannam.
those / we / wherever / we go / quickly / just / it exhausts / grass-
firewood-water / green-colour
Wherever we go, the caravan quickly exhausts the grass, firewood, water,
and green stuff.
yan nuna mayam imam sattham dvidha vibhajeyyama ekato pahca sakata-satani.
which / is it not / we / this 7 caravan / in two / we should divide / each
/ five / cart-hundred
Why don't we divide this caravan into two, each with five hundred carts?"
[D.II.342-3 - xxiii.(Pdydsi).23\
57
Exercise 17
Pali into English
p. 120
tena hi brahmana sunahi, bhasissami
now then / Brahmin / listen / I will speak
Now then. Brahmin, listen and I will speak. [D.I.124 - iv.(Sonadanda).23]
dlgham assasami
long / I breathe in
I am breathing in a long breath. [D.II.291 - xxii.(Mahdsatipatthdna).2\
ma ekena dve agamittha
do not / by one (way) / two / go
Do not both go the same way. [D.II.45 - xiv.(Mahdpaddna).3.22]
disva va mayam tam bhagavantam Gotamam gamissama
having seen / just / we / this / Blessed One / Gotama / we will go
Only after we have seen the Blessed One Gotama, we will leave. [D.I.151 -
vi.(Mahdli) .2]
deva sabhayam sannisinna honti
gods / in the assembly hall / seated together / they are
The gods are seated together in the assembly hall. [D.II.225 -
xix. (Mahagovinda) . 24 ]
santan' eva nu kho saddani nassosi, udahu asantani
existing / just / is it not / indeed / sounds / not he heard / or / not
existing
Are there any sounds he did not hear, or are there not? [D.I.152 - vi.(Mahdli).5\
aham pana agarasma anagariyam pabbajissami
I / but / from home / to homelessness / I will go forth
But I will go forth from home to homelessness. [D.III.64 - xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Sihandda).8 ]
katame pahca
what / five
What are the five? [D.II.85 - xvi.(Mahaparinibbam).1.23\
kamesu miccha na caritabba
in the passions / misconduct / not / should be practiced
Sexual misconduct should not be practiced. [D.III.62 - xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Sihandda).6 ]
yam sukho bhavatn tam sukha mayam, yam dukkho bhavam tam dukkha mayam
if / happy / your honour / then / happy / we / if / unhappy / your
honour / then / unhappy / we
If your honour is happy, then we are happy; if your honour is unhappy,
then we are unhappy. [D.II.233 - xix. (Mahagovinda). 33]
58
Exercise 17
English into Pali
p. 120
Priests declare (one) endowed with these five characteristics a priest.
brahmana / pannapenti / samannagatam / pancahi / angehi /
brahmanam
brahmana pancahi angehi samannagatam brahmanam pannapenti. [D.I.120
- iv.( Sonadanda). 13]
Of these five characteristics let us except class, for what will class effect?
imesam / pancannam / anganam / thapayama / vannam / hi / kim /
vanno / karissati
imesam pancannam anganam vannam thapayama, kim hi vanno
karissati? [D.I.120 - iv. (Sonadanda). 14]
" Don't you bother, let the priest Sonadanda discuss with me.”
titthatha / tumhe / brahmano / Sonadando / mantetu / saddhim / maya
/ iti
titthatha tumhe, Sonadando brahmano maya saddhim mantetuti. [D.I.122 -
iv.( Sonadanda). 18]
When it had been spoken thus the Brahmin Sonadanda said this to the fortunate
one: " Let the honourable Gotama not trouble, let the honourable Gotama be
silent, I by myself will make a reply to them according to the doctrine.”
vutte / evam / brahmano / Sonadando / avoca / etad / Bhagavantam /
bhavam / Gotamo / titthatu / bhavam / Gotamo / hotu / tunhl /
aham / eva / karissami / pativacanam / tesam / dhammena / iti
evam vutte Sonadando brahmano Bhagavantam etad avoca: titthatu
bhavam Gotamo, tunhi bhavam Gotamo hotu, aham eva tesam
dhammena pativacanam karissami ti.
Then the Brahmin Sonadanda said this to those Brahmins: Sirs! Do not speak
thus: 'His honour Sonadanda surely disparages class, disparages prayers,
certainly his honour Sonadanda is going over to the argument of the
philosopher Gotama himself' I do not, sir, disparage either class or prayers.”
attha kho / brahmano / Sonadando / avoca / etad / te / brahmane /
bhavanto / ma / avacuttha / evam / bhavam / Sonadando / eva /
apavadati / vannam / apavadati / mante / ekamsena / bhavam /
Sonadando / anupakkhandati / vadam / samanassa / Gotamassa /
eva / iti / aham / na / bho / apavadami / va / vannam / va / mante /
iti
attha kho Sonadando brahmano te brahmane etad avoca: ma bhavanto
evam avacuttha: apavadat 7 eva bhavam Sonadando vannam apavadati
mante ekamsena bhavam Sonadando samanass 7 eva Gotamassa vadam
anupakkhandati ti. N'aham bho apavadami vannam va mante va ti.
[D.I.122-123 - iv. (Sonadanda). 19]
59
At that very time a young Brahmin called Angaka, a nephew of the Brahmin
Sonadanda, was sitting in that assembly.
tena / kho / samayena / pana / manavo / nama / Arigako / bhagineyyo
/ brahmanassa / Sonadandassa / hoti / nisinno / tassam / parisayam
tena kho pana samayena Sonadandassa brahmanassa bhagineyyo
Angako nama manavo tassam parisayam nisinno hoti. [D.I.123 -
iv.( Sonadanda). 20]
Do you see (3 rd person), sirs, this young Brahmin Angaka, our nephew? Yes, sir.
passanti / (nu) / bhonto / imam / manavakam / Angakam / amhakam /
bhagineyyam / (iti) / evam / bho / (iti)
passanti nu bhonto imam Angakam manavakam amhakam bhagineyyan
ti. evam bho ti. [D.I.123- iv.( Sonadanda). 20]
Where (there is) virtue, there (there is) wisdom, where wisdom, virtue.
yattha / sllam / tattha / panna / yattha / panna / tattha / silam
yattha silam tattha panna yattha panna tattha silam. [D.I.124 -
iv. ( Sonadanda). 2 1 ]
It is reported that in the world the supreme is of -virtue-and- wisdom.
akkhayati / lokasmim / aggam / sila-pannanam / iti.
sila-pannanam lokasmim aggam akkhayatiti. [D.I.124 - iv.( Sonadanda). 21]
60
Exercise 18
Passages for Reading
Passage 1
p. 129
bhutapubbatn dve akkhadhutta akkhehi dibbitnsu.
in the past 7 two / gamblers / with dice 7 they played
Once in the past there were two gamblers who played with dice.
eko akkhadhutto agatagatam kalitn gilati.
one / gambler / each time it came / unlucky die / he swallows
One gambler, whenever he got an unlucky die, swallowed it.
addasa kho dutiyo akkhadhutto tarn akkhadhuttam agatagatam kalitn gilantam.
saw / indeed 7 second / gambler / this / gambler / each time it came /
unlucky die / swallowing
The other gambler saw this one swallowing the unlucky die each time it
happened.
disva akkhadhuttam etad avoca:
having seen / to the gambler / this / he said
On seeing that, he said this to that gambler:
tvatn kho samma ekantikena jinasi, dehi samma akkhe, pajohissami ti.
you / indeed / friend / conclusively / you win / give / friend / the dice /
I shall make a votive offering / (end-quote)
"Ah indeed, friend, you win conclusively, give me the dice and I shall
make a votive offering."
evatn samma ti kho so akkhadhutto tassa akkhadhuttassa akkhe padasi.
yes / friend / (end-quote) / this / gambler / to that / gambler / the dice
/ he handed over
"Yes, friend," he said and this gambler handed over the dice to the other.
atha kho so akkhadhutto akkhe visena paribhavetva tarn akkhadhuttam etad avoca:
then / indeed / this / gambler / the dice / with poison / having treated
with / to that / gambler / this / he said
Then that gambler treated the dice with poison and said to the other:
ehi kho, samma, akkhehi dibbissama ti.
come 7 indeed / friend / with the dice / let us play / (end-quote)
"Come, friend; let us play with the dice."
evatn samma ti kho so akkhadhutto tassa akkhadhuttassa paccassosi.
yes / friend / (end-quote) / indeed / this / gambler / to that / gambler /
he consented
"Yes, friend" this gambler consented to the other.
61
dutiyampi kho te akkhadhutta akkhehi dibbimsu.
for a second time / indeed / these / gamblers / with the dice / they
played
For a second time, these gamblers played with the dice.
dutiyampi kho so akkhadhutto agatagatam kalim gilati.
for a second time / indeed / this / gambler / each time it came / unlucky
die / he swallows
And again, this gambler, whenever he got an unlucky die, swallowed it.
addasa kho dutiyo akkhadhutto tarn akkhadhuttam dutiyampi agatagatam kalim
gilantam.
saw / indeed / for a second time / the gambler / this / gambler / each
time it came / unlucky die / swallowing
Again the other gambler saw this one swallowing the unlucky die each
time it happened.
disva tarn akkhadhuttam etad avoca:
having seen / to that / gambler / this / he said
On seeing this, he said to that gambler:
littam paramena tejasa, gilam akkhatn puriso na bujjhati;
smeared / by the highest / potency / swallowing / die / man / not / he
knows
"The man swallowing the die, smeared with the highest potency, is not
aware of it.
gila re gila papa-dhuttaka, paccha te katukam bhavissatT ti.
swallow / damn you / swallow / wicked-scoundrel / afterwards / to you
/ bitterness / there will be / (end-quote)
Swallow, damn you, swallow, you wicked scoundrel; for there will be
bitterness for you afterwards." [D.II.348-9- xxiii.(Payasi).27]
Passage 2
p. 130
bhutapubbam raja Dalhanemi nama ahosi cakka-vattT dhammiko dhamma-raja . . .
in the past / king / Dalhanemi / named / was / wheel-turning / just /
righteous-king
Once upon a time there was a wheel-turning, just, and righteous-ruling
king named Dalhanemi . . .
atha kho raja Dalhanemi vassa-sahassanam accayena ahhataram purisam
amantesi.
then / indeed / king / Dalhanemi / of rains-thousands / after / a certain
/ man / addressed
Then, after thousands of years. King Dalhanemi addressed a certain man
as follows.
62
yada tvam, ambho purisa, passeyyasi dibbatn cakka-ratanam osakkitam thana
cutam, atha me aroceyyasT ti.
when / you / sir / man / you would see / divine / wheel-treasure /
withdrawn / from place / fallen / then / to me / you should inform /
(end-quote)
"My good man, when you see the divine wheel-treasure withdrawn and
fallen down from its place, then you should inform me."
evatn deva ti kho so puriso ranno dalhanemissa paccassosi.
yes / lord / (end-quote) / indeed / this / man / to king / Dalhanemi /
assented
"Yes, Lord" this man assented to King Dalhanemi.
addasa kho so puriso vassa-sahassanatn accayena dibbatn cakka-ratanam
osakkitam thana cutam.
saw / indeed / this / man / of rains-thousands / after / divine / wheel-
treasure / withdrawn / from place / fallen
After thousands of years this man saw the divine wheel-treasure
withdrawn and fallen down from place.
disva yena raja Dalhanemi ten' upasamkami, upasamkamitva rdjdnam
Dalhanemim etad avoca:
having seen / king / Dalhanemi / to him / he approached / having
approached / to king / Dalhanemi / this / he said.
On seeing this, he approached King Dalhanemi, and drawing near he said
this to him.
yagghe, deva, ianeyyasi, dibbam te cakkaratanam osakkitam thana cutan ti.
hear / lord / you should know / divine / of you / wheel-treasure /
withdrawn / from place / fallen / (end-quote)
"Listen, Lord, you should know that your divine wheel-treasure has
withdrawn and fallen from place."
atha kho raja Dalhanemi jettha-puttam kumaram dmantapetva etad avoca:
Then / indeed 7 king Dalhanemi / eldest-son / prince / having called /
this / he said
Then King Dalhanemi summoned the prince, his eldest son, and said:
dibbam kira me, tata kumara, cakkaratanam osakkitam thana cutam.
divine / it is said / to me / dear son / prince / wheel-treasure /
withdrawn / from place / fallen
"Apparently, my dear son, the divine wheel-treasure has withdrawn and
fallen from place.
sutam kho pana m' etam yassa ranno cakkavattissa dibbatn cakkaratanam osakkati
thana cavati,
heard / indeed / moreover / by me / this / of which / of king / of
wheel-turning / divine / wheel-treasure / withdraws / from place / it
falls
Moreover I have heard that when the divine wheel-treasure of a wheel-
turning monarch withdraws and falls from place.
63
na dani tena rahha dram jivitabbam hoti ti.
not / then / to which / king / for along time / to live / it is / (end-quote)
then that king does not have long to live.
bhutta kho pana me manusaka kama, samayo dani me dibbe kame pariyesitum.
consumed / indeed / but / by me / human / pleasures / time / then /
for me / divine / pleasures / to seek
But I have consumed the pleasures of a human, now is the time for me to
seek heavenly pleasures.
ehi tvam tata kumara imam pathavim patipajja.
come / you / dear / son ) this / earth / engage in
Come, my dear son, rule this earth.
aham pana kesa-massum oharetva kasayani vatthani acchadetva agarasma
anagariyam pabbajissami ti.
I / but / hair-beard / having removed / yellow / robes / having put on /
from home / to homelessness / I will go forth / (end-quote)
But I will shave off my hair and beard, put on the yellow robes, and go
forth from home to homelessness."
atha kho raja Dalhanemi jetthaputtam kumaram sadhukam rape samanusasitva
then / indeed / king / Dalhanemi / eldest-son / prince / thoroughly / of
the kingdom / having well instructed
Then King Dalhanemi instructed his eldest son, the prince, thoroughly in
the ways of the kingdom,
kesa-massum oharetva kasayani vatthani acchadetva agarasma anagariyam
pabbaji.
hair-beard / having removed / yellow / robes / having put on / from
home / to homelessness / he went forth
shaved off his hair and beard, put on the yellow robes, and went forth
from home to homelessness.
sattaha-pabbajite kho pana raj-isimhi dibbam cakkaratanam antaradhayi.
on the seven-days-going forth / indeed / moreover / king-sage / divine
/ wheel-treasure / disappeared
Moreover, when the royal sage had been gone forth seven days, the
divine wheel-treasure disappeared.
atha kho ahhataro puriso yena raja khattiyo ten' upasamkami, upasamkamitva
rajanam khattiyam etad avoca:
then / indeed / a certain / man / to which / king / warrior / to him / he
approached / having approached / to the king / warrior / this / he
said
Then a certain man approached the warrior king, and drawing near he
said to him:
64
yagghe, deva, janeyyasi, dibbam cakkaratanam antarahitan ti.
Listen / lord / you should know / divine / wheel-treasure / disappeared
/ (end-quote)
"Listen, Lord, you should know that the divine wheel-treasure has
disappeared."
atha kho raja khattiyo dibbe cakkaratane antarahite anattamano ahosi.
then / indeed / king / warrior / by the divine / wheel-treasure /
disappearance / not pleased / was
Then the warrior king was indeed troubled by the disappearance of the
divine wheel- treasure.
so yena rajisi ten' upasamkami, upasamkamitva rajisim etad avoca:
he / to which / royal sage / there / he approached / having approached
/ to the royal sage / this / he said
He approached the royal sage, and drawing near he said to him:
yagghe, deva, janeyyasi, dibbam cakkaratanam antarahitan ti.
Listen / lord / you should know / divine / wheel-treasure / disappeared
/ (end-quote)
"Listen, Lord, you should know that the divine wheel-treasure has
disappeared."
evam vutte rajisi rajanam khattiyam etad avoca:
thus / said / royal sage / to the king / warrior / this / he said
When this was said, the royal sage said to the warrior king:
ma kho tvam tata dibbe cakkaratane antarahite anattamano ahosi.
not / indeed / your / my dear son / by the divine / wheel-treasure /
disappearance / not pleased / you be
"Do not, my dear son, be saddened by the disappearance of the divine
wheel- treasure .
na hi te tata dibbam cakkaratanam pettikam dayajjam.
not / for / of you / my dear son / divine / wheel-treasure / paternal /
inheritance
For the divine wheel-treasure is not your paternal inheritance.
ingha tvam tata ariye cakkavatti-vatte vattahi.
here / you / my dear son / by the noble / in wheel-turning-conduct /
conduct yourself
Now, my clear son, you should conduct yourself as a wheel-turning
monarch.
thanam kho pan' etam vijjati yan te dibbam cakkaratanam patubhavissati ti.
case / indeed / moreover / this / is found / which for you / divine /
wheel-treasure / will appear / (end-quote)
Moreover it may be the case that a divine wheel-treasure will appear for
you."
65
katamam pan' etam deva ariyatn cakkavatti-vattan ti.
which / then / this / lord / noble / wheel-turning-conduct / (end-quote)
"What, lord, is the noble conduct of a wheel-turning monarch?"
tena hi tvam tata dhammam yeva nissaya dhammam manento dhammam pujento
by this / indeed / you / dear one / righteousness / just / depending on /
Dhamma / honouring / Dhamma / revering
"Just this, my dear one, depending on righteousness alone, honouring
and revering it,
dhammikam rakkha-avarana-guttim samvidahassu khattiyesu anuyuttesu
brahmana-gahapatikesu negama-janapadesu samanabrahmanesu miga-
pakkhTsu.
righteous / safety-shelter-protection / provide / for warriors / for
vassals / for Brahmin householders / for town and country dwellers /
for ascetics and Brahmins / for animals and birds
you should provide righteous safety, shelter, and protection for your
warriors, vassals. Brahmin householders, town and country dwellers,
ascetics and Brahmins, animals and birds.
md ca te tata vijite adhamma-karo pavattittha.
do not / and / your / dear one / in the kingdom / not righteous-doer /
cause to happen
And, my dear one, do not let the criminal prevail in your kingdom,
ye ca te tata vijite adhana assu, tesah ca dhanam anuppadeyyasi.
to which / and / your / dear one / in the kingdom / poor / there may
be, to these / and / wealth / grant
and, my dear one, grant wealth to those who are poor in your kingdom,
ye ca te tata vijite samanabrahmana mada-ppamada pativirata,
to which / and / your / dear one / in the kingdom / ascetics and
Brahmins / pride and laziness / abstained
and, my dear one, to those ascetics and Brahmins in your kingdom who
have abstained from pride and laziness,
te kalena kalatn upasamkamitva paripuccheyyasi:
to you / from time / to time / having approached / you should ask
advice
you should approach them from time to time and seek advice:
kim bhante kusalam kirn akusalam,
what / reverend sir / wholesome / what / unwholesome
'Reverend sir, what is wholesome and what is unwholesome,
kim me kayiramanam digharattam ahitaya dukkhaya assa,
what / to me / doing / for a long time / to non-welfare / to suffering / it
may be
and what action will lead to my harm and suffering for a long time.
66
kim vapana me kayiramanam digharattam hitaya sukhaya assa ti.
what / or/ moreover / to me / doing / for a long time / to welfare / to
happiness / it may be / (end-quote)
and moreover what action will lead to my welfare and happiness for a
long time?'
tesam sutva yam akusalam tarn abhinivajjeyydsi,
to them / having listened / which / unwholesome / that / you should
avoid
Having listened to them, you should avoid that which is unwholesome,
yam kusalam tarn samadaya vatteyyasi.
which / wholesome / that / for conforming / you should conduct
and you should conduct yourself according to the wholesome.
idam kho tata tarn ariyam cakkavatti-vattan ti.
this / indeed / dear one / that / noble / wheel-turning monarch conduct
/ (end-quote)
Indeed this, my dear one, is how a wheel-turning monarch should
behave."
evam deva ti kho raja khattiyo rajisissa patissutva ariye cakkavatti-vatte vatti.
yes / lord / (end-quote) / indeed / king / warrior / to the royal sage /
having assented / in noble / in the wheel-turning monarch conduct /
he behaved
"Yes, lord," the warrior king assented to the royal sage, and he conducted
himself in the noble duty of a wheel- turning monarch.
tassa ariye cakkavatti-vatte vattamanassa dibbam cakkaratanam paturahosi.
to him / with noble / wheel-turning monarch conduct / behaving /
divine / wheel-treasure / appeared
And so the divine wheel-treasure appeared to him as he behaved as a
noble wheel-turning monarch.
disva rahho khattiyassa etad ahosi:
having seen / to the king / to the warrior / thus / it was:
On seeing this, the warrior king thought:
sutam kho pana m' etam:
heard / indeed / now / by me / this
Now I have heard it said that
yassa rahho khattiyassa dibbam cakkaratanam patubhavati, so hoti cakkavatti ti.
to which / king / warrior / divine / wheel-treasure / it appears / he / is
/ wheel-turning monarch / (end-quote)
a warrior king to whom a divine wheel-treasure appears will become a
wheel-turning monarch.
assam nu kho aham raja cakkavatti ti.
may I be / is it not / indeed / I / king / wheel-turning monarch / (end-
quote)
May I be such a wheel- turning monarch."
67
atha kho tarn cakkaratanam puratthimam disatn pavatti,
then / indeed / this / wheel-treasure / east / direction / it turned
Then indeed this wheel-treasure turned towards the east,
anvad eva raja cakkavatti saddhim caturanginiya senaya.
after / thus / king / wheel-turning monarch / with / fourfold / army
and the wheel-turning monarch followed with his fourfold army.
yasmitn kho pana padese cakkaratanam patitthasi,
in which / indeed / but / in the region / wheel-treasure / it stopped
Further, in whatever region the wheel-treasure stopped,
tattha raja cakkavatti vasam upagacchi saddhim caturanginiya senaya.
there / king / wheel-turning monarch / camp / came to / with / fourfold
/ army
there the wheel-turning monarch camped with his fourfold army.
ye kho pana puratthimaya disaya patirajano,
those / indeed / moreover / in the east / direction / enemy kings
Moreover those enemy kings in the east
te rajanam cakkavattim upasamkamitva evam ahamsu:
these / king / wheel-turning monarch / having approached / thus / they
said
approached the wheel-turning monarch and said:
ehi kho maharaja, svagatam te maharaja,
come / indeed / great king / welcome / to you / great king
"Come, great king, you are welcome, great king,
sakatn te maharaja, anusasa maharaja ti.
own / to you / great king / rule / great king / (end-quote)
it's all yours, great king, rule us great king."
raja cakkavatti evam aha:
king / wheel-turning monarch / thus / said
The wheel- turning monarch then said:
pano na hantabbo. adinnam n' adatabbam.
living being / not / to be killed / not given / not / to be taken
"Do not kill living beings. Do not take what is not given.
kamesu miccha na caritabba. musa na bhasitabba.
of the senses / wrong / not / to behave / false / not / to be spoken
Do not misbehave sexually. Do not speak falsely.
majjatn na patabbam. yathabhuttan ca bhunjatha ti.
Intoxicant / not / to be drunk / whatever ought to be eaten / and / eat /
(end-quote)
Do not drink intoxicants. And eat in moderation."
68
ye kho pana puratthimaya disaya patirajano,
those / indeed / but / in the east / direction / enemy kings
Then those enemy kings in the east
te ranno cakkavattissa anuyanta ahesum. . . .
to this / king / wheel-turning monarch / submitting / they were
submitted to this wheel-turning monarch. . . .
. . . dakkhinam disatn pavatti. pe.
south / direction / it turned / etc.
. . . turned towards the south, etc.
pacchimam. pe.
west / etc.
. . . west, etc.
uttaram. pe.
north / etc.
. . . north, etc.
ye kho pana uttaraya disaya patirajano,
those / but / then / in the north / direction / enemy kings
Then those enemy kings in the north
te ranno cakkavattissa anuyanta ahesum.
to this / king / wheel-turning monarch / submitting / they were
submitted to this wheel-turning monarch.
[D.III.59-63 (not III.59-62 as per book) - xxvi.(Cakkavatti-Slhanada).2-7\
69
Exercise 18
Pali into English
p. 132
brahmano va settho vanno
Brahmin / indeed / best / class
Indeed the Brahmin is the highest class. [D.III.81 - xxvii.(Agganna).3]
purisena purisam karitva khattiya va settha hind brahmana
with a man / man / having compared / Khattiyas / indeed / better /
lesser / Brahmins
Comparing one man with another, the khattiyas are superior and the
Brahmins inferior. [D.I.98 - iii.(Ambattha).1.26\
na c'etarahi vijjati anno samano va brahmano va bhagavata bhiyyo 'bhinnataro
not / and / now / is found / another / ascetic / or / Brahmin / or / from
the Blessed One / better / more learned
And now there does not exist another ascetic or Brahmin more learned
than the Blessed One. [D.III.99 - xxviii.(Sampasadamya).l]
tinhena satthena sisatn chindati
by a sharp / sword / head / he cuts
He cuts off the head with a sharp sword. [D.I.56- ii.(Samannaphala).26]
na odana-kummasam bhunjeyyam
not / boiled rice / junket / I would eat
I would not eat boiled rice junket. [D.III.9 - xxiv.(Patika).l.ll ]
aggo 'ham asmi lokassa, jettho 'ham asmi lokassa, settho 'ham asmi lokassa
top / I / am / of the world / most senior / I / am / of the world / best /
I / am / of the world /
I am the topmost, the most senior, and the best in the world. [D.II.15 -
xiv.(Mahapadana).1.29 ]
na mayam ito bhiyyo pajanama
not / we / from this / more / we know
We do not know any more than this. [D.III.52 - xxv.(Udumbarika-Slhanada).19\
idam hinam, idam pamtarn
this / inferior / this / superior
This is inferior, this is superior. [D.II.223 - xix.(Mahagovinda).7 ]
70
sanna nu kho bhante pathamam uppajjati paccha nanam, udahu pathamam nanam
uppajjati pacha sah'na, udahu sahha ca nanam ca apubbam acarimam uppajjanti
perception / is it / indeed / reverend sir / first / arises / afterwards /
knowledge / or / first / knowledge / arises / afterwards / perception /
or / perception / and / knowledge / and / not before / not later / they
Re®HBend sir, does perception arise first and then knowledge, or does
knowledge arise first and then perception, or do perception and
knowledge arise simultaneously? [D.I.185 - ix.(Potthapada).20]
71
Exercise 18
English into Pali
p. 132
Once the fortunate one was living among the Koliyas.
ekam samayam / bhagava / viharati / Koliyesu
ekam samayam bhagava Koliyesu viharati.
Then Punna, a Koliyan, a bovine, and a naked ascetic Seniya, a canine,
atha kho / Punno / Koliyaputto / govatiko / ca / acelo / Seniyo /
kukkuravatiko
atha kho Punno ca Koliyaputto govatiko acelo Seniyo kukkuravatiko
approached this way towards the fortunate one.
upasamkamimsu / yena / tena / bhagavanta
yena bhagava ten' upasamkamimsu.
Having approached, Punna the Koliyan who was a bovine, having saluted the
fortunate one, sat down to one side.
upasamkamitva / Punno / Koliyaputto / govatiko / abhivadetva /
bhagavantam / nisidi / ekam / antam
upasamkamitva Punno Koliyaputto govatiko bhagavantam abhivadetva
ekamantam nisidi.
The naked ascetic Seniya, however, the canine, exchanged greetings with the
fortunate one;
acelo / Seniyo / pana / kukkuravatiko / sammodi / saddhim /
bhagavata
acelo pana Seniyo kukkuravatiko bhagavata saddhim sammodi;
having made agreeable polite conversation, squatting like a dog, he sat down to
one side.
vitisaretva / sammodaniyam / saraniyam / katham / palikujjitva / iva /
kukkuro / nisidi / ekam / antam
sammodaniyam katham saraniyam vitisaretva kukkuro 'va palikujjitva
ekamantam nisidi.
Punna the Koliyan bovine, seated to one side, said this to the fortunate one:
Punno / Koliyaputto / govatiko / nisinno / ekam / antam / avoca / etad
/ bhagavantam
ekamantam nisinno kho Punno Koliyaputto govatiko bhagavantam etad
avoca:
Sir, this naked ascetic Seniya is a canine, a doer-of-hard-tasks;
bhante / ayam / acelo / Seniyo / kukkuravatiko / dukkara-karako
ay am bhante acelo Seniyo kukkuravatiko dukkarakarako.
72
He eats what is thrown on the ground.
bhunjati / chama-nikkhittam
chamanikkhittam bhunjati.
He has long conformed to that dog-vow.
tassa / samattam / dlgharattam / samadinnam / tam / kukkuravatam
tassa tam kukkuravatam dlgharattam samattam samadinnam.
What will be his future state?"
ka / gati / tassa / ko / abhisamparayo / (iti)
tassa ka gati ko abhisamparayo ti.
"Enough, Punna, don't bother with this. Don't ask me this."
alam / Punna / titthate / tam / ma / pucchi / mam / etam / (iti)
alam Punna, titthate tam. ma mam etam pucchiti.
For a second time . . . etc. . . .
dutiyampi / ... / pe / ...
dutiyampi ... pe ...
For a third time . . . etc. . . .
tatiyampi / ... / pe / ...
tatiyampi ... pe ...
"... Nevertheless I will explain to you.
api ca / (kho) / aham / byakarissami / te
api ca kho tyaham byakarissami.
In this connection, Punna, someone develops the dog-vow perfectly . . .
idha / Punna / ekacco / bhaveti / kukkuravatam / paripunnam / ...
idha Punna, ekacco kukkuravatam bhaveti paripunnam . . .
Having developed the dog-vow perfectly, having developed the virtue-of-a-dog
perfectly,
bhavetva / kukkura-vatam / paripunnam / bhavetva / kukkura-sllam /
paripunnam
kukkuravatam bhavetva paripunnam, kukkurasllam bhavetva
paripunnam,
having developed the mind-of-a-dog perfectly, having developed the style-of-a-dog
perfectly,
bhavetva / kukkura-cittam / paripunnam / bhavetva / kukkura-kappam
/ paripunnam
kukkuracittam bhavetva paripunnam, kukkurakappam bhavetva
paripunnam,
after death he is reborn in the condition of dogs.
param-marana / so / upapajjati / sahavyatam / kukkuranam
so parammarana kukkuranam sahavyatam upapajjati.
73
But if he has the opinion:
pana / sace / (kho) / evam / hoti / ditthi / assa
sace kho panassa evam ditthi hoti:
'By this virtue or vow I shall be a god,'
imina / silena / va / vatena / va / aham / bhavissami / devo / (iti)
iminaham silena va vatena va devo bhavissamiti
that is his wrong-opinion. "
sa / hoti / assa / miccha-ditthi / (iti)
sassa hoti micchaditthiti. [M.I.387-8- Ivii. (Knkkuravatika).l-3]
74
Exercise 19
Passages for Reading
Passage 1
p. 145
te tarn sattham dvidha vibhajimsu ekato panca sakata-satani ekato panca sakata-
satani.
they / this / caravan / in two / divided / one / five / hundred carts /
one / five / hundred carts
They divided the caravan into two parts, each with five hundred carts.
eko tava satthavaho bahum tinah ca katthan ca udakah ca aropetva sattham
payapesi.
one / now / caravan leader / much / grass / and / firewood / and /
water and / having collected / caravan / set out
Then one of the caravan leaders collected much grass, firewood and water
and set out.
dviha-tiha-payato kho pana so sattho addasa purisam kdlam lohit-akkham
apanaddha-kalapam kumuda-malim alla-vattham alla-kesam kaddama-
makkhitehi cakkehi gadrabhara-rathena patipatham agacchantam.
two days-three days-set out / indeed / then / this / caravan / saw / man
/ black / red-eyed / tied-quiver / white-waterlily-garland / wet-
clothes / wet-hair / mud-smeared / with wheels / by donkey-cart / in
the opposite direction / coming
After two or three days journey, he saw coming in the opposite direction
a red-eyed, black man, with a quiver attached, a garland of white
water-lilies, wet clothes and hair, and a donkey cart with mud-spattered
wheels.
disva etad avoca: kuto bho agacchasi ti. amukamha janapada ti.
having seen / thus / said / from where / friend / you have come / (end-
quote) / from such and such / place / (end-quote)
On seeing him, he said: "Where have you come from, friend?" "From
such and such a place."
kuhitn gamissasi ti. amukatn nama ianapadan ti.
to where / you go / (end-quote) / to such and such / indeed / place /
(end-quote)
"And where are you going?" "To such and such a place."
kacci bho purato kantare maha-megho abhippavatto ti.
did / friend / ahead / in the wilderness / great-cloud / heavy rain / (end-
quote)
"Friend, was there much rain in the wilderness ahead?"
75
evam kho bho purato kantare maha-megho abhippavatto,
yes / indeed / friend / ahead / in the wilderness / great-cloud / heavy
rain
"Yes indeed, friend, there is much rain in the wilderness ahead,
asitt-odakani vatumani, bahum tinah ca katthan ca udakan ca,
poured-water / roads / much / grass / and / firewood / and / water /
and
the roads are covered in water and there is plenty of grass, firewood and
water.
chaddetha bho puranani tinani katthani udakani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
Throw away your old grass, firewood and water,
lahu-bharehi sakatehi sigham sighatn gacchatha,
light-load / with carts / very fast / you go
and go very fast with your carts lightly loaded.
md yoggani kilametha ti.
do not / oxen / tire / (end-quote)
Do not tire your oxen."
atha kho so satthavaho satthike amantesi:
then / indeed / this / caravan leader / caravan merchants / addressed
Then the caravan leader addressed the caravan merchants:
ayatn bho puriso evam aha:
this / friend / man / thus / said
"This man has told me:
purato kantare maha-megho abhippavatto,
ahead / in the wilderness / great-cloud / heavy rain
'There is much rain in the wilderness ahead,
asit-todakani vatumani, bahum tinah ca katthan ca udakan ca,
poured-water / roads / much / grass / and / firewood / and / water /
and
the roads are covered in water and there is plenty of grass, firewood and
water.
chaddetha bho puranani tinani katthani udakani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
Throw away your old grass, firewood and water,
lahu-bharehi sakatehi sigham sigham gacchatha,
light-load / with carts / very fast / you go
and go very fast with your carts lightly loaded.
76
ma yoggani kilametha ti.
do not / oxen / tire / (end-quote)
Do not tire your oxen/
chaddetha bho puranani tinani katthani udakani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
So throw away your old grass, firewood and water,
lahu-bharehi sakatehi sattham payapetha ti.
light-load / with carts / caravan / make proceed
and have your caravan proceed with the carts lightly loaded."
evam bho ti kho te satthika tassa satthavahassa patissutva,
yes / friend / (end-quote) / these / caravan / merchants / to this / to the
caravan leader / having replied
"Yes, friend," these caravan merchants replied to the leader,
chaddetva puranani tinani katthani udakani lahu-bharehi sakatehi sattham
payapesum.
having thrown away / old / grass / firewood / water / light-load / with
carts / caravan / (they) set out
and they threw away their old grass, firewood and water, and they
proceeded with carts lightly loaded.
te pathame pi sattha-vase na addasamsu tinam va kattham va udakam vd,
they / at the first / caravan-site / not / they saw / grass / or / firewood
/ or / water / or
At the first caravan site they did not see any grass, firewood, or water,
dutiye pi sattha-vase . . ., tatiye pi sattha-vase catutthe pi sattha-vase
pahcame pi sattha-vase . . ., chatthe pi sattha-vase
at the second / too / caravan-site / at the third / too / caravan-site / at
the fourth / too / caravan-site / at the fifth / too / caravan-site / at the
sixth / too / caravan-site
nor at the second, nor at the third, nor at the fourth, nor at the fifth, nor at
the sixth,
sattame pi sattha-vase na addasamsu tinam vd kattham vd udakam vd,
at the seventh / too / caravan-site / not / they saw / grass / or /
firewood / or / water / or
nor at the seventh caravan site did they see any grass, firewood, or water.
sabbe va anaya-vyasanam dpajjimsu.
all / just / misfortune-disaster / they arrived
So they all just came to misfortune and disaster.
77
ye ca tasmim satthe ahesutn manussa va pasu va sabbe so yakkho amanusso
bhakkhesi, atthikan' eva sesesi.
whatever / and / in this / caravan / there were / men / or / beasts / or
/ all / this / demon / not human / ate / bones / just / remained
And whatever there were in this caravan, men or animals, they were all
eaten by a non-human spirit, and only their bones remained.
yada annasi dutiyo satthavaho: bahu-nikkhanto kho dani so sattho ti,
when / he khew / second / caravan leader / much-gone forth / indeed /
then / this / caravan / (end-quote)
When the second caravan leader knew that the other caravan had gone
far enough ahead,
bahum tinah ca katthan ca udakan ca aropetva sattham payapesi.
much / grass / and / firewood / and / water and / having collected /
caravan / set out
he collected much grass, firewood and water and set out.
dviha-tiha-payato kho pana so sattho addasa purisam kalam lohit-akkham
apanaddha-kalapam kumuda-malim alla-vattham alla-kesam kaddama-
makkhitehi cakkehi gadrabhara-rathena patipatham agacchantam.
two days-three days-set out / indeed / then / this / caravan / saw / man
/ black / red-eyed / tied-quiver / white waterlily-garland / wet-
clothes / wet-hair / mud-smeared / with wheels / by donkey-cart / in
the opposite direction / coming
After two or three days journey, he saw coming in the opposite direction
a red-eyed, black man, with a quiver attached, a garland of white
waterlilies, wet clothes and hair, and a donkey cart with mud-spattered
wheels.
disva etad avoca: kuto bho agacchasi ti. amukamha janapada ti.
having seen / thus / said / from where / friend / you have come / (end-
quote) / from such and such / place / (end-quote)
On seeing him, he said: "Where have you come from, friend?" "From
such and such a place."
kuhitn gamissasl ti. amukam nama ianapadan ti.
to where / you go / (end-quote) / to such and such / indeed / place /
(end-quote)
"And where are you going?" "To such and such a place."
kacci bho purato kantare maha-megho abhippavatto ti.
did / friend / ahead / in the wilderness / great-cloud / heavy rain / (end-
quote)
"Friend, was there much rain in the wilderness ahead?"
evam kho bho purato kantare maha-megho abhippavatto,
yes / indeed / friend / ahead / in the wilderness / great cloud / heavy
rain
"Yes indeed, friend, there is much rain in the wilderness ahead.
78
asitt-odakani vatumani, bahum tinah ca katthan ca udakan ca,
poured-water / roads / much / grass / and / firewood / and / water /
and
the roads are covered in water and there is plenty of grass, firewood and
water.
chaddetha bho puranani tinani katthani udakani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
Throw away your old grass, firewood and water,
lahu-bharehi sakatehi sigham sigham gacchatha,
light-load / with carts / very fast / you go
and go very fast with your carts lightly loaded.
ma yoggani kilametha ti.
do not / oxen / tire / (end-quote)
Do not tire your oxen."
atha kho so satthavaho satthike amantesi:
then / indeed / this / caravan leader / caravan merchants / addressed
Then the caravan leader addressed the caravan merchants:
ayam bho puriso evam aha:
this / friend / man / thus / said
"This man has told me:
purato kantare maha-megho abhippavatto,
ahead / in the wilderness / great-cloud / heavy rain
'There is much rain in the wilderness ahead,
asit-todakani vatumani, bahum tinah ca katthan ca udakan ca,
poured-water / roads / much / grass / and / firewood / and / water /
and
the roads are covered in water and there is plenty of grass, firewood and
water.
chaddetha bho puranani tinani katthani udakani,
throw away / friend / old / grass / firewood / water
Throw away your old grass, firewood and water,
lahu-bharehi sakatehi sigham sigham gacchatha,
light-load / with carts / very fast / you go
and go very fast with your carts lightly loaded.
ma yoggani kilametha ti.
do not / oxen / tire / (end-quote)
Do not tire your oxen.'
79
ayatn kho bho puriso n' ev' amhakam mitto na pi nati-salohito, katham mayatn
imassa saddhaya gamissama.
This / indeed / fellow / man / not / even / our / friend / not / also /
kinsman-relative / why / we/ on this / faith / we will go
Indeed this man is not even our friend or blood relation, why should we
go on his word?
na kho chaddhetabbani puranani tinani katthani udakani, yathakatena bhandena
sattham payapetha,
not / indeed / to be thrown away / old / grass / firewood / water / with
the usual / load / caravan / set out
Do not throw away your old grass, firewood and water, and set out your
caravan with the usual load,
na no puranam chaddessama ti.
not / our / old / we will throw out / (end-quote)
we will not discard our old load."
evam bho ti kho te satthika tassa satthavdhassa patissutva yathakatena bhandena
sattham payapesum.
yes / friend / (end-quote) / these / caravan merchants / to this / caravan
leader / having replied / with the usual / load / caravam / they set out
"Yes, friend," the caravan merchants replied to the caravan leader, and
they set out with their caravans loaded as before.
te pathamehi sattha-vase na addasamsu tinam vd kattham vd udakatn vd,
they / at the first / caravan-site / not / they saw / grass / or / firewood
/ or / water / or
At the first caravan site they did not see any grass, firewood, or water,
dutiye pi sattha-vase . . ., tatiye pi sattha-vase catutthe pi sattha-vase
pahcame pi sattha-vase . . ., chatthe pi sattha-vase
at the second / too / caravan-site / at the third / too / caravan-site / at
the fourth / too / caravan-site / at the fifth / too / caravan-site / at the
sixth / too / caravan-site
nor at the second, nor at the third, nor at the fourth, nor at the fifth, nor at
the sixth,
sattame pi sattha-vase na addasamsu tinam vd kattham vd udakam vd,
at the seventh / too / caravan-site / not / they saw / grass / or /
firewood / or / water / or
nor at the seventh caravan site did they see any grass, firewood, or water.
tan ca sattham addasamsu anaya-vyasanam apannam.
that / and / caravan / they saw / misfortune-disaster / fallen upon
They saw the caravan that had fallen upon misfortune and disaster.
80
ye va tasmim satthe ahesum manussa va pasu va, tesah ca atthikan' eva
addasamsu tena yakkhena amanussena bhakkhitanam.
whatever / thus / in this / caravan / there were / men / or / beasts / or
/ of these / and / bones / thus / they saw / by this / demon / not
human / of the eaten
And thus they saw the bones of whatever there were in this caravan, men
or animals, who had been eaten by a non-human spirit.
atha kho so satthavaho satthike amantesi:
then / indeed / this / caravan leader / caravan merchants / addressed
Then the caravan leader addressed the caravan merchants
ayam kho bho sattho anaya-vyasanam apanno yatha tarn tena balena
satthavahena parinayakena.
this / indeed / fellow / caravan / misfortune-disaster / fallen upon / just
as / this / by that / foolish / caravan leader / guide
"This caravan has fallen upon misfortune and disaster due to its foolish
leader.
tena hi bho yan' asmdkam satthe appa-sdrani pamyani, tani chaddetva, yani
imasmim satthe maha-sdrani vaniyani tani adiyatha ti.
so / friend / which / in our / caravan / little-value / commodities /
those / having thrown away / which / in this / caravan / great- value
/ commodities / those / take / (end-quote)
So, friends, throw away those commodities of little value in our caravan,
and take what is of great value in that caravan."
evatn bho ti kho te satthika tassa satthavahassa patissutva
yes / friend / (end-quote) / indeed / these / caravan merchants / to this
/ caravan leader / having replied
"Yes, friend," the caravan merchants replied to the caravan leader,
yani sakasmim satthe appa-sarani paniyani tani chaddetva yani tasmim satthe
maha-sarani paniyani tani adiyitva,
which / in their own / caravan / little-value / commodities / those /
having thrown away / which / in this / caravan / great- value /
commodities / those / having taken
and they threw away those commodities of little value in their
owncaravan, and took what was of great value in that caravan,
sotthina tarn kantaram nittharimsu yatha tarn panditena satthavahena
parinayakena.
with safety / that / wilderness / they crossed through / just as / that /
by the wise / caravan leader / guide
and so they crossed through the wilderness safely with the wise caravan
leader guiding them. [D.II.343-6 - xxiii.(Pdydsi).23]
81
Passage 2
V- 247
evam me sutam.
thus / by me / heard
Thus have I heard.
ekatn samayam bhagava Magadhesu carikam caramano mahata bhikkhu-
samghena saddhim yena Khanumatam nama Magadhanam brahmana-gamo
tad avasari.
one / time / the Blessed One / among the Magadhans / journey /
travelling / great / monk-group / with / towards / Khanumata /
named / of the Magadhans / Brahmin- village / there / he arrived
At one time, the Blessed was travelling among the Magadhans with a
large group of monks and arrived in a Brahmin village of the
Magadhans, named Khanumata.
tatra sudatn bhagava Khanumate viharati Ambalatthikdyam.
there / even / Blessed One / in Knanumata / was staying / at
Ambalatthikaya
And there the Blessed One stayed at Ambalatthika.
tena kho pana samayena Kutadanto brahmano Khanumatam ajjhdvasati satt-
ussadam sa-tina-katth-odakam sa-dhahham raja-bhoggam rahha Magadhena
Seniyena Bimbisarena dinnam raja-dayam brahmadeyyam.
at that / indeed/ then / time / Kutadanta / Brahmin / in Khanumata /
inhabited / beings-abundance / with-grass-timber-water / with-grain
/ royal-property / by the king / Magadhan / Seniya / Bimbisara /
given / royal-gift / grant
Then at that time the Brahmin Kutadanta inhabited Khanumata, a
populous place with grass, timber, water and grain, crown-property
that had been given as a royal gift and grant by the Magadhan king
Seniya Bimbisara.
tena kho pana samayena Kutadanto brahmano upari pasade divaseyyam upagato
hoti.
at that / indeed/ then / time / Kutadanta / Brahmin / upon / palace /
day bed / gone up / is
Now the Brahmin Kutadanta had gone up to his day bed on his palace
balcony.
addasa kho Kutadanto brahmano Khanumatake brahmana-gahapatike
Khanumata nikkhamitva samghasamghi-ganibhute yena Ambalatthika ten'
upasamkamante.
he saw / indeed / Kutadanta / Brahmin / Khanumatikan / Brahmin-
householders / Khanumata / having departed / in groups-crowded
together / towards / Ambalatthika / there / approaching
And the Brahmin Kutadanta saw Brahmin householders from Khanumata
crowded together in groups approaching Ambalatthika.
82
disva khattam amantesi: kin nu kho bho khatte Khanumataka brahmana-
gahapatikd Khanumata nikkhamitva samghdsamghi-ganibhuta yena
Ambalatthika ten' upasamkamanti ti.
having seen / steward / he addressed / what / is it / indeed / sir /
steward / Khanumatikan / Brahmin-householders / Khanumata /
having departed / in groups-crowded together / towards /
Ambalatthika / there / approaching / (end-quote)
Having seen them he asked his steward: Sir, why are the Brahmin
householders from Khanumata crowded together in groups
approaching Ambalatthika?"
atthi kho bho samano Gotamo Sakya-putto Sakya-kula pabbajito.
there is / indeed / sir / ascetic / Gotama / Sakyan-son / from the
Sakyan-clan / gone forth
Sir, there is an ascetic Gotama, son of the Sakyans, gone forth from the
Sakyan clan.
Magadhesu carikam caramano mahata bhikkhusamghena saddhim anuppatto
Khanumate viharati Ambalatthikayam.
among the Magadhans / journey / travelling / great / monk-group /
with / arrived / Khanumata / he is staying / at Ambalatthika
He was travelling among the Magadhans with a large group of monks
and arrived in Khanumata and is staying at Ambalatthika.
tam ete bhavantam Gotamam dassanaya upsamkamantT ti.
so / they / venerable / Gotama / for the seeing / approaching / (end-
quote)
So they are coming to meet this venerable Gotama."
atha kho Kutadantassa brahmanassa etad ahosi:
then / indeed / to Kutadanta / the Brahmin / thus / it was
Then the Brahmin Kutadanta thought to himself:
sutam kho pana m' etam: samano Gotamo tividha-yanna-sampadam janatl ti.
heard / indeed / but / by me / this / ascetic / Gotama / triple-sacrifice-
success / he knows / (end-quote)
"I have heard that the ascetic Gotama knows how to successfully conduct
the triple sacrifice.
na kho panaham janami tividham-yanna-sampadam icchami caham maha-
yahham yajitum.
not / indeed / but I / I know / triple-sacrifice-success / I wish / and I /
great-sacrifice / to sacrifice
But I don't know how to successfully conduct the triple sacrifice, and I
wish to make a great sacrifice.
83
yan nunaham samanam Gotamam upasamkamitva tividha-yahha-sampadam
puccheyyan ti.
which / is it not I / ascetic / Gotama / having approached / triple-
sacrifice-success / I ask / (end-quote)
Why don't I approach the ascetic Gotama and ask him how to successfully
conduct the triple sacrifice?"
atha kho Kutadanto brahmano khattam amantesi:
then / indeed / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / steward / addressed
Then the Brahmin Kutadanta addressed his steward:
tena hi bho khatte yena Khanumataka brahmana-gahapatika ten' upasamkama,
well then / sir / steward / towards / Khanumatakan / Brahmin-
householders / there / approach
"Well then, my good man, approach these Brahmin householders of
Khanumataka,
upasamkamitva Khanumatake brahmana-gahapatike evam vadehi: Kutadanto bho
brahmano evam aha:
having approached / Khanumatakan / Brahmin-householders / thus /
say / Kutadanta / sir / Brahmin / thus / said
and tell them that the Brahmin Kutadanta said this:
agamentu kira bhavanto, Kutadanto pi brahmano samanam Gotamam dassanaya
upasamkamissati ti.
may they wait / really / gentlemen / Kutadanta / too / Brahmin /
wanderer / Gotama / to see / he will approach / (end-quote)
'Please wait, gentlemen, the Brahmin Kutadanta will go to see the
wanderer Gotama too.'"
evam bho ti kho so khatta Kutadantassa brahmanassa patissutva
yes / sir / (end-quote) / indeed / this / steward / to Kutadanta / the
Brahmin / having replied
"Yes, sir," the steward replied to Kutadanta the Brahmin,
yena Khanumataka brahmana-gahapatika ten' upasamkami,
towards / Khanumatakan / Brahmin-householders / there / he
approached
and he approached the Brahmin householders of Khanumataka,
upasamkamitva Khanumatake brahmana-gahapatike evam vadehi: Kutadanto bho
brahmano evam aha:
having approached / Khanumatakan / Brahmin-householders / thus / he
said / Kutadanta / sir / Brahmin / thus / said
and told them that the Brahmin Kutadanta said this:
84
agamentu kira bhavanto, Kutadanto pi brahmano samanam Gotamam dassanaya
upasamkamissatT ti.
may they wait / really / gentlemen / Kutadanta / too / Brahmin /
wanderer / Gotama / to see / he will approach / (end-quote)
"Please wait, gentlemen, the Brahmin Kutadanta will go to see the
wanderer Gotama too."
tena kho pana samayena anekani brahmana-satani Khanumate pativasanti:
Kutadantassa brahmanassa maha-yannam anubhavissama ti.
at that / indeed / time / many / Brahmin-hundreds / in Khanumata /
they were living / of Kutadanta / the Brahmin / great-sacrifice / we
will participate / (end-quote)
Now at that time many hundreds of Brahmins were living in Khanumata
in order to participate in the Brahmin Kutadanta's great sacrifice,
assosum kho te brahmana: Kutadanto kira brahmano samanam Gotamam
dassanaya upasamkamissatT ti.
they heard / indeed / these / Brahmins / Kutadanta / really / Brahmin /
wanderer / Gotama / to see / he will approach / (end-quote)
and these Brahmins heard that the Brahmin Kutadanta would go to see
the wanderer Gotama.
atha kho te brahmana yena Kutadanto brahmano ten' upasamkamimsu,
upasamkamitva Kutadantam brahmanam etad avocum:
then / indeed / these / brahmins / towards / Kutadanta / the Brahmin /
there / they approached / having approached / Kutadanta / the
Brahmin / thus / they said
Then these Brahmins approached the Brahmin Kutadanta and said to him:
saccam kira bhavam Kutadanto samanam Gotamam dassanaya upasamkamissatT
ti. ’
true / really / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer / Gotama / to see /
he will approach / (end-quote)
"Is it really true that the honourable Kutadanta will go to see the
wanderer Gotama?"
evam kho me bho hoti: aham pi samanam Gotamam dassanaya upasamkamissamT
ti.
thus / indeed / for me / sirs / it is / I / too / wanderer / Gotama / to see
/ I will approach / (end-quote)
"Yes, gentlemen, indeed it is so: I will go to see the wanderer Gotama."
ma bhavam Kutadanto samanam Gotamam dassanaya upasamkami, na arahati
bhavam Kutadanto samanam Gotamam dassanaya upasamkamitum.
do not / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer / Gotama / to see /
approach / not / it is fitting / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer /
Gotama / to see / to approach
"May the honourable Kutadanta not go to see the wanderer Gotama, it is
not fitting that the honourable Kutadanta go to see the wanderer
Gotama.
85
sace bhavam Kutadanto samanam Gotamam dassanaya upasamkamissati, bhoto
Kutadantassa yaso hayissati, samanassa Gotamassa yaso abhivaddhissati.
if / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer / Gotama / to see / he will
approach / of the honourable / Kutadanta / fame / will diminish / of
the wanderer / Gotama / fame / approach
If the honourable Kutadanta goes to see the wanderer Gotama, then the
honourable Kutadanta's fame will diminish, and the wanderer
Gotama's fame will increase.
yam pi bhoto Kutadantassa yaso hayissati, samanassa Gotamassa yaso
abhivaddhissati, imina p' ahgena na arahati bhavam Kutadanto samanam
Gotamam dassanaya upasamkamitum.
which / and / of the honourable / Kutadanta / fame / will diminish / of
the wanderer / Gotama / fame / approach / by this / quality / not / it
is fitting / honourable / Kutadanta / wanderer / Gotama / to see / to
approach
This being the case, it is not fitting that the honourable Kutadanta go to
see the wanderer Gotama.
samano tv' eva Gotamo arahati bhavantam Kutadantam dassanaya
upasamkamitun ti.
wanderer / Gotama / but / it is fitting / honourable / Kutadanta / to see
/ to approach / (end-quote)
Rather, it is the ascetic Gotama who should come to see the honourable
Kutadanta."
evatn vutte Kutadanto brahmano te brahmane etad avoca:
thus / having been said / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / this / said
When this was said, the Brahmin Kutadanta said:
tena hi bho mama pi sunatha yatha mayam eva arahama tarn bhavantam
Gotamam dassanaya upasamkamitum,
well then / sir / to me / too / listen / how / we / thus / are fitting / this
/ honourable / Gotama / to see / to approach
"Well then, gentlemen, listen to me as to how it is fitting that we go to see
the honourable Gotama,
na tv' eva arahati so bhavam Gotamo amhakam dassanaya upasamkamitum.
not / definitely / it is fitting / the / honourable / Gotama / us / to see /
to approach
and it is definitely not fitting that the honourable Gotama come to see us.
samano khalu bho Gotamo Khanumatam anuppatto, Khanumate viharati
Ambalatthikayam.
the wanderer / indeed / Gotama / Khanumata / arrived / in Khanumata
/ is living / at Ambalatthika
The wanderer Gotama has arrived in Khanumata and is living here at
Ambalatthika,
86
which / indeed / then / whatever / wanderers / or / Brahmins / or / us
/ village-field / they come / guests / our / they / are
and whatever wanderers or Brahmins come to our village territory are
our guests.
zzfzf/zz fc/io pan' amhehi sakkatabba garukatabba manetabba pujetabba.
guests / indeed / then / by us / should be entertained / should be shown
respect / should be revered / should be honoured
Indeed guests should be entertained, shown respect, revered and
honoured by us.
yam pi bho samano Gotamo Khanumatam anuppatto Khanumate viharati
Ambalatthikayam atith' amhdkam samano Gotamo.
since / and / sir / the wanderer / Gotama / Khanumata / arrived / in
Khanumata / is living / at Ambalatthika / guest / our / the wanderer
/ Gotama
And since, gentlemen, the wanderer Gotama has arrived in Khanumata
and is living here at Ambalatthika, then he is our guest,
atithi kho pan' amhehi sakkatabbo garukatabbo manetabbo pujetabbo.
guest / indeed / then / by us / should be entertained / should be shown
respect / should be revered / should be honoured
and a guest should be entertained, shown respect, revered and honoured
by us.
imina p' ahgena na arahati so bhavam Gotamo amhdkam dassanaya
upasamkamitum, atha kho mayam eva arahama tarn bhavantam Gotamam
dassanaya upasamkamitun ti.
by this / and / quality / not / it is fitting / the / honourable / Gotama /
us / to see / to approach / then / indeed / we / thus / are fitting / this
/ honourable / Gotama / to see / to approach / (end-quote)
And thus it is not fitting that the honourable Gotama come to see us, but
rather it is fitting that we go to see the honourable Gotama."
atha kho Kutadanto brahmano mahata brahmana-ganena saddhim yena
Ambalatthika yena bhagava ten' upasamkami,
then / indeed / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / with a great / Brahmin-group
/ with / towards / Ambalatthika / towards / the Blessed One / there /
he approached
Then the Brahmin Kutadanta with a large group of Brahmins went to
Ambalatthika and approached the Blessed One,
upasamkamitva bhagavata saddhim sammodi sammodanTyam katham saraniyam
vitisaretva ekamantam nisTdi.
having approached / with the Blessed One / with / exchanged greetings
/ agreeable / speech / polite / having greeted / one side / he sat
thedohengreeted the Blessed One, exchanged agreeable and polite talk with
him, then sat down at one side.
87
ekamantam nisinno kho Kutadanto brahmano bhagavantam etad avoca:
on one side / sitting / indeed / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / to the Blessed
One / this / said
Sitting on one side, the Brahmin Kutadanta said this to the Blessed One:
sutam m' etam bho Gotamo tividha-yahha-sampadam janatT ti.
heard / by me / this / sir / Gotama / triple-sacrifice-success / he knows /
(end-quote)
"I have heard that master Gotama knows how to successfully conduct the
triple sacrifice.
na kho panaham janami tividha-yahha-sampadam icchami caham maha-yannam
yajitum.
not / indeed / then I / I know / triple-sacrifice-success / I wish / and I /
great-sacrifice / to sacrifice
I don't know how to successfully conduct the triple sacrifice, and I wish to
make a great sacrifice.
sadhu me bhavam Gotamo tividha-yahha-sampadam desetu ti.
good / to me / honourable / Gotama / triple-sacrifice-success / may he
teach / (end-quote)
It would be good if the honourable Gotama would teach the successful
conduct of the triple sacrifice to me."
tena hi brahmana sunohi bhasissami ti.
Well then / Brahmin / listen / I will speak / (end-quote)
"Well then. Brahmin, listen and I will speak."
evam bho ti kho Kutadanto brahmano bhagavato paccassosi.
thus / sir / (end-quote) / Kutadanta / the Brahmin / to the Blessed One /
he replied
"Yes, sir," the Brahmin Kutadanta replied to the Blessed One.
bhagava etad avoca:
Blessed One / thus / spoke
The Blessed One said this:
bhutapubbam brahmana raja Mahavijito nama ahosi, addho maha-ddhano maha-
bhogo pahuta-jatarupa-rajato pahuta-vitt-upakarano pahuta-dhana-dhanno
paripunna-kosa-kotthdgd.ro.
in the past / Brahmin / king Mahavijita / named / there was / rich /
great-wealth / great-property / much-gold-silver / much-pleasure-
resources / much-wealth-grain / full-treasury-granary
"Brahmin, once there was a king named Mahavijita, who was exceedingly
rich, with much property, gold, silver, pleasure-resources, wealth and
grain, with treasury and granary completely full.
atha kho brahmana ranno Mahavijitassa rahogatassa patisallinassa evatn cetaso
parivitakko udapadi:
then / indeed / Brahmin / of the king / Mahavijita / alone / secluded /
thus / in the mind / idea / arose
Then, Brahmin, this idea arose in the mind of King Mahavijita when he
was alone and secluded:
adhigata kho me vipula manusaka bhoga,
mahantam pathavi-mandalam abhivijiya ajjhdvasdmi.
achieved / indeed / by me / much / human / property / great / earth-
circle / having conquered / I live on
'I have achieved great material wealth, and having conquered a great
circle of land, I live on it.
yan nunahatn maha-yannam yajeyyam, yam mama assa digharattam hitaya
sukhaya ti.
which / is it not I / great-sacrifice / I sacrifice / which / for me / would
be / for a long time / for welfare / for happiness / (end-quote)
Why don't I make a great sacrifice which will be for my welfare and
happiness for a long time?'
atha kho brahmana raja Mahavijite purohitam brahmanam amantapetva etad
avoca:
then / indeed / Brahmin / king / Mahavijita / priest / Brahmin / having
summoned / this / said
Then, Brahmin, King Mahavijita summoned his high-priest and said to
him:
idha mayham brahmana rahogatassa patisallinassa evam cetaso parivitakko
udapadi:
here / to me / Brahmin / alone / secluded / thus / in the mind / idea /
arose
'Here, Brahmin, while alone and secluded this idea came to me:
adhigato me vipula manusaka bhoga, mahantam pathavi-mandalam abhivijiya
ajjhdvasdmi.
achieved / by me / much / human / property / great / earth-circle /
having conquered / I exploit
"I have achieved great material wealth, and having conquered a great
circle of land, I exploit it.
yan nunahatn maha-yannam yajeyyam, yam mama assa digharattam hitaya
sukhaya ti.
which / is it not I / great-sacrifice / I sacrifice / which / for me / would
be / for a long time / for welfare / for happiness / (end-quote)
Why don't I make a great sacrifice which will be for my welfare and
happiness for a long time?"
iccham' ahatn brahmana maha-yannam yajitum.
I wish / I / Brahmin / great-sacrifice / to make a sacrifice
Brahmin, I wish to make a great sacrifice.
89
anusasatu mam bhavam yam mama assa digharattam hitaya sukhaya ti.
Instruct / me / honourable sir / which / for me / would be / for a long
time / for welfare / for happiness / (end-quote)
Instruct me, honourable sir, in what will be for my welfare and happiness
for a long time.'
evam vutte brahmana purohito brahmano rajanam Mahavijitam etad avoca:
this / having been said / Brahmin / priest / Brahmin / king / Mahavijita
/ this / said
After this was said. Brahmin, the high-priest said to King Mahavijita:
bhoto kho ranno janapado sa-kantako sa-uppllo, gama-ghata pi dissanti nigama-
ghata pi dissanti nagara-ghata pi dissanti pantha-duhana pi dissanti.
of the honourable / indeed / of the king / country / with-thief / with-
oppression / village-destruction / and / there appears / town-
destruction / and / there appears / city-destruction / and / there
appears / road-robbery / and / there appears /
'Your majesty's kingdom is filled with thieves and oppression, and
destruction of villages, towns, and cities, and highway-robbery is
manifest.
bhavan ce kho pana raja evam sa-kantake janapade sa-upapTle balim uddhareyya,
akiccakan assa tena bhavam raja.
honourable / if / indeed / then / king / this / with-thief / in the country
/ with-oppression / tax / would collect / what should not be done / it
would be / by this / honourable / king
If then your majesty would raise taxes in this country filled with thieves
and oppression, this would be acting wrongly.
siya kho pana bhoto ranno evam assa:
suppose / indeed / then / to the honourable / king / thus / it would be
Suppose that your majesty would think:
aham etam dassu-khilam vadhena vd bandhena vd janiya vd garahaya vd
pabbajanaya vd samuhanissami ti,
I / this / robber-territory / by execution / or / by imprisonment / or /
by deprivation / or / by threat / or / by banishment / or / I will
suppress / (end-quote)
"I will suppress this robber territory by execution, imprisonment,
deprivation, threats, or banishment,"
na kho pan' etassa dassu-khilassa evam samma samugghato hoti.
Not / indeed / then / of this / robber- territory / thus / rightly /
suppressed / it is
then this robber territory would not thus be rightly suppressed.
90
ye te hatavasesaka bhavissanti, te paccha rahho janapadam vihethessanti.
who / those / survivors / they will be / those / afterwards / of the king
/ country / they will harass
Whoever will survive will harass the king's country afterwards.
api ca kho idam samvidhanam agamma evam etassa dassu-khilassa samma
samugghato hoti.
however / and / indeed / this / arrangement / happened / thus / of this
/ robber-territory / rightly / suppressed / it is
However with the following policy in place the robber territory would be
rightly suppressed.
tena hi bhavam raja ye bhoto rahho janapade ussahanti kasi-gorakkhe tesam
bhavam raja bfja-bhattam anuppadetu,
well then / honourable 7 king 7 who / of the honourable / king / in the
country / they try / cultivation-cattle breeding / to these / honourable
/ king / seed-rice / may he distribute
So, your majesty, to those in the honourable king's country who are
engaged in agriculture or cattle raising, may your majesty distribute
seeds and food;
ye bhoto rahho janapade ussahanti vanijjaya tesam bhavam raja pabhatam
anuypadetu,
who / of the honourable / king / in the country / they try / trade / to
these / honourable / king / capital / may he distribute
to those in the honourable king's country who are engaged in trade, may
your majesty distribute capital;
ye bhoto rahho janapade ussahanti raja-porise tesam bhavam raja bhatta-vetanam
pakappatu,
who / of the honourable / king / in the country / they try / king-service
/ to these / honourable / king / rice-wages / may he distribute
to those, your majesty, in the honourable king's country who are
engaged in service to the king, may your majesty distribute food and
wages;
te ca manussa sa-kamma-pasuta rahho janapadam na vihethessanti, maha ca
rahho rasiko bhavissati, khema-tthita janapada akantaka anuppila
those / and / men / own-action-intent on / of the king / country / not /
they will harass 7 great / and / of the king / accumulation / there will
be 7 safe-stable 7 countries / not thieves / not oppressed
so, these people who are intent on their own business will not harass the
king's country, and the king's revenue will be great, and the lands
peaceful and stable, without thieves or oppression,
manussa ca muda modamana ure putte naccenta a-paruta-ghara mahhe
viharissanti ti.
men / and / happy / rejoicing / on bosom / sons / dancing / not- veiled-
house / I believe 7 they will live / (end-quote)
and I believe the people will be happy and rejoicing, dancing with their
children in their laps, and will live in unlocked houses.'" [D.I.127-35 -
v.(Kutadanta). 1,3-11]
91
Passage 3
p. 150
jate kho pana bhikkhave Vipassimhi kumare, Bandhumato rahho pativedesum:
putto te deva jato, tarn devo passatu ti.
on the birth / indeed / monks / on Vipassi / prince / Bandhuma / to the
king / they announced / son / to you / lord / born / him /lord / may
you look / (end-quote)
Monks, when Prince Vipassi was born, they announced to King
Bandhuma: "Lord, a son has been born to you. Please look at him."
addasa kho bhikkhave Bandhuma raja VipassT-kumaram, disva nemitte brahmane
amantapetva etad avoca:
saw / indeed / monks / Bandhuma / king / Vipassi-prince / having seen
/ sign / brahmins / having summoned / thus / he said
So, monks. King Bandhuma looked at Prince Vipassi, and on seeing him,
he summoned his Brahmins skilled in divination, and said to them:
passantu bhonto nemitta brahmana kumaran ti.
May you see / sirs / sign / brahmins / prince / (end-quote)
Sirs, please look at the prince."
addasasum kho bhikkhave nemitta brahmana Vipassi-kumaram, disva
Bandhumantam rajanam etad avocutn:
they saw / indeed / monks / sign / brahmins / Vipassi-prince / having
seen / Bandhuma / king / this / they said
So, monks, the diviner brahmins looked at Prince Vipassi, and when they
had done so, they said to King Bandhuma:
attamano deva hohi, mahesakkho te deva putto uppanno.
delighted / lord / may you be / superior / to you / lord / son / arisen
"Lord, may you be delighted; a superior son has been born to you.
sace agaratn ajjhavasati, raja hoti cakkavatti dhammiko dhamma-raja.
if / house / inhabits / king / he is / wheel-turning / righteous /
dhamma-king
If he remains a householder, he will become a righteous, wheel-turning
Dhamma-king.
sace kho pana agarasma anagariyam pabbajati, araham hoti samma sambuddho
ti.
if / indeed / then / from home / to homelessness / he goes forth /
arahant / he is / fully / enlightened / (end-quote)
But if he goes forth from home to homelessness, then he will be an
arahant, a fully enlightened one."
92
atha kho bhikkhave Bandhuma raja nemitte brahmane ahatehi vatthehi
acchadapetva sabbakamehi santappesi.
then / indeed / monks / Bandhuma / king / sign / brahmins / new /
dothes / having caused to be clothed / with all desires / he satisfied
Then, monks. King Bandhuma had the diviner brahmins clothed in new
dothes, and satisfied all their desires.
atha kho bhikkhave Bandhuma raja Vipassissa kumarassa tayo pasade karapesi,
ekatn vassikam ekatn hemantikam ekam gimhikam, pahca kama-gunani
upatthapesi.
then / indeed / monks / Bandhuma / king / for Vipassi / for the prince /
three / palaces / he had made / one / for the rainy season / one / for
winter / one / for the summer / five / pleasure-strands / it is provided
Also, monks. King Bandhuma had three palaces built for Prince Vipassi,
one for the rainy season, one for winter, and one for summer, and
provided for him the five strands of sensual pleasure. [D.II.16,19,21 -
xiv.(Mahapadana).1.31 r 33,38 ]
93
Exercise 19
English into Pali
p. 151
"O monks, I will teach you the doctrine having-a-raft-as-simile (bahubbihi: raft-
simile), for-the-purpose-of-crossing over, not (emphatic: no) for-the-purpose-of-
keeping.
bhikkhave / desissami / vo / dhammam / kulla-upamam / nittharana-
atthaya / no / gahana-atthaya
kullupamam vo bhikkhave dhammam desissami nittharanatthaya no
gahanatthaya.
Just like a man who-had-followed-a-road:
seyyatha-api / puriso / addhana-magga-patipanno
seyyathapi puriso addhanamaggapatipanno,
he might see a great flood-of-water, the nearer shore with-fear, with-danger, the
further shore secure, without-danger,
so / passeyya / mahantam / udaka-annavam / orimam / tlram / sa-
asankam / sa-(p)patibhayam / parimam / tiram / khemam / a-
(p)patibhayam
so passeyya mahantam udakannavam, orimam tlram sasankam
sappatibhayam, parimam tlram khemam appatibhayam,
and there might not be a boat or a causeway for going from hither across, - he
would have (the thought) thus:
ca / assa / na / nava / santaranl / uttara-setu / va / gamanaya / apara /
param / tassa / assa / evam
na c' assa nava santaranl uttarasetu va apara param gamanaya, tassa evam
assa:
" Indeed this flood-of-water (is) great, and the nearer shore (is) with-fear, with-
danger, the further shore secure, without-danger,
kho / ayam / udaka-annavo / maha / ca / orimam / tiram / sa-asankam
/ sa-(p)patibhayam / parimam / tiram / khemam / a-(p)patibhayam
ayam kho maha udakannavo, orimam ca tiram sasankam sappatibhayam,
parimam tiram khemam appatibhayam,
and there isn't a boat or a causeway for going from hither across.
ca / natthi / nava / va / santaranl / uttarasetu / gamanaya / apara /
param
natthi ca nava santaranl uttarasetu va apara param gamanaya.
What now if I, having collected grass-firewood-branches-and-foliage,
yam / nu-na / aham / sankaddhitva / tina-kattha-sakha-palasam
yannunaham tinakatthasakhapalasam sankaddhitva.
94
having bound a raft, depending on that raft, should cross thither safely?"
bandhitva / kullam / nissaya / tam / kullam / uttareyyan / param /
sotthina / (iti)
kullam bandhitva tam kullam nissaya, sotthina param uttareyyanti.
Then, indeed (kho), (monks,) that man, having collected grass-firewood-
branches-and- foliage,
atha / kho / bhikkhave / so / puriso / sankaddhitva / tina-kattha-sakha-
palasam
atha kho so bhikkhave puriso tinakatthasakhapalasam sankaddhitva,
having bound a raft, depending on that raft, would cross thither safely.
bandhitva / kullam / nissaya / tam / kullam / uttareyya / param /
sotthina
kullam bandhitva tam kullam nissaya, sotthina param uttareyya.
Crossed, gone-thither (past participles), he might have (the thought) thus:
uttinnassa / param-gatassa / tassa / assa / evam
tassa uttinnassa parangatassa evamassa:
"Indeed this raft (is) very useful (to me).
kho / ayam / kullo / bahukaro / me
bahukaro kho me ayam kullo.
What now if, having put ("mounted") this raft on my head, I should go away?"
yam / nu-na / aham / aropetva / imam / kullam / slse / pakkameyyan
/ (iti)
yannunaham imam kullam slse aropetva pakkameyyanti.
What do you think (of) that, monks?
kim / mannatha / tam / bhikkhave
tam kim mannatha bhikkhave.
Perhaps (api) that man thus-doing (-karin, bahubbihi) (with reference) to that
raft (loc.) would be doing-what-should-be-done (nu)?"
api / so / puriso / evam-karl / tasmim / kulle / kicca-karl / assa / nu / (iti)
api nu so puriso evamkari tasmim kulle kiccakari assati?
"Indeed not (no h'J this, sir (bhante)/" . . .
hi / no / etam / bhante
no h'etam bhante.
In this connection, monks, that man, crossed, gone thither, might have (the
thought) thus:
idha / bhikkhave / tassa / purisassa / parangatassa / assa / evam
idha bhikkhave tassa purisassa parangatassa evamassa:
95
. . What now (if), having lifted this raft on to (dry) land, I should go away (?)"
yam / nu-na / ussadetva / imam / kullam / thale / aham /
pakkameyyan / (iti)
yannunaham imam kullam thale ussadetva pakkameyyanti.
Thus-doing, indeed, that man would be doing-what-should-be-done with (loc.)
that raft.
evam-kari / kho / so / puriso / assa / kicca-karl / tasmim / kulle
evamkari kho so puriso tasmim kulle kiccakarl assa.
Likewise, indeed, monks, the doctrine is taught by me having-a-raft-as-simile, for-
the-purpose-of-crossing over, not for- the-purpose-of -keeping.
evameva / kho / bhikkhave / dhammo / desito / maya / kulla-upamo /
nittharan-atthaya / no / gahan-atthaya
evameva kho bhikkhave kullupamo maya dhammo desito
nittharanatthaya no gahanatthaya.
By your (Vo) learning (present participle, instrumental plural) the raft-simile,
monks, even good mental phenomena (are) to be given up by you (Vo), how
much more so bad mental phenomena ."
vo / ajanantehi / kulla-upamam / bhikkhave / api / dhamma /
pahatabba / vo / pageva / a-dhamma
kullupamam vo bhikkhave ajanantehi, dhamma pi vo pahatabba, pageva
adhamma. [M.I.134-5 - xxii.(Alagaddupama).13-4]
96
Exercise 20
Passages for Reading
Passage 1
p. 164
atha kho bhikkhave Vipassi kumaro bahunnam vassanam bahunnam vassa-
satanam bahunnam vassa-sahassanam accayena sarathim amantesi:
then / indeed / monks / Vipassi / prince / many / rains / many / rains-
hundreds / many / rains-thousands / after the lapse of / charioteer /
addressed
Then, monks, after many years, many hundreds of years, many
thousands of years. Prince Vipassi addressed his charioteer:
yojehi samma sarathi bhaddani bhaddani yanani, uyydna-bhumim gacchama
bhumitn dassanaya ti.
harness / my dear / charioteer / very good / carriages / park-place / we
go / place / to see / (end-quote)
"My dear charioteer, harness the very best carriages. We will go to the
pleasure park to inspect it."
evam deva ti kho bhikkhave sarathi Vipassissa kumarassa patissutva bhaddani
bhaddani yanani yojdpetva Vipassissa kumarassa pativedesi:
yes / lord / (end-quote) / indeed / monks / charioteer / to Vipassi / to
prince / having replied / very good / carriages / having harnessed /
to Vipassi / to prince / he announced
Then, monks, the charioteer replied "Yes, lord" to Prince Vipassi,
harnessed the very best carriages, and announced to him:
yuttani kho te deva bhaddani bhaddani yanani, yassa dani kalatn mahhast ti.
yoked / indeed / your / lord / very good / carriages / of which / then /
time / you deem / (end-quote)
"Lord, your very best carriages are harnessed. Now do as you wish."
atha kho bhikkhave Vipassi kumaro bhaddam yanatn abhiruhitva bhaddehi
bhaddehi yanehi uyydna-bhumim niyyasi.
then / indeed / monks / Vipassi / prince / good / carriage / having
mounted / with very good / carriages / to the park-place / he set out
Then, monks. Prince Vipassi mounted one of the very fine carriages and
set out to the pleasure park with them.
97
addasa kho bhikkhave Vipassi kumaro uyyana-bhumim niyyanto purisam jinnam
gopanasi-vahkam bhoggam danda-parayanam pavedhamanam gacchantam
aturam gata-yobbanam.
he saw / indeed / monks / Vipassi / prince / park-place / going out to /
man / aged / roof bracket-crooked / bent / stick-depending on /
trembling / going / afflicted / gone-youth
While on his way to the pleasure park. Prince Vipassi saw a very old man,
bent like a roof gable, leaning on a stick, tottering, afflicted, ms youth
gone.
disva sarathim amantesi: ayam-pana samma sarathi puriso kim kato, kesa pi 'ssa
na yatha ahhesam, kayo pi 'ssa na yatha ahhesan ti.
having seen / charioteer / he addressed / this-then / my dear /
charioteer / man / what / made / hair / and / his / not / like / others
/ body / and / his / not / like / others / (end-quote)
On seeing this, he asked his charioteer: "My dear charioteer, what
happened to this man? His hair is not like other men's, and his body is
not like other men's."
eso kho deva jinno nama ti.
this / indeed / lord / aged / called / (end-quote)
"Lord, this is called an aged man."
kim pan' eso samma sarathi jinno nama ti.
why / but / this / my dear / charioteer / aged / called / (end-quote)
"But, my dear charioteer, why is he called aged?"
eso kho deva jinno nama: na dani tena ciratn jivitabbam bhavissati ti.
this / indeed / lord / aged / called / not / then / by which / for a long
time / to live / he will be / (end-quote)
"Lord, he is called aged because he does not have long to live."
kim pana samma sarathi aham pi jara-dhammo jaratn anatito ti.
what / but / my dear / charioteer / I / too / age-nature / age / not-
passed / (end-quote)
"But, my dear charioteer, am I too of the nature to become old? Am I too
not gone beyond old age?"
tvah ca deva may ah c' amha sabbe jara-dhamma jaratn anatita ti.
you / and / lord / we / and / are / all / age-nature / age / not-passed /
(end-quote)
"Lord, you and all of us are of the nature to become old; we have not
gone beyond old age."
tena hi samma sarathi alan dan' ajja uyyana-bhumiya, ito va antepuram
paccaniyyahi ti.
well then / my dear / charioteer / enough / then / today / park-place /
from here / just / inner palace / return / (end-quote)
"Well then, my dear charioteer, enough for today. Return from here to
the inner palace."
98
evam deva ti kho bhikkhave sarathi Vipassissa kumarassa patissutva tato va
antepuram paccaniyyasi.
yes / lord / (end-quote) / indeed / monks / charioteer / to Vipassi / to
prince / having replied / from there / just / inner palace / returned
"Yes, lord," the charioteer replied to Prince Vipassi, monks, and returned
from there to the inner palace.
tatra sudam bhikkhave Vipassi kumaro antepura-gato dukkhi dummano
pajjhdyati:
there / even / monks / Vipassi / prince / inner palace-gone / unhappy /
depressed / he is consumed with regret
Thus, monks. Prince Vipassi, having returned to the inner palace, was
unhappy, depressed and consumed with regret, (saying):
dhir atthu kira bho jati nama, yatra hi nama jatassa jara pahhayissati ti.
fie / may it be / truly / friend / birth / called / in as much as / of birth /
old age / will be manifest
"Fie upon this thing called birth, inasmuch as for one born old age will be
manifest." [D.II.21-2 - xiv.(Mahapadana).2.1-2]
Passage 2
p. 164
evam me sutam. ekatn samayam bhagava savatthiyam viharati Pubbarame.
thus / by me / heard / one / time / Blessed One / at Savatthi / was
abiding / in the Eastern Park
Thus have I heard. At one time the Blessed One was living at Savatthi in
the Eastern Park.
tena kho pana samayena Vasettha-Bharadvaja bhikkhiisu parivasanti bhikkhu-
bhavam akankhamand.
at this / indeed / then / time / Vasettha and Bharadvaja / among the
monks / were living among / monk-becoming / hoping
And at this time, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, hoping to become monks,
were living among them.
atha kho bhagava sayanha-samayam patisalldna vutthito pasada orohitva
pasada-pacchayayam abbhokase cahkamati.
then / indeed / the Blessed one / at evening-time / from seclusion /
having arisen / from the mansion / having come down / mansion-
shade / in the open air / he walks up and down
Then, when it was evening, the Blessed One rose from seclusion, came
down from the mansion and was walking up and down in the open air
in the mansion's shade.
99
addasa kho Vasettho bhagavantam sayanha-samayam patisallana vutthitam
pasada orohitva pasada-pacchayayam abbhokase cankamantam.
saw / indeed / Vasettha / the Blessed one / at evening-time / from
seclusion / having arisen / from the mansion / having come down /
mansion-shade / in the open air / walking up and down
Vasettha saw in the evening that the Blessed One had risen from
seclusion, come down from the mansion and was walking up and
down in the open air in the mansion's shade.
disva Bharadvajam amantesi: ayatn avuso Bharadvaja bhagava sayanha-
samayam patisallana vutthito pasada orohitva pasada-pacchayayam
abbhokase cahkamati.
having seen / Bharadvaja / addressed / this / friend / Bharadvaja / the
Blessed one / at evening-time / from seclusion / having arisen / from
the mansion / having come down / mansion-shade / in the open air /
he walks up and down
On seeing this, he said to Bharadvaja: "Friend, Bharadvaja, the Blessed
One has arisen from seclusion in the evening, come down from the
mansion and is walking up and down in the open air in the mansion's
shade.
ayam' avuso Bharadvaja yena bhagava ten' upasahkamissama.
come on / friend / Bharadvaja / towards / the Blessed one / to him / let
us approach
Come on, friend Bharadvaja, let us approach the Blessed One.
app eva nama labheyyama bhagavato santika dhammim katham savanaya ti.
perhaps / we may get / from the Blessed One / directly from / on the
Dhamma / talk / for the hearing / (end-quote)
Perhaps, we might get to hear a talk on the Dhamma directly from the
Blessed One.
evam avuso ti kho Bharadvajo Vasetthassa paccassosi.
yes / friend / (end-quote) / indeed / Bharadvaja / to Vasettha / replied
"Certainly, friend," Bharadvaja replied to Vasettha.
atha kho Vasettha-Bharadvaja yena bhagava ten' upasahkamimsu,
upasahkamitva bhagavantam abhivadetva bhagavantam cankamantam
anucahkamimsu.
then / indeed / Vasettha and Bharadvaja / towards / Blessed one / to
him / they approached / having approached / Blessed One / having
greeted / Blessed One / walking up and down / they walked up and
down with
Then Vasettha and Bharadvaja approached the Blessed One, greeted him
and began walking up and. down with him.
atha kho bhagava Vasettham amantesi:
then / indeed / Blessed one / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / addressed
The Blessed One addressed Vasettha and Bharadvaja:
100
tumhe khv' attha Vasettha brahmana-jacca brahmana-kulina brahmana-kula
agarasma anagariyam pabbajita.
you / indeed / you are / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / brahmin-born /
brahmin-by clan / brahmin-bred / from home / to homelessness /
have gone forth
"Vasettha and Bharadvaja, you are both born brahmins, from recognized
brahmin families, raised as brahmins, and you have gone forth from
the home life into homelessness.
kacci vo Vasettha brahmana na akkosanti na paribhasanti ti.
isn't it so? / you / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / the brahmins / not /
abuse / not / defame / (end-quote)
Do not the brahmins abuse and defame you?"
taggha no bhante brahmana akkosanti paribhasanti attarupaya paribhasaya
paripunnaya no aparipunnaya ti.
certainly / us / reverend sir / the brahmins / abuse / defame / quite
personal / with defame / full / not / not-full / (end-quote)
"Certainly, reverend sir, the brahmins abuse and defame us to and
completely fill us with quite personal abuse."
yathdkatham pana vo Vasettha brahmana akkosanti paribhasanti attarupaya
paribhasaya paripunnaya no aparipunnaya ti.
how / then / you / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / the brahmins / abuse /
defame / yourselves / with defame / full / not / not-full / (end-quote)
"How then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, do the brahmins abuse and defame
you to the point that you are completely full of abuse?"
brahmana bhante, evam ahamsu:
the brahmins / reverend sir / thus / say
"Reverend sir, the brahmins, say this:
brahmano va settho vanno, hino anno vanno; brahmano va sukko vanno, kanho
anno vanno; brahmana va sujjhanti no abrahmana;
brahmin / just / best / caste / inferior / other / caste / brahmin / just /
best / caste / inferior / other / caste / brahmin / just / best / caste /
inferior / other / caste
'The brahmin caste is the best, others are inferior; the brahmin caste is fair,
others are dark; brahmins are purified, non-brahmins are not;
brahmana va brahmuno putta orasa mukhato jata Brahma-ja Brahma-nimmita
Brahma-day ada.
brahmins / just / of Brahma / sons / legitimate / from the mouth / born
/ Brahma-born / Brahma-created / Brahma-heirs
only brahmins are the legitimate sons of Brahma, sprung from his mouth,
born from Brahma, created by Brahma, heirs of Brahma.
101
te tumhe settham vannam hitva hinam attha vannam ajjhupagata, yadidam
mundake samanake ibbhe kanhe bandhu-pad-apacce ti.
those / you / best / caste / having abandoned / inferior / you are / caste
/ reached / that is / shaven-headed / recluses / servants / dark /
kinsman(Brahma)-foot-offspring / (end-quote)
You have abandoned the best caste and have joined an inferior caste, that
is the shaven-headed recluses, these servile, dark, offspring from
Brahma's foot.'
evam kho no bhante brahmana akkosanti . . . ti.
thus / indeed / us /reverend sir / the brahmins / abuse / (end-quote)
Thus, reverend sir, do the brahmins abuse us."
taggha vo Vasettha brahmana poranam asaranta evam ahamsu.
certainly / you / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / the brahmins / ancient
tradition / not remembering / thus / they say
"Then certainly, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, the brahmins saying thus are
not remembering their ancient tradition.
dissanti kho pana Vasettha brahmananam brahmaniyo gabbhiniyo pi vijayamana
pi, te ca brahmana yoni-jd va samana evam ahamsu.
they are seen / indeed / then / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / of brahmins
/ brahmin women / pregnant / too / giving birth / too / these / and
/ brahmins / womb-born / yet / same / thus / they said
Indeed, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, wives of brahmins are also seen
pregnant and giving birth, and yet these brahmins similarly born from
a womb said thus.
te brahmanan c' eva abbhacikkhanti musa ca bhasanti bahun ca apuhham
pasavanti.
they / Brahma / and / just / they slander / false / and / they speak /
much / and / demerit / they earn
They slander Brahma and speak falsely and earn much demerit.
cattaro' me Vasettha vanna, khattiya brahmana vessa sudda.
four / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / castes / noble / brahmin /
merchants / workers
There are, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these four castes: the nobles, the
brahmins, the merchants, and the workers.
khattiyo pi kho Vasettha, idh' ekacco pan-atipatT hoti, adinn-adayT hoti, kamesu
micch-acan hoti, musa-vadi hoti, pisuna-vaco hoti, pharusa-vaco hoti,
sampha-ppalapi hoti, abhijjhdlu hoti, vyapanna-citto hoti, miccha-ditthi hoti.
noble / too / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / here / someone /
living beings-slayer / is / what is not given- taker / is / in sensual
pleasures / wrong-conduct / is / false-speech / is / malicious-speech /
harsh-speech / gossip-nonsense / is / covetous / is / malevolent-mind
/ is / wrong-view / is
Vasettha and Bharadvaja, some noble too is one who slays living beings,
takes what is not given, indulges in sexual misconduct, speaks falsely.
102
speaks maliciously, speaks harshly, indulges in idle chatter, is covetous,
with a malevolent mind, or one with wrong view.
brahmano pi kho Vasettha, pe. vesso pi. pe. suddo pi. pe. miccha-ditthi hoti.
brahmin / too / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / etc. / merchant /
too / etc. / worker / too / etc. / wrong-view / is
Vasettha and Bharadvaja, some brahmin too . . . merchant too . . . worker
too is . . . one with wrong view.
khattiyo pi kho Vasettha, idh' ekacco pan-atipatT pativirato hoti, adinn-adana
pativirato hoti, pe. suddo pi. pe. sammaditthi hoti.
noble / too / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / here / someone /
living beings-slayer / / one having abstained / is / what is not given-
taker / one having abstained / is
Vasettha and Bharadvaja, some noble too is one who abstains from
slaying living beings, abstains from taking what is not given, . . . one
with right view.
imesu kho Vasettha catusu vannesu evatn ubhaya-vokinnesu vattamanesu kanha-
sukkesu dhammesu vinnu-garahitesu c' eva vinnu-ppasatthesu ca yad ettha
brahmana evam ahamsu: brahmano va settho vanno. pe. Brahma-dayada ti,
tam tesam vihhtt n-anujananti.
among these / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / four / castes / thus
/ both-mixed / existing / dark-bright / qualities / wise ones-blamed /
and / just / wise ones-praised / and / which / here / bramins / thus /
said / bramins / just / best / caste / etc. / Brahma-heir / (end-quote) /
which / of these / the wise ones / not-allow
Thus since both dark and bright qualities, blamed or praised by the wise,
are here mixed among these four castes, the wise do not accept what
the brahmins say, that is, that the brahmins are the best caste . . . the
heirs of Brahma.
tam kissa hetu.
that / what is / cause
Why is that?
imesam hi Vasettha catunnam vannanamyo hoti bhikkhu araham khin-asavo
from these / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / four / castes / anyone
/ is / monk / arahant / eliminated-taint
Vasettha and Bharadvaja, anyone from these four castes who is a monk,
an arahant with the taints eliminated,
vusitava kata-karanTyo ohita-bharo anuppatta-sadattho parikkhina-bhava-
samyojano samma-d-ahha-vimutto,
having lived properly / done-to be done / having put down-burden /
attained-true goal / destroyed-becoming-fetter / right-knowledge-
liberated
who has lived properly, done what had to be done, having put down the
burden, attained the true goal, destroyed the fetter of becoming, and
been liberated through perfect knowledge.
103
so tesam aggam akkhdyati dhammen' eva no adhammena.
he / among these / end / is proclaimed / by Dhamma / just / not / by
non-Dhamma
he is proclaimed the foremost among these by means of Dhamma and
not of non-Dhamma.
dhammo hi Vasettha setthojan’ etasmim ditthe c' eva dhamme abhisamparayan
ca.
Dhamma / for / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / best / generation / in this /
in this very life (ditth' eva dhamme) / and / in the future / and
For, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, Dhamma is the very best in this generation
both in this very life and in the future.
hoti kho so Vasettha samayo yam kada ci karaha ci dighassa addhuno accayena
ayam loko samvattati.
there is / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / time / which / at
any time / at some time / of long / time / after the lapse of / this /
world / dissolves
There comes a time, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, when, at some time after a
long period of time, this world dissolves.
samvattamane loke yebhuyyena sattd abhassara-samvattanika honti.
on the dissolving / world / mostly / beings / world of radiance-involving
/ are
As the world dissolves, beings are mostly born in the world of radiance.
te tattha honti mano-maya piti-bhakkha sayam-pabha antalikkha-cara subha-
tthayino, ciram digham addhanam titthanti.
they / there / there are / mind-made / rapture-feeding on / self-
luminous / sky-moving / lustre-remaining / for a long time / long /
period / they stay
And there they are, mind-made, feeding on rapture, self-luminous,
moving through the sky, lustrous, and they stay that way for a very
long time.
hoti kho so Vasettha samayo yarn kadaci karahaci dighassa addhuno accayena
ayam loko vivattati.
there is / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / time / which / at
any time / at some time / of long / time / after the lapse of / this /
world / evolves
But it happens, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, when, at some time after a long
period of time, this world evolves.
vivattamane loke yebhuyyena sattd abhassara-kaya cavitva itthattam agacchanti.
on the evolving / world / mostly / beings / world of radiance-group /
having fallen / in this world / they come
As the world evolves, beings mostly pass away from the world of
radiance and are reborn in this world.
104
te ca honti mano-maya piti-bhakkha sayam-pabha antalikkha-cara subha-
tthayino, dram digham addhanam titthanti.
they / and / there are / mind-made / rapture-feeding on / self-luminous
/ sky-moving / lustre-remaining / for a long time / long / period /
they stay
And there they are, mind-made, feeding on rapture, self-luminous,
moving through the sky, lustrous, and they stay that way for a very
long time.
ekodakibhutam kho pana Vasettha tena samayena hoti andhakaro andhakara-
timisa.
consisting entirely of water / indeed / then / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) /
at this / time / there is / darkness / darkness-darkness
At this time, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, the world consisted entirely of
water and there was darkness, complete and utter darkness.
na candima-suriya pannayanti, na nakkhattani taraka-rupani pannayanti, na
rattin-diva pannayanti, na mas-addha-masa pannayanti, na utu-samvacchara
pannayanti, na itthi-puma pannayanti. satta sattd tv' eva sankhyam
gacchanti.
not / moon-sun / they appear / not / constellations / star-forms / they
appear / not / nights-days / they appear / not / months-half-months
/ not / seasons-years / they appear / not / women-men / they appear
/ beings / beings / simply / they are conceived as
No sun and moon appeared, no light of the stars and constellations, no
days and nights, no months and fortnights, no seasons and years, no
women and men; beings were simply conceived as beings.
atha kho tesam Vasettha sattanam kada d karaha d dighassa addhuno accayena
rasa-pathavT udakasmim samatani. seyyatha pi nama payaso tattassa
nibbayamanassa upari santanakam hoti, evam eva paturahosi.
then / indeed / for these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / for beings / at
any time / at some time / of long / time / after the lapse of / savoury-
earth / in water / evenness / just as / too / indeed / of milk / hot /
cooling / upon / film / there is / thus / just / was manifest
And then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, at some time after a long period of
time, savoury earth spread out evenly over the water for these beings,
and this was manifest just like a film that appears on hot milk as it cools
down.
sa ahosi vanna-sampanna gandha-sampanna rasa-sampanna, seyyatha pi nama
sampannam vd sappi, sampannam vd navanitam, evam-vanna ahosi; seyyatha
pi nama khuddam madhu anelakam evam-assada ahosi.
it / was / colour-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed / just as /
too / indeed / endowed / or / ghee / endowed / or / butter / of
such-colour / it was / just as / too / indeed / wild honey / sweet /
pure / of such-taste / it was
It was endowed with colour, smell, and taste; it was the colour of ghee or
butter, and it had a taste like the sweetness of pure wild honey.
105
atha kho Vasettha ahhataro satto lola-jatiko, ambho kim ev' idatn bhavissati ti,
rasa-pathavim anguliya sayi.
then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / a certain / being / fickle-
nature / hey! / what / just / this / it will be / (end-quote) / savoury-
earth / with finger / tasted
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, a certain being of a fickle nature said to
himself, 'Hey! What can this be?', and tasted the savoury earth with his
finger.
tassa rasa-pathavim anguliya sayato acchadesi, tanha c' assa okkami.
to him / savoury-earth / with finger / tasting / it pleased / craving / and
/ to him / it arose within
And this one tasting the savoury earth with his finger was pleased, and
craving arose within him.
ahhatare pi kho Vasettha satta tassa sattassa ditth-anugatim apajjamana rasa-
pathavim anguliya sayimsu.
certain / too / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / to that /
being / seeing-following after / getting into / savoury-earth / with
finger / they tasted
So certain other beings following on from seeing the other also tasted the
savoury earth with their fingers.
tesam rasa-pathavim anguliya sayatam acchadesi, tanha ca tesam okkami.
to these / savoury-earth / with finger / tasting / it pleased / craving /
and / to them / it arose within
And these ones tasting the savoury earth with their fingers were pleased,
and craving arose within them.
atha kho te Vasettha satta rasa-pathavim hatthehi alumpa-karakam upakkamimsu
paribunjitum.
then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / savoury-
earth / with hands / piece- making / they began / to eat
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings began to eat the savoury
earth by breaking pieces with their hands.
yato kho Vasettha satta rasa-pathavim hatthehi alumpa-karakam upakkamimsu
paribhunjitum atha tesam Vasettha sattanam sayam-pabha antaradhayi.
since / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / essence-earth /
with hands / piece-making / they began / to eat / then / to these /
Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / self / luminosity / disappeared
And since they did this, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings lost their
self-luminosity .
sayam-pabhaya antarahitaya candima-suriya paturahesum.
self-luminosity / with the disappearance / moon-sun / were manifest
And when their self-luminosity was lost, the sun and moon became
manifest;
106
candima-suriyesu patubhutesu, nakkhattani tarakdrupani paturahesum.
with moon-sun / with the manifestation / constellations / stars 7 were
manifest
with the manifestation of the sun and moon, constellations and stars
became manifest;
nakkhattesu tarakarupesu patubhutesu, rattin-diva pahhayimsu.
with constellations / with stars / with the manifestation / night-day /
they appeared
with the manifestation of the constellations and stars, night and day
appeared;
rattin-divesu pahhayamanesu, mas-addha-masa pahhayimsu.
with night-days / with appearing / months-half-months / they appeared
with the appearance of night and day, months and fortnights appeared;
mas-addha-masesu pahhayamanesu, utu-samvacchara pahhayimsu.
with months-half-months / with appearing / seasons-years / they
appeared
with the appearance of months and fortnights, seasons and years
appeared;
ettavata kho Vasettha ayam loko puna vivatto hoti.
to that extent / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / this / world / then
/ evolved / it is
To that extent, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, this world evolved." [D.lll.80-6 -
xxvii.(Agganna). 1-7 ,10-12\
10 7
Exercise 20
English into Pali
p. 167
At that time Vesali (was) powerful and prosperous.
(kho pana) tena / samayena / Vesali / hoti / iddha / ca (eva) / phita (ca)
tena kho pana samayena Vesali iddha c'eva hoti phita ca
The geisha Ambapali was (hoti) beautiful, lovely, endowed with the highest
beauty-of-complexion.
ganika / Ambapali / hoti / abhirupa / dassanlya / samannagata /
paramaya / vanna-pokkharataya
Ambapali ca ganika abhirupa hoti dassanlya paramaya
vannapokkharataya samannagata,
(She was) skilled in dancing and singing and instrumental music.
padakkhina / nacce / ca / glte / ca / vadite (ca)
padakkhina nacce ca glte ca vadite ca.
Visited by (use genitive) aspiring men (she) went (present time) for a night for
fifty (kahapanas);
abhisata / atthikanam (atthikanam) / manussanam / gacchati.(ca) /
rattim / pannasaya
abhisata atthikanam atthikanam manussanam pannasaya ca rattim
gacchati;
and through her Vesali appeared (present tense) beautiful in still greater measure
(ablative).
ca / taya / Vesali / upasobhati / bhiyyoso-mattaya
taya ca Vesali bhiyyosomattaya upasobhati.
Then (add kho) a burgher ofRajagaha went (aorist) to Vesali on (ins.) some
business.
atha kho / negamo / Rajagahako / agamasi / Vesalim / kenaci-(d)-eva /
karanlyena
atha kho Rajagahako negamo Vesalim agamasi kenacideva karanlyena.
He saw Vesali powerful and prosperous, and the geisha Ambapali, and through
her Vesali appearing beautiful in still greater measure.
(negamo Rajagahako) / addasa (kho) / Vesalim / iddham / ca (eva) /
phitam / ca / ganikam / Ambapalinca / ca / taya / Vesalim /
upasobhantim / bhiyyoso-mattaya
108
addasa kho Rajagahako negamo Vesalim iddhanc'eva phitanca
Ambapalinca ganikam, taya ca Vesalim bhiyyosomattaya
upasobhantim.
Then (add kho) the burgher returned to Rajagaha.
atha (kho) / negamo / paccaganchi / Rajagaham
atha kho negamo Rajagaham paccaganchi.
He approached the king, Magadha Seniya Bimbisara, and having approached he
said this to the king:
upasankami (yena tena) /raja / Magadho / Seniyo / Bimbisaro /
upasankamitva / avoca / etad / rajanam (Magadham Seniyam
Bimbisaram)
yena raja Magadho Seniyo Bimbisaro ten' upasankami, upasankamitva
rajanam magadham seniyam bimbisaram etad avoca:
"Vesali, O king, (is) powerful and prosperous, etc., and through her Vesali
appears beautiful in still greater measure.
Vesali / deva / iddha / ca (eva) / phita (ca) / . . .pe. . . / ca / taya / Vesali /
upasobhati / bhiyyoso-mattaya
Vesali, deva, iddha c'eva phita ca . . .pe. . . taya ca Vesali bhiyyosomattaya
upasobhati.
(It would be) good, O king, (if) we too were to establish (optative of causative of
u(d)-(t)tha: vutthapeyy-) a geisha!"
sadhu / deva / mayam / pi / vutthapessama / ganikam / (ti)
sadhu, deva, mayampi ganikam vutthapessama" ti.
"Then (tena hi), I say, find out a girl whom you would establish (as) geisha!"
tena hi / bhane / janatha / kumarim (tadisim) / yam / tumhe /
vutthapeyyatha / ganikam / (ti)
tena hi, bhane, tadisim kumarim janatha yam tumhe ganikam
vutthapeyyatha ti.
Just at that time in Rajagaha there was (hoti) a girl named Salavati, beautiful,
lovely, endowed with the highest beauty-of-complexion.
(kho) pana / tena samayena / Rajagahe / hoti / kumarl / nama / Salavati
/ abhirupa / dassanlya / samannagata / paramaya vanna-
pokkharataya
tena kho pana samayena Rajagahe Salavati nama kumarl abhirupa hoti
dassanlya pasadika paramaya vannapokkharataya samannagata.
Then the burger established the girl Salavati as geisha.
atha (kho) / negamo / vutthapesi / kumarim / Salavatim / ganikam
atha kho negamo Salavatim kumarim ganikam vutthapesi.
Then Salavati soon became skilled in dancing, singing, and instrumental music.
109
atha kho / Salavati (ganika) / na cirassa (eva) / ahosi / padakkhina /
nacce (ca) / glte / ca / vadite (ca)
atha kho Salavatl ganika na cirass'eva padakkhina ahosi nacce ca glte ca
vadite ca.
Visited by aspiring men she went (present tense) for a night for a hundred.
abhisata / atthikanam (atthikanam) / manussanam / gacchati.(ca) /
rattim / patisatena
abhisata atthikanam atthikanam manussanam patisatena ca rattim
gacchati.
Then Salavatl soon became pregnant.
atha kho / Salavatl (ganika) / na cirassa (eva) / ahosi / gabbhini
atha kho Salavatl ganika na cirass'eva gabbhini ahosi.
Then Salavatl thought: "A pregnant woman (is) displeasing to men.
atha kho / Salavatiya (ganikaya) / etad ahosi / gabbhini / itthi (kho) /
amanapa / purisanam
atha kho Salavatiya ganikaya etad ahosi: itthi kho gabbhini purisanam
amanapa.
If anyone knows (future) I am pregnant (direct speech) all my entertainment will
be eliminated.
sace / koci / janissati / mam (Salavati ganika) / gabbhini (ti) / sabbo /
me / sakkaro / bhanjissati
sace mam koci janissati Salavati ganika gabbhiniti, sabbo me sakkaro
bhanjissati.
What now (if) I were to announce that I am ill (direct speech)?"
yam-nu-(n)-aham / pativedeyyan / gilanam / ti
yamnunaham gilanam pativedeyyan ti.
Then Salavatl ordered the porter: "Porter, I say, don't let any man enter (ma
with aorist 3 rd person), (he) who asks (about) me you must inform that I am
atha kho / Salavati (ganika) / anapesi / dovarikam / dovarika / bhane /
ma / pavisi / koci / puriso / yo (ca) / pucchati / mam / pativedehi /
gilana (ti) / ti
atha kho Salavati ganika dovarikam anapesi: ma, bhane dovarika, koci
puriso pavisi. yo ca mam pucchati, gilana ti pativedehi ti.
"Yes, lady," assented the porter to Salavatl the geisha.
evam / ayye (ti) (kho) / so / dovariko / paccassosi / Salavatiya /
ganikaya
evam, ayye ti kho so dovariko Salavatiya ganikaya paccassosi. [Vin.I.268-9 -
Vinaya / Mahavagga / Dutiyo bhago / 8 Clvarakkhandhakam 1-5 (202 Jlvakavatthu)]
110
Exercise 21
Passages for Reading
Passage 1
p. 276
evam vutte bhante Pttrano Kassapo mam etad avoca:
thus / said / venerable sir / Purana Kassapa / to me / this / spoke
When this was said, venerable sir, Purana Kassapa said to me:
karato kho maharaja karayato chindato chedapayato pacato pacayato socayato
socapayato kilamayato kilamapayato phandayato phandapayato
by one who harms / indeed / great king / by one who causes to be
harmed / by one who cuts / by one who causes to be cut / by one
who burns / by one who causes to be burnt / by one who brings grief
/ by one who causes one to bring grief / by one who makes weary /
by one who causes one to make weary / by one who makes tremble /
by one who causes one to make tremble
"Your majesty, by one who harms, cuts, burns, brings grief, makes
weary, or causes terror, or instigates others to do likewise;
panam atipatapayato adinnam adiyato sandhim chindato nillopam harato
ekagarikam karoto paripanthe titthato paradaram gacchato musa bhanato,
karoto na kanyati papatn.
living being / by one who causes to kill / not given / by one who causes
to take / breach / by one who cuts / plunder / by one who carries off
/ burglary / by the doer / in ambush / by one who stands / to
another's wife / by one who goes / falsely / by one who speaks / by
the doer / not / is done / evil
by one who causes killing, or who breaks and enters in order to steal, or
carries off plunder, or commits burglary, or lies in ambush, or commits
adultery, or speaks falsely; by the doer of all these no evil is committed.
khura-pariyantena ce pi cakkena yo imissa pathaviya pane eka-mamsa-khalam
eka-mamsa-puhjam kareyya,
by the razor-end / if / too / by the wheel / which / on this / earth /
living beings / single-flesh-threshing / single-flesh-heap / one would
make
And if, with a razor-sharp wheel, one made the living beings on this earth,
one single threshing and heap of flesh,
n atthi tato-nidanam papam, n atthi papassa agamo.
not / there is / thence-cause / evil / not / there is / to evil / coming
there is no evil caused by that, no evil has come.
Ill
dakkhinah ce pi Ganga-tiram agaccheyya hananto ghatento chindanto chedapento
pacanto pacento,
south / if / too / Ganges-bank / one would come / killing / slaying /
cutting / causing to be cut / burning / causing to be burnt
And if one came along the south bank of the Ganges, killing, slaying,
cutting, causing to be cut, burning, and causing to be burnt,
n' atthi tato-nidanam papam, n' atthi papassa agamo.
not / there is / thence-cause / evil / not / there is / to evil / coming
there is no evil caused by that, no evil has come.
uttarah ce pi Ganga-tiram gaccheyya dadanto dapento yajanto yajapento,
north / if / too / Ganges-bank / one would go / giving / causing to be
given / sacrificing / causing to be sacrificed
And if one went along the north bank of the Ganges, giving, causing to be
given, sacrificing, and causing to be sacrificed,
n' atthi tato-nidanam puhham, n' atthi puhhassa agamo.
not / there is / thence-cause / merit / not / there is / to merit / coming
there is no merit caused by that, nor coming to merit.
danena damena samyamena sacca-vajjena n atthi puhham, n' atthi puhhassa
agamo ti.
by giving / by restraint / by self-control / by truth-telling / not / there is
/merit / not / there is / to merit / coming / (end-quote)
There is no merit, nor coming to merit, through giving, restraint, self-
control, or telling the truth.
ittham kho me bhante Purano Kassapo sanditthikam samahha-phalam puttho
samano akiriyam vyakasi.
in this way / indeed / to me / venerable sir / Purana Kassapa / visible
here and now / asceticism-fruit / asked / same / absence of morally
significant action / he explained
Thus, Venerable Sir, when asked in the same way by me about the fruits
of the ascetic life, Purana Kassapa explained the absence of morally
significant action. [D.I.52-3 - u.{Samannaphala).17-18]
112
Passage 2
p. 177
atha kho te Vasettha sattd rasa-pathavim paribhunjanta tam-bhakkha tad-ahara
dram digham addhanam atthamsu.
then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / essence-
earth / eating / this-feeding / that-food / for a long time / long /
period / they stayed
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings remained eating this earth-
essence and feeding on it as their food for a very long time.
yathd yatha kho te Vasettha sattd rasa-pathavim paribhunjanta tam-bhakkha tad-
ahara dram digham addhanam atthamsu,
just as / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / essence-
earth / relishing / this-feeding on / that-food / for a long time / long /
period / they remained
And, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, just as these beings remained relishing this
earth-essence and feeding on it as their food for a very long time,
tatha tatha tesam sattanam kharattah c' eva kayasmim okkami, vanna-vevannatd
ca pannayittha.
just so / to these / to the beings / roughness / and / just / in the body /
developed / colour-discolouration / and / was discerned
just so a coarseness developed in their bodies and good and bad-looking
appeared.
ek' idatn sattd vannavanto honti, ek' idatn sattd dubbanna.
some / here / beings / beautiful / were / some / here / beings / ugly
Some of the beings here were beautiful and others ugly,
tattha ye te sattd vannavanto, te dubbanne satte atimahhanti.
there / who-ever / beings / beautiful / these / ugly / beings / they
despise
and those beings that were beautiful despised the ugly ones, thinking,
mayam etehi vannavantatara, amheh' ete dubbannatara ti.
we / than these / more beautiful / than us 7 these / uglier / (end-quote)
"We are more beautiful than them; they are uglier than us."
tesam vann-atimana-paccaya mdn-dtimdna-jdtikdnam rasa-pathavi antaradhayi.
for those / colour-conceit-condition / for pride-conceit-natured / essence-
earth / disappeared
Due to the arrogance of beauty, the earth-essence disappeared for those
who were proud and conceited by nature.
113
rasaya pathaviya antarahitaya sannipatimsu, sannipatitva anutthunimsu, aho
rasam, aho rasan ti.
on the essence / on the earth / on the disappearance / they assembled /
having assembled / they lamented / oh / taste / oh / taste / (end-
quote)
On account of the disappearance of the earth-essence, they assembled
together, and lamented, "Oh, the taste! Oh, the taste."
tad etarahi pi manussa kin cid eva sadhu rasam labhitva evam ahamsu, aho
rasam, aho rasan ti.
so / now / too / people / whatever / surely / good / taste / having
received / thus / they say / oh / taste / oh / taste / (end-quote)
So even now, people say on obtaining any good taste, "Oh, the taste! Oh,
the taste!"
tad eva poranam aggahham akkharam anupatanti, na tv ev' assa attham ajananti.
so / surely / ancient tradition / primary / expression / they follow / not
/ but / even / of it / meaning / they understand
and they follow an ancient primeval tradition without even understanding
its meaning.
atha kho tesam Vasettha sattanam rasaya pathaviya antarahitaya bhumi-
pappatako paturahosi.
then / indeed / to these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / of the
essence / of the earth / on the disappearance / earth-fungus / was
manifest
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, on the disappearance of the earth-
essence, an earth fungus appeared to these beings,
seyyatha pi nama ahicchattako, evam evam paturahosi.
just as / too / indeed / mushroom / thus / was manifest
in the same way that a mushroom appears.
so ahosi vanna-sampanno gandha-sampanno rasa-sampanno.
it / was / colour-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed /
It was endowed with colour, smell, and taste;
seyyatha pi nama sampannam vd sappi sampannam vd navamtam, evam-vanno
ahosi.
just as / too / indeed / endowed / or / ghee / endowed / or / butter /
of such-colour / it was
it was the colour of ghee or butter,
seyyatha pi nama khuddam madhu anelakam, evam-assado ahosi.
just as / too / indeed / wild honey / sweet / pure / of such-taste / it was
and it had a taste like the sweetness of pure wild honey.
atha kho te Vasettha satta bhumi-pappatakam upakkamimsu paribhunjitum.
then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / earth-
fungus / they began / to eat
So, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings began to eat the earth-fungus.
114
te tarn paribhunjanta tam-bhakkha tad-ahara dram digham addhanam atthamsu.
these / this / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / for a long time /
long period / they remained
and, relishing it they remained feeding on this food for a very long time.
yathd yatha kho te Vasettha satta bhumi-pappatakam paribhunjanta tam-
bhakkha tad-ahara dram digham addhanam atthamsu,
just as / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / earth-
fungus / relishing / this-feeding on / that-food / for a long time / long
period / they remained
And, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, just as these beings remained relishing this
earth-fungus and feeding on it as their food for a very long time,
tatha tatha tesam sattanam bhiyyoso mattaya kharattah c'eva kayasmim okkami,
vanna-vevannata ca pannayittha.
just so / to these / to the beings / more / by measure / roughness / and
/ just / in the body / developed / colour-discolouration / and / were
discerned
just so an even greater measure of coarseness developed in their bodies
and good and bad-looking appeared.
ek' idatn satta vannavanto honti, ek'idam satta dubbanna.
some / here / beings / beautiful / were / some 7 here / beings / ugly
Some of the beings here were beautiful and others ugly,
tattha ye te satta vannavanto, te dubbanne satte atimahhanti.
there / who-ever / beings / beautiful / these / ugly / beings / they
despise
and those beings that were beautiful despised the ugly ones, thinking,
mayam etehi vannavantatara, amheh' ete dubbannatara ti.
we / than these / more beautiful / than us / these / uglier / (end-quote)
"We are more beautiful than them; they are uglier than us."
tesam vann-atimana-paccaya mdn-dtimdna-jdtikanam bhumi-pappatako
antaradhayi.
for those / colour-conceit-condition / for pride-conceit-natured / earth-
fungus / disappeared
Due to the arrogance of beauty, the earth-fungus disappeared for those
who were proud and conceited by nature.
bhumi-pappatake antarahite badalata paturahosi.
earth-fungus / on the disappearance / creeper / appeared
And on the disappearance of the earth-fungus a creeper appeared,
seyyatha pi nama kalambuka, evam evam paturahosi.
just as / too / indeed / mushroom j thus / was manifest
in the same way that the kalumbuka creeper appears.
115
sa ahosi vanna-sampanna gandha-sampanna rasa-sampanna.
it / was / colour-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed /
It was endowed with colour, smell, and taste;
seyyatha pi nama sampannam vd sappi sampannam vd navamtam evam-vanna
ahosi.
just as / too / indeed / endowed / or / ghee / endowed / or / butter /
of such-colour / it was
it was the colour of ghee or butter,
seyyatha pi nama khuddam madhu anelakam, evam-assada ahosi.
just as / too / indeed / wild honey / sweet / pure / of such-taste / it was
and it had a taste like the sweetness of pure wild honey.
atha kho te Vasettha satta badalatam upakkamimsu paribhunjitum.
then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / creeper /
they began / to eat
So, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings began to eat the creeper,
te tarn paribhunjanta tam-bhakkha tad-ahara dram digham addhanam atthamsu.
these / this / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / for a long time /
long period / they remained
and relishing it they remained feeding on this food for a very long time.
yathd yatha kho te Vasettha satta badalatam paribhunjanta tam-bhakkha tad-
ahara . pe.
in as much as / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings /
creeper / relishing / this-feeding on / that-food / etc.
And, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, as these beings remained relishing this
creeper and feeding on it as their food ... etc.
badalataya antarahitaya sannipatimsu, sannipatitva anutthunimsu, ahu vata no,
ahayi vata no badalata ti.
of the creeper / of the earth / by the disappearance / they assembled /
having assembled / they lamented / it was / alas / for us / it is gone /
alas / for us / creeper / (end-quote)
On account of the disappearance of the creeper, they assembled together,
and lamented, "Oh, alas! Oh, alas! We had the creeper and now it is
gone!"
tad etarahi pi manussa kena cid eva dukkha-dhammena phuttha evam ahamsu:
ahu vata no, ahayi vata no ti.
so / now / too / people / something / surely / by bad-thing / touched /
thus / they say / it was / alas / for us / it is gone / alas / for us / (end-
quote)
So even now, people say on experiencing something bad, "Oh, alas! Oh,
alas! We had it and now it is gone!"
116
tad eva poranam aggahham akkharam anupatanti, na tv ev' assa attham ajananti.
so / surely / ancient tradition / primary / expression / they follow / not
/ but / even / of it / meaning / they understand
and they follow an ancient primeval tradition without even understanding
its meaning.
atha kho tesam Vasettha sattanam badalataya antarahitaya akattha-pako sali
paturahosi, akano athuso su-gandho tandula-pphalo.
then / indeed / to these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / of the
creeper / on the disappearance / uncultivated-ripe / rice / was
manifest / without red dust coating / without husk / good-scent /
husked rice-fruit
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, on the disappearance of the creeper,
uncultivated, fragrant, husked rice, without the red dust coating and
ready to cook, appeared to these beings.
yam tarn sayam sayamasaya aharanti, pato tarn hoti pakkam pativirulham.
whichever / in the evening / for the evening meal / they bring / in the
morning / that / is / ripe / grown again
Whatever they brought in the evening for the evening meal, that was
grown again and ripe by the morning,
yam tarn pato patarasaya aharanti, sayam tarn hoti pakkam pativirulham,
napadanam pahhayati.
whichever / in the morning / for the morning meal / they bring / in the
evening / that / is / ripe / grown again / not-harvesting / is discerned
and whatever they brought in the morning for the morning meal, that
was grown again and ripe by the evening, and no harvesting was
necessary.
atha kho te Vasettha sattd akattha-pakam salim paribhunjanta tam-bhakkha tad-
ahara . pe. vannavevannata ca pannayittha.
then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings /
uncultivated-ripe / rice / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / etc. /
colour-discolouration / and / were discerned
So, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings, relishing the uncultivated, ripe
rice and feeding on it as their food . . . etc. . . . and good and bad-looking
were discerned.
itthiya ca itthi-lihgam paturahosi, purisassa ca purisa-lihgam.
for a woman / and / woman-characteristic / appeared / for a man / and
/ man-characteristic
In the women female characteristics appeared, and in the men male
characteristics.
itthi ca sudam ativelam purisam upanijjhdyati, puriso ca itthim.
woman / and / even / excessively / man / thinks about / man / and /
woman
As women thought excessively about men, so men did about women.
117
tesam ativelam ahham-ahham upanijjhayatam sarago udapadi, parilaho
kayasmim okkami.
to them / excessively / one another / thinking about / passion / arose /
lust / in the body / arose within
and due to excessive thinking about one another, passion developed and
lust arose in their bodies,
te parilaha-paccaya methunam dhammam patisevimsu.
these / by the lust-condition / sex / thing / they indulged
and because of this lust, they indulged in sexual intercourse.
ye kho pana te Vasettha tena samayena satta passanti methunam dhammam
patisevante, ahhe pamsum khipanti, ahhe setthim khipanti, ahhe gomayam
khipanti.
whoever / indeed / but / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / at that /
time / beings / they saw / sex / thing / indulging / others / dirt /
throw / others / ash / throw / others / cow dung / throw
But, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, when other beings saw them indulging in
sexual intercourse, some threw dirt, others threw ash, and others threw
cow-dung,
nassa asuci, nassa asucT ti.
perish / impure one / perish / impure one / (end-quote)
saying, "Perish, impure one! Perish impure one!"
katham hi nama satto sattassa eva-rupam karissati ti.
how / for / indeed / being / to a being / such-form / one will do / (end-
quote)
and, "How could one do such a thing to another?"
tad etarahi pi manussa ekaccesu janapadesu vadhuya nibbuyhamandya ahhe
pamsum khipanti, ahhe setthim khipanti, ahhe gomayam khipanti.
so / now / too / human beings / in some / countries / brides / being led
out / others / dirt / throw / others / ash / throw / others / cow dung
/ throw
So even now people in some countries, as brides are being led out, some
throw dirt, others throw ash, and others throw cow-dung.
tad eva poranam aggahham akkharam anupatanti, na tv ev' assa attham ajananti.
so / surely / ancient tradition / primary / expression / they follow / not
/ even / of it / meaning / they understand
And they follow an ancient primeval tradition without understanding its
meaning.
adhamma-sammatam kho pana Vasettha tena samayena hoti, tad etarahi
dhamma-sammatam.
unrighteous-considered / indeed / but / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / at
that / time / it is / so / now / righteous-considered
However, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, what was considered at that time
improper conduct is now considered proper conduct.
118
ye kho pana Vasettha tena samayena satta methunam dhammam patisevanti, te
masam pi dvemasam pi na labhanti gamam vd nigamam vd pavisitum.
whoever / indeed / but / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / at that / time /
beings / sex / thing / they indulge in / they / for a month / too / for
two months / not / they obtain / village / or / town / or / to enter
But at that time, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, those beings who indulged in
sexual intercourse were not permitted to enter the village or town for a
month or two.
yato kho Vasettha te satta tasmim samaye asaddhamme ativelam patavyatam
apajiimsu,
since / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / those / beings / in that /
occasion / in immorality / excessively / indulgence / they had
Since, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, those beings indulged excessively in that
immoral behaviour,
atha agarani upakkamimsu katum tass' eva asaddhammassa paticchadan-attham.
then / houses / they began / to build / of that / just / immorality /
covering-reason
they began to build houses in order to hide that immorality.
atha kho Vasettha ahhatarassa sattassa alasa-jatikassa etad ahosi:
then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / to a certain / being / of lazy-
nature / this / it was
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, it occurred to a certain lazy-natured
being,
ambho, kim ev-aham vihahhami salim aharanto sayam sayam-asaya pato pata-
rasaya.
sir / why / just-I / I am troubled / rice / bringing / evening / evening-
meal / morning / morning-meal
"Hey, why do I bother myself bringing rice in the evening for the evening
meal, and in the morning for the morning meal?
yan nu-n-aham salim ahareyyam sakid eva saya-patar-asaya ti.
what / is it-not-I / rice / I would bring / once / just / evening-morning-
meal / (end-quote)
What if I just gather rice once for both the evening and morning meals?"
atha kho so Vasettha satto salim ahasi sakid eva sayapatarasaya.
then / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / being / rice / brought
/ once / just / evening-morning-meal
And so, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, this being gathered rice just once for
both the evening and morning meals.
atha kho Vasettha ahhataro satto yena so satto ten' upasahkami; upasahkamitva
tarn sattam etad avoca:
then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / a certain / being / towards /
this / being / there / he approached / having approached / to that /
being / this / he said
And later when another being came up to this being and said to him.
119
ehi bho satta sal-aharam gamissama ti.
come / sir / being / rice-gathering / let us go / (end-quote)
"Come on, friend, let's go rice gathering,"
alam bho satta ahato me sali sakid eva sayapatarasaya ti.
enough / friend / being / gathered / by me / rice / once / just /
evening-morning-meal / (end-quote)
he replied. No, friend, enough rice has already been gathered by me for
both the evening and morning meals."
atha kho so Vasettha satto tassa sattassa ditth-anugatim apajjamano salim ahasi
sakid eva dvihaya, evam pi kira bho, sadhu ti.
then / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / being / of that / being
/ seen-imitation / acquiring / rice / gathered / once / just / for two
days / thus / too / really / sir / good / (end-quote)
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, this being in imitation of the view of the
other being gathered rice just once for two days, thinking, "Friend, this
is a really good idea."
atha kho Vasettha ahhataro satto yena so satto ten' upasahkami, upasahkamitva
tam sattam etad avoca:
then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / a certain / being / towards /
this / being / there / he approached / having approached / to that /
being / this / he said
And later when another being came up to this being and said to him,
ehi bho satta sal-aharam gamissama ti.
come / sir / being / rice-gathering / let us go / (end-quote)
"Come on, friend, let's go rice gathering,"
alam bho satta ahato me sali sakid eva dvihaya ti.
enough / friend / being / gathered / by me / rice / once / just / for two
days / (end-quote)
he replied. No, friend, enough rice has already been gathered by me for
two days."
atha kho so Vasettha satto tassa sattassa ditthanugatim apajjamano salim ahasi
sakid eva catuhaya, evam pi kira bho sadhu ti.
then / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / being / of that / being
/ seen-imitation / acquiring / rice / gathered / once / just / for four
days / thus / too / really / sir / good / (end-quote)
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, this being in imitation of the view of the
other being gathered rice just once for four days, thinking, "Friend, this
is a really good idea."
atha kho Vasettha ahhataro satto yena so satto ten' upasahkami, upasahkamitva
tam sattam etadavoca:
then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / a certain / being / towards /
this / being / there / he approached / having approached / to that /
being / this / he said
And later when another being came up to this being and said to him.
120
ehi bho satta sal-aharam gamissama ti.
come / sir / being / rice-gathering / let us go / (end-quote)
"Come on, friend, let's go rice gathering,"
alam bho satta ahato me sali sakid eva catuhaya ti.
enough / friend / being / gathered / by me / rice / once / just / for four
days / (end-quote)
he replied. No, friend, enough rice has already been gathered by me for
four days."
atha kho so Vasettha satto tassa sattassa ditthanugatim apajjamano salim ahasi
sakid eva atthahaya, evam pi kira bho sadhii ti.
then / indeed / this / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / being / of that / being
/ seen-imitation / acquiring / rice / gathered / once / just / for eight
days / thus / too / really / sir / good / (end-quote)
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, this being in imitation of the view of the
other being gathered rice just once for eight days, thinking, "Friend,
this is a really good idea."
yato kho te Vasettha satta sannidhi-karakam salim upakkamimsu paribhunjitum
atha kano pi tandulam variyonandhi, thuso pi tandulam pariyonandhi,
since / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / store-
maker / rice / they go into / to eat / then / red rice powder / too /
rice kernel / it covered over / husk / too / rice kernel / it covered
Siroreg Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings got into eating stored rice, a
red powder and husk covered over the rice kernel,
lunam pi nappativirulham apadanam pannayittha, sanda-sanda saliyo atthamsu.
reaped / too / not grown again / harvesting / it was discerned / in
clusters / rice / they stood
reaped rice did not re-grow, harvesting was discerned, and the rice grew
in clusters.
atha kho te Vasettha satta sannipatimsu sannipatitva anutthunimsu papaka vata
bho dhamma sattesu patubhuta,
then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / they
assembled / having assembled / they lamented / evil / alas! / friend /
things / among beings / appeared
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings assembled and lamented,
"Alas! Evil things have appeared among us.
mayam hi pubbe mano-maya ahumha pitibhakkha sayam-pabha antalikkha-cara
subha-tthayino, ciratn dtgham addhanam atthamha.
we / for / formerly / mind-made / we were / rapture-feeding / self-
luminous / sky-moving / lustre-remaining / for a long time / long /
period / we stayed
For formerly we were mind-made, feeding on rapture, self-luminous,
moving through the sky, lustrous, and we stayed that way for a very
long time.
121
tesam no amhakam kadaci karahaci dtghassa addhuno accayena rasa-pathavi
udakasmim samatani.
for them / us / for us / at any time / at some time / of long / time /
after the lapse of / essence- earth / on the water / evenness
And at some time for us after a long period of time, earth-essence spread
evenly over the water.
sa ahosi vanna-sampanna gandha-sampanna rasa-sampanna.
it / was / colour-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed /
It was endowed with colour, smell, and taste.
te mayam rasa-pathavim hatthehi alumpa-kdrakam upakkamimha paribhunjitum,
those / we / essence-earth / with hands / piece-making / we began / to
eat
We began to eat the earth-essence by breaking pieces with our hands,
tesam no rasa-pathavim hatthehi alumpa-kdrakam upakkamatam paribhunjitum
sayam-pabha antaradhayi.
to those / to us / essence-earth / with hands / piece-making / began / to
eat / self-luminosity / disappeared
and when we did this, our self-luminosity disappeared.
sayam-pabhaya antarahitaya candima-suriya paturahesum.
self-luminosity / with the disappearance / moon-sun / were manifest
And when our self-luminosity was lost, the sun and moon were made
manifest;
candima-suriyesu patubhutesu, nakkhattani tarakdrupani paturahesum.
with moon-sun / with the manifestation / constellations / stars / were
manifest
with the manifestation of the sun and moon, constellations and stars were
made manifest;
nakkhattesu tarakarupesu patubhutesu, rattin-diva pahhdyim.su.
with constellations / with stars / with the manifestation / night-day /
they appeared
with the manifestation of the constellations and stars, night and day
appeared;
rattin-divesu pahhayamanesu, mas-addha-masa pahhdyim.su.
with night-days / with appearing / months-half-months / they appeared
with the appearance of night and day, months and fortnights appeared;
mas-addha-masesu pahhayamanesu, utu-samvacchara pahhdyim.su.
with months-half-months / with appearing / seasons-years / they
appeared
with the appearance of months and fortnights, seasons and years
appeared;
122
te mayam rasa-pathavim paribhunjanta tam-bhakkha tad-ahara dram digham
addhanam atthamha,
those / we / essence-earth / eating / this-feeding / that-food / for a long
time / long / period / we stayed
and we remained eating this earth-essence and feeding on it as our food
for a very long time,
tesam no papakanam neva akusaldnam dhammanam patubhava rasa-pathavT
antaradhayi.
to thse / to us / of evil / also / of unwholesome / of things / appearance
/ essence-earth / disappearance
and on account of the evil, unwholesome things among us, the earth-
essence disappeared.
rasa-pathaviya antarahitaya bhumi-pappatako paturahosi.
of the essence-earth / on the disappearance / earth-fungus / was
Omtheidesippearance of the earth-essence, an earth fungus appeared.
so ahosi vanna-sampanno gandha-sampanno rasa-sampanno.
it / was / colour-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed /
It was endowed with colour, smell, and taste.
te mayam bhumi-pappatakam upakkamimha paribhunjitum.
those / we / earth-fungus / we began / to eat
We began to eat the earth-fungus,
te mayam tarn paribhunjanta tambhakkha tadahara dram digham addhanam
atthamha.
those / we / this / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / for a long time
/ long period / we remained
and, relishing it we remained feeding on this food for a very long time,
tesam no papakanam neva akusaldnam dhammanam patubhava bhumi-
pappatako antaradhayi.
to those / to us / of evil / also / of unwholesome / of things /
appearance / earth-fungus / disappearance
and on account of the evil, unwholesome things among us, the earth-
fungus disappeared.
bhumi-pappatake antarahite badalata paturahosi.
earth-fungus / on the disappearance / creeper / appeared
And on the disappearance of the earth-fungus a creeper appeared.
sa ahosi vanna-sampanna gandha-sampanna rasa-sampanna.
it / was / colour-endowed / smell-endowed / taste-endowed /
It was endowed with colour, smell, and taste;
te mayam badalatam upakkamimha paribhunjitum.
those / we / creeper / we began / to eat
and we began to eat the creeper.
123
te mayam tarn paribhunjanta tam-bhakkha tad-ahara dram digham addhanam
atthamha.
those / we / this / relishing / this-feeding on / this-food / for a long time
/ long period / we remained
and relishing it we remained feeding on this food for a very long time.
tesam no papakanam neva akusalanam dhammanam patubhava badalata
antaradhayi.
to those / to us / of evil / also / of unwholesome / of things /
appearance / creeper / disappearance
And on account of the evil, unwholesome things among us, the creeper
disappeared.
badalataya antarahitaya akattha-pako sali paturahosi, akano athuso suddho su-
gandho tandula-pphalo.
of the creeper / on the disappearance / uncultivated-ripe / rice / was
manifest / without red dust coating / without husk / pure / good-
scent / husked rice-fruit
On the disappearance of the creeper, pure, ripe, uncultivated, fragrant,
husked rice, without the red dust coating and ready to cook, appeared.
yan tam say am sayamasaya aharama pato tam hoti pakkatn pativirulham.
whichever / in the evening / for the evening meal / we bring / in the
morning / that / is / ripe / grown again
Whatever we brought in the evening for the evening meal, that was
grown again and ripe by the morning,
yan tam pato patarasaya aharama, sayan tam hoti pakkatn pativirulham
napadanatn pannayittha.
whichever / in the morning / for the morning meal / we bring / in the
evening / that / is / ripe / grown again / not-harvesting / is discerned
and whatever we brought in the morning for the morning meal, that was
grown again and ripe by the evening, and no harvesting was
necessary.
te mayam akattha-pakam salim paribhunjanta tam-bhakkha tad-ahara dram
digham addhanam atthamha.
those / we / uncultivated-ripe / rice / relishing / this-feeding on / this-
food / for a long time / long period / we remained
And relishing the uncultivated, ripe rice we remained feeding on it as our
food for a very long time.
124
tesam no papakanam heva akusalanam dhammanam patubhava kano pi
tandulam pariyonandhi, thuso pi tandulam pariyonandhi, lunam pi na
pativirulham, apadanam pannayittha, sanda-sanda saliyo thita.
to those / to us / of evii / also / of unwholesome / of things /
appearance / red rice powder / too / rice kernel / it covered over /
husk / too / rice kernel / it covered over / reaped / too / not / grown
again / harvesting / it was discerned / in clusters / rice / stood
And on account of the evil, unwholesome things among us, a red powder
and husk covered over the rice kernel, reaped rice did not re-grow,
harvesting was discerned, and the rice stood in clusters.
yan nuna mayam salim vibhajeyyama, mariyadam thapeyyama ti.
what if / we / rice / we would divide / boundary / we would establish /
(end-quote)
Why don't we divide the rice and establish boundaries?"
atha kho te Vasettha satta salim vibhajimsu, mariyadam thapesum.
then / indeed 7 those / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / rice / they
divided / boundary / they established
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings divided the rice and
established boundaries.
atha kho Vasettha ahhataro satto lola-jatiko sakam bhagam parirakkhanto
ahhataram bhagam adinnam adiyitva paribhuhji.
then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / a certain / being / wanton-
nature / own / share / protecting / a certain / share / not given /
having taken / he ate
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, a certain wanton being, guarding his own
share, took the share of another that hadn't been given and ate it.
tarn enam aggahesum, gahetva etad avocum: papakam vata bho satta karosi, yatra
hi nama sakam bhagam parirakkhanto ahhataram bhagam adinnam adiyitva
paribhunjasi.
then / that one / they seized / having seized / this / they said / evil /
alas! / sir / being / you do / in as much as / own / share / protecting
/ a certain / share / not given / having taken / you ate
So they seized that one and said to him: "Alas, sir! You have done wrong
when, guarding your own share, you took the share of another that
hadn't been given and ate it
ma ssu bho satta puna pi evarupam akasT ti.
do not / even / sir / being / again / such-thing / you do / (end-quote)
Never again do such a thing!"
evam bho ti kho Vasettha so satto tesam sattanam paccassosi.
yes / sir / (end-quote) / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / this /
being / to these / beings / assented
"Yes, sir," this being assented to the others.
125
dutiyam pi kho Vasettha so satto . . .pe. . . tatiyam pi kho Vasettha so satto sakatn
bhagam parirakkhanto ahhataram bhagam adinnam adiyitva paribhunji.
a second time / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / this / being / ...
etc. . . . / a third time / this / being / own / share / protecting / a
certain / share / not given / having taken / he ate
Vasettha and Bharadvaja, a second time this being . . . etc. . . . and a third
time this being, guarding his own share, took the share of another that
hadn't been given and ate it.
tam enam aggahesum, aggahetva etad avocutn: papakam vata bho satta karosi,
yatra hi nama sakam bhagam parirakkhanto ahhataram bhagam adinnam
adiyitva paribhunjasi.
then / that one / they seized / having seized / this / they said / evil /
alas! / sir / being / you do / in as much as / own / share / protecting
/ a certain / share / not given / having taken / you ate
So they seized that one and said to him: "Alas, sir! You have done wrong
when, guarding your own share, you took the share of another that
hadn't been given and ate it
md ssu bho satta puna pi evaruvam akasi ti.
do not / even / sir / being / again / such-thing / you do / (end-quote)
Never again do such a thing!"
ahhe panina paharimsu, ahhe ledduna paharimsu, ahhe dandena paharimsu.
others / by hand / they hit / others / by clod / they hit / others / by
stick / they hit
Some struck him with their hands, others with clods, and yet others with
sticks.
tad agge kho Vasettha adinn-adanam pahhayati, garaha pahhayati, musa-vado
pahhayati, danda-danam pahhayati.
since then / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / not given- taking / is
discerned / accusation / is discerned / false-speech / is discerned /
stick-giving / is discerned
From then on, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, theft appeared, accusation
appeared, lying appeared, and punishment appeared.
atha kho te Vasettha satta sannipatimsu, sannipatitva anutthunimsu, papaka
vata bho dhamma sattesu patubhuta,
then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / they
assembled / having assembled / they lamented / evil / alas! / friend /
things / among beings / appeared
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings assembled and lamented,
"Alas! Evil things have appeared among us.
yatra hi nama adinn-adanam pahhayati, garaha pahhayati, musa-vado
pahhayati, danda-danam pahhayati,
in as much as / not given-taking / is discerned / accusation / is discerned
/ false-speech / is discerned / stick-giving / is discerned
Since theft has appeared, accusation has appeared, lying has appeared,
and punishment has appeared.
126
yan nuna mayam ekam sattam sammanneyyama.
what if / we / one / being / we would elect
why don't we elect one being among us
so no samma-khiyitabbam khiyeyya, samma-garahitabbam garaheyya,
sammapabbajetabbam pabbajeyya.
he / for us / rightly-ought to be indignant / he would be indignant /
rightly-ought to be accused / he would acccuse / rightly-ought to be
banished / he would banish
who would become indignant over what rightly ought to cause
indignation, accuse whomever rightly ought to be accused, and banish
whomever rightly ought to be banished.
mayam pan' assa salinam bhagam anuppadassama ti.
we / moreover / to him / rice / share / we will grant / (end-quote)
Moreover we would grant to him a share of the rice."
atha kho te Vasettha sattd yo nesam satto abhiriipa-taro ca dassaniya-taro ca
pasadika-taro ca mahesakkha-taro ca, tarn sattam upasahkamitva etad avocum:
then / indeed / these / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / beings / which /
among them / being / handsome-more / and / beautiful-more / and
/ pleasing-more / and / capable-more / and / that / being / having
approached / this / they said
Then, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, these beings approached the being
among them who was the most handsome, beautiful, pleasing, and
capable, and said this:
ehi bho satta, samma-khiyitabbam khiya, samma-garahitabbam garaha, sammd-
come / friend / being / rightly-ought to be indignant / be indignant /
rightly-ought to be accused / acccuse / rightly-ought to be banished /
banish
"Come, friend, become indignant over what rightly ought to cause
indignation, accuse whomever rightly ought to be accused, and banish
whomever rightly ought to be banished.
mayam pana te salinam bhagam anuppadassama ti.
we / however / to you / rice / share / we will grant / (end-quote)
and we will grant to you a share of the rice."
evam bho ti kho Vasettha so satto tesam sattanam patissutva,
thus / sir / (end-quote) / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / this /
being / to those / beings / having assented
"Yes, sir," this being assented to the others, and then
127
sammakhiyitabbam khiyi, sammagarahitabbam garahi, sammapabbajetabbam
pabbajesi.
rightly-ought to be indignant / he was indignant / rightly-ought to be
accused / he acccused / rightly-ought to be banished / he banished
he became indignant over what rightly ought to cause indignation,
accused whomever rightly ought to be accused, and banished
whomever rightly ought to be banished,
te pan' assa salinam bhagam anuppadamsu.
they / however / to him / rice / share / they granted
and they thus granted to him a share of the rice."
maha-jana-sammato ti kho Vasettha maha-sammato, maha-sammato tv eva
pathamam akkharam upanibbattam.
great-people-elected / (end-quote) / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja)
/ great-elect / great-elect / indeed / first / expression / derived
"Elected by the people" is the meaning of mahasammata, Vasettha and
Bharadvaja, and mahasammata is indeed the first expression to be
derived.
khettanam patT ti kho Vasettha khattiyo, khattiyo tv eva dutiyam akkharam
upanibbattam.
of the fields / lord / (end-quote) / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) /
khattiya / khattiya / indeed / second / expression / derived
"Lord of the fields" is the meaning of khattiya, Vasettha and Bharadvaja,
and khattiya is indeed the second expression to be derived.
dhammena pare rahjeti ti kho Vasettha raja, raja tv eva tatiyam akkharam
upanibbattam.
by righteousness / others / he brings delight / (end-quote) / indeed /
Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / raja / raja / indeed / third / expression /
derived
"He brings delight to others through righteousness" is the meaning of
raja, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, and raja is indeed the third expression to
be derived.
iti kho Vasettha evam etassa khattiya-mandalassa poranena aggahhena akkharena
abhinibbatti ahosi.
thus / indeed / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / thus / of this / khattiya-drcle
/ with ancient / with primeval / with expression / production / there
was
Thus, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, there was the emergence of the Khattiya
class along with these ancient and primeval expressions;
tesam heva sattanam anahhesam sadisanam heva no asadisanam dhammen' eva
no adhammena.
among these / also / of beings / not other / of like / also / not / of
unlike / righteously / just / not / unrighteously
among these very beings, not others; like ourselves, not unlike;
righteously, not unrighteously.
128
dhammo hi Vasettha setthojan' etasmim ditthe c eva dhamme abhisamparayan
ca.
Dhamma / for / Vasettha (and Bharadvaja) / best / generation / in this /
in this very life (ditth' eva dhamme ) / and / in the future / and
For, Vasettha and Bharadvaja, Dhamma is the very best in this generation
both in this very life and in the future. [D.III.86-93 - xxvii.(Agganna). 11-21]
Passage 3
p. 182
bhutapubbam imasmim yeva bhikkhu-sanghe ahhatarassa bhikkhuno evam cetaso
parivitakko udapadi:
in the past / in this / just / monk-community / of a certain / monk / thus
/ in the mind / thought / arose
In the past, in just this community of monks, a thought arose in the mind
of a certain monk:
kattha nu kho ime cattaro mahabhutd aparisesa nirujjhanti, seyyathidam pathavT-
dhatu apo-dhatu tejo-dhatu vayo-dhatu ti.
where / do / indeed / these / four / great elements / without remainder
/ cease / namely / earth-element / water-element / fire-element / air-
element / (end-quote)
"Indeed, where do these four great elements, that is, the earth, water, fire,
and air elements, cease without remainder?"
atha kho so bhikkhu tatharupam samadhim samdpajji yatha samahite citte deva-
yaniyo maggo paturahosi.
then / indeed / this / monk / such / concentration / attained / as / in
concentrated / mind / deva-leading to / path / appeared
Then this monk attained such a level of concentration that through his
concentrated mind a path leading to the devas appeared.
atha kho so bhikkhu yena Catu-maha-rajikd deva ten' upasankami,
upasankamitva Catu-maha-rdjike deve etad avoca:
then / indeed / this / monk / towards / four-great-kings / devas / that
way / he approached / having approached / to the four-great-kings /
devas / this / he said
Then, this monk approached the devas of the Four Great Kings and,
drawing near, he said to them:
kattha nu kho avuso ime cattaro mahabhutd aparisesa nirujjhanti, seyyathidam
pathavi-dhatu apo-dhatu tejo-dhatu vayo-dhatu ti.
where / do / indeed / friends / these / four / great elements / without
remainder / cease / namely / earth-element / water-element / fire-
element / air-element / (end-quote)
"Friends, where do these four great elements, that is, the earth, water,
fire, and air elements, cease without remainder?"
129
evam vutte Cdtu-maha-rajika deva tam bhikkhum etad avocum:
thus / said / four-great-kings / devas / this / monk / thus / said
When this was said, the devas of the Four Great Kings replied to this
monk:
mayam pi kho, bhikkhu, na janama yatth' ime cattaro mahabhutd aparisesa
nirujjhanti, seyyathidam pathavi-dhatu apo-dhatu tejo-dhatu vayo-dhatu.
we / too / indeed / monk / not / we know / where / these / four /
great elements / without remainder / cease / namely / earth-element
/ water-element / fire-element / air-element
"Monk, we also do not know where these four great elements, that is, the
earth, water, fire, and air elements, cease without remainder.
atthi kho bhikkhu cattaro Maharaja amhehi abhikkanta-tara ca panitatara ca.
there are / indeed / monk / four / great kings / than us / advanced-
more / and / excellent-more / and
There are, monk, the Four Great Kings, who are more advanced and
excellent than us.
te kho evam jdneyyum, yatth' ime cattaro mahabhutd aparisesa nirujjhanti
seyyathidam pathavi-dhatu apo-dhatu tejo-dhatu vayo-dhatu ti.
they / indeed / thus / might know / where / these / four / great
elements / without remainder / cease / namely / earth-element /
water-element / fire-element / air-element / (end-quote)
Indeed they might know where these four great elements, that is, the
earth, water, fire, and air elements, cease without remainder."
atha kho so bhikkhu yena cattaro Maha-raja ten' upasankami, upasankamitva
cattaro Maha-raje etad avoca:
then / indeed / this / monk / towards / four / great-kings / that way /
he approached / having approached / four / to the great-kings / this /
he said
Then, this monk approached the Four Great Kings and, drawing near, he
said to them:
kattha nu kho avuso ime cattaro mahabhutd aparisesa nirujjhanti, seyyathidam
pathavi-dhatu apo-dhatu tejo-dhatu vayo-dhatu ti.
where / do / indeed / friends / these / four / great elements / without
remainder / cease / namely / earth-element / water-element / fire-
element / air-element / (end-quote)
"Friends, where do these four great elements, that is, the earth, water,
fire, and air elements, cease without remainder?"
evam vutte cattaro Maha-raja tam bhikkhum etad avocum:
thus / said / four / great-kings / this / monk / thus / said
When this was said, the Four Great Kings replied to this monk:
130
mayam pi kho, bhikkhu, na janama yatth' ime cattaro mahabhuta aparisesa
nirujjhanti, seyyathidam pathavT-dhatu apo-dhatu tejo-dhatu vayo-dhatu.
we / too / indeed / monk / not / we know / where / these / four /
great elements / without remainder / cease / namely / earth-element
/ water-element / fire-element / air-element
"Monk, we also do not know where these four great elements, that is, the
earth, water, fire, and air elements, cease without remainder.
atthi kho bhikkhu Tavatimsa nama deva amhehi abhikkanta-tara ca panita-tara
ca.
there are / indeed / monk / the thirty-three / named / devas / than us /
advanced-more / and / excellent-more / and
There are, monk, the Thirty-Three devas, who are more advanced and
excellent than us.
te kho evatn janeuyum yatth' ime cattaro mahabhuta aparisesa nirujjhanti ti.
they / indeed / thus / would know / where / these / four / great
elements / without remainder / cease / (end-quote)
Indeed they would know where these four great elements cease without
remainder." [D.I.215-6- xi.(Kevaddha).67-69]
131
Exercise 21
English into Pali
p. 183
Then, following the ripening of that embryo, the geisha Salavati gave birth to a
son (acc.).
atha kho / paripakam-anvaya / tassa / gabbhassa / ganika / Salavat! /
vijayi / puttam
atha kho Salavat! ganika tassa gabbhassa paripakamanvaya puttam vijayi.
Then Salavati ordered a slave girl: "You there! After (express this simply by
using gerunds) putting this boy into an old winnowing-basket (loc.) (and)
taking him out throw (him) away on a rubbish heap." . . .
atha kho / ganika / Salavati / anapesi / dasim / handa je / pakkhipitva /
imam / darakam / kattarasuppe / niharitva / chaddehi / sankarakute
(iti)
atha kho Salavati ganika dasim anapesi: handa je, imam darakam
kattarasuppe pakkhipitva niharitva sankarakute chaddehlti. . . .
At that time a son of the king (rajakumdro) named Abhaya, going to the king's-
audience just at the (right) time (dat.), saw that boy surrounded by crows.
tena (kho pana) / samayena / raja-kumaro / nama / abhayo / gacchanto
/ raj-upatthanam / eva / kalassa / addasa / tarn / darakam /
samparikinnam / kakehi
tena kho pana samayena abhayo nama rajakumaro kalasseva
rajupatthanam gacchanto addasa tarn darakam kakehi samparikinnam.
Having seen he asked people: "What (is) that, I say!, surrounded by crows?"
disvana / pucchi / manusse / kim / etam / bhane / samparikinnam /
kakehi (iti)
disvana manusse pucchi: kim etam, bhane, kakehi samparikinnanti?
"A boy, O king (title devo used in addressing a prince of the blood)."
darako / deva (iti)
darako, devati.
"(Does he) live, I say!(?)"
jlvati / bhane (iti)
jlvati, bhaneti?
"(He) lives, O king."
jlvati / deva (iti)
jlvati, devati.
132
Now! I say! having led that boy to our citadel give (him) to nurses to rear." . . .
tena hi / bhane / netva / tam / darakam / amhakam / antepuram /
detha / dhatinam / posetum (iti)
tena hi, bhane, tam darakam amhakam antepuram netva dhatinam detha
posetunti. ...
They made the name "Jivaka" for him (thinking): "(he) lives";
akamsu / namam / jivako (iti) / tassa / jivati (iti)
tassa jlvatiti jivakoti namam akamsu.
they made the name "Komarabhacca" (thinking): "(He) was caused to be reared
by the prince."
akamsu / namam / komarabhacco (iti) / posapito / kumarena (iti)
kumarena posapitoti 'komarabhacco'ti namam akamsu.
Then Jivaka Komarabhacca soon attained ((p)pa-dp) discretion . . .
atha kho / jivako / komarabhacco / na-cirass (eva) / papuni / vinnutam
atha kho jivako komarabhacco nacirasseva vinnutam papuni . . .
Then he thought this: "These royal courts (are) not easy to live upon without-a-
profession (ins.: 'with-a-non-profession').
atha kho / jlvakassa komarabhaccassa / ahosi / etad / imani (kho) / raja-
kulani / na / sukarani / upajlvitum / asippena
atha kho jlvakassa komarabhaccassa etadahosi: imani kho rajakulani na
sukarani asippena upajlvitum.
Supposing I were to learn (opt.) a profession?"
yamnuna / aham sikkheyyam / sippam (iti)
yamnunaham sippam sikkheyyanti.
Now at that time there dwelt (present tense) in Takkasila a doctor who-was-the-
foremost-of-(all)-regions.
pana (kho) / tena / samayena / pativasati / takkasilayam / vejjo / disa-
pamokkho
tena kho pana samayena takkasilayam disapamokkho vejjo pativasati.
Then Jivaka Komarabhacca went away to Takkasila,
atha (kho) / jivako / komarabhacco / (tena) pakkami / yena / takkasila
atha kho jivako komarabhacco yena takkasila tena pakkami.
in due course approached Takkasila (and) that doctor, (and) having approached
said this to that doctor:
anupubbena / (tena) upasankami / (yena) takkasila / (yena) vejjo /
upasankamitva / avoca / etad / tam / vejjam
anupubbena yena takkasila, yena vejjo tenupasankami; upasankamitva
tam vejjam etadavoca:
133
"O teacher, I wish to learn the profession. " ...
acariya / aham / icchami / sikkhitum / sippam (iti)
icchamaham, acariya, sippam sikkhitunti. . . .
Then Jwaka grasped (present tense) much, grasped lightly . . .
atha (kho) / jlvako / komarabhacco / ganhati / bahum (ca) / ganhati /
lahum (ca)
atha kho jlvako komarabhacco bahunca ganhati lahunca ganhati . . .
When seven (satta, inflect as pahca) years had passed Jwaka thought this:
(atha kho) / sattannam / vassanam / accayena / jlvakassa /
komarabhaccassa / ahosi / etad
atha kho jlvakassa komarabhaccassa sattannam vassanam accayena
etadahosi:
" I indeed grasp much ... the end of this profession is not discerned, when will the
end of this profession be discerned?"
aham / kho / ganhami / bahum (ca) / / anto / imassa / sippassa / na
/ pannayati / kada / anto / imassa / sippassa / pannayissati (iti)
aham kho bahunca ganhami . . . nayimassa sippassa anto pannayati. kada
imassa sippassa anto pannayissatiti.
Then Jwaka approached that doctor . . .
atha (kho) / jlvako / komarabhacco / tenupasankami / (yena) / so /
atfkPjjfro jlvako komarabhacco yena so vejjo tenupasankami . . .
Now! I say, Jwaka, taking a gardener's- trow el (khanitti), wandering for a league
on all sides ofTakkasila, whatever non-medicine you may see, bring that."
tena hi / bhane / jlvaka / adaya / khanittim / ahinditva / yojanam /
samanta / takkasilaya / yam kind / abhesajjam / passey yasi / aharati
/ tarn
tena hi bhane jlvaka, khanittim adaya takkasilaya samanta yojanam
ahinditva yam kind abhesajjam passeyyasi tarn aharati.
"Yes, teacher" . . . wandering (he) saw no non-medicine at all ...
evam / acariya (iti) / ... / ahindanto / addasa / na / abhesajjam / kind
evam, acariyati . . . ahindanto na kind abhesajjam addasa. . . .
"... 7 saw no non-medicine at all. "
addasam / na / abhesajjam / kind (iti)
na kind abhesajjam addasanti.
"You have learned (p.p.+ asi), I say, O Jwaka, sufficient for your livelihood!"
asi susikkhito / bhane / jlvaka / alam (ettakam) / te / jlvikaya (iti)
susikkhitosi, bhane jlvaka. alam te ettakam jlvikayati [Vin.I.269-70 - Vinaya /
Mahavagga / Dutiyobhago / 8 Clvarakkhandhakam 5-11 (202 Jlvakavatthu)]
134
An Introduction To The Pali Language
Anónimo