← Volver a la ficha del textoGUIDE
TO
CONDITIONAL RELATIONS
( PAJTHANA )
PART II
Being a guide to pages 13-141 of CONDITIONAL
RELATIONS. Explanations of the First 2 Chapters
as given in the Commentary, of the Question Chap-
ter and of the First 6 Chapters of the Faultless
Triplet Patthana Section.
ty
u nArada
Aggamahapandita
MULA PATTHANA SAYADAW
(of Rangoon, Burma)
Originator of Abhidhamma Charts
Assisted by
THEIN NYUN
Department of Religious Affairs
Rangoon, Burma.
1986
Published 1986
First Impression , 1986
3,000 copies
Printed and published by U Myint Maung
Deputy Director, Regd: No. (02405/02527)
at the Religious Affairs Dept. Press,
Yegu, Kaba-Aye P.O., Rangoon, BURMA.
Printed for free distribution by
The Corporate Body of the Buddha Educational Foundation
11F., 55 Hang Chow South Road Sec 1, Taipei, Taiwan, R.O.C.
Tel: 886-2-23951198 , Fax: 886-2-23913415
Email : overseas@budae du.org
Website: http:/ / www.budaedu.org
This book is strictly for free distribution, it is not for sale.
Mu la Patthana sayadaw Aggamahapandita
U Narad a. Pro me Road, Rangoon*
AUTHOR’S NOTE
At the request of Dr.Miss I.B.Horner, O.B.E.,
President of the Pali Text Society, London, I have,
with the assistance of U Thein Nyun, Retired Senior
Research Officer, translated (1) Dhatu-katha, (2)
Patthana Vol. I, (3) Patfhana Yol. II and compiled
(4) Guide to Conditional Relations. The first and
second translations, titled “Discourse on Elements”
and “Conditional Relations, Vol. I” were published
by that Society in 1962 and 1969 respectively and
the third is in the press. As for the Guide to
Conditional Relations, part of it came out in 1979
as “Guide to Conditional Relations, Part I.”
This recent publication is a guide to pages 1-12
of Conditional Relations, Vol. I that deals with the
Enumeration of Conditions (Paccayuddesa) of Chap-
ter I and the Analytical Exposition of the Condi-
tions (Paccayaniddesa) of Chapter II of that text.
Its general contents are: (i) Conditional Relation,
(ii) Brief Explanations of the Conditions, (iii) Expla-
nation of the Single Enumerations and (iv) Expla-
nation of the Analytical Exposition of the Condi-
tions. These explanations, together with the
methods and analyses involved therein, are given in
great detail to arouse the reader’s interest. That is
why the Publications Committee of the Pali Text
Society, remarked that it was an “excellent effort,
readily understandable.”
On one occasion when I met U Kyi Nyunt,
Director General of the Religious Affairs Depart-
ment, I was told that many tourists, who come to
Burma and visit the Publications Department of the
Buddha Sasana Council at Kaba-Aye., buy all the
books on Buddhism written by authors from abroad;
that although there is the desire to sell books written
by Burmese authors, it is regretted that there are
no such books.
Also, on the day that the award of Aggamahl-
paudita was again conferred for the first time.
Brigadier- General U Sein Lwin, Minister for Home
and Religious Affairs, said he wished to have the
Author’s English translations of Buddhism printed
in Burma.
At the request of the above two august personages
therefore, the “Guide to Conditional Relations,
Part II” is printed at the Religious Affairs Dept.
Press, Kaba-Aye, Rangoon.
The General contents of Guide to Conditional
Relations, Part II are: (i) the Commentary on
Chapters land II and its Explanation, (ii) Question
Chapter, (iii) Preliminaries to the Six Chapters,
(iv) Analytical States for the Answers in the Six
Chapters, (v) Summary of the Method of the Six
Chapters ana (vi) Permutations and Combinations
of the Aggregates. Biief accounts of these are given
by U Thein Nyun in his Introduction to Guide To
Conditional Relations, Part I and which will be of
great interest to the reader.
U Ntada,
Aggamahapandita
Mula Patthana Sayadaw
( ii )
( 1 )
HOW TO READ THE CHART
1 . Sensuous Processes
I. (1) Rebirth consciousness is related to first
life-continuum;
(2) preceding first life-continuum, etc. are
related to subsequent second life-continuum,
etc;
(3) 15 five -aggregate life-continuums are relat-
ed to 2 advertences;
(4) 4 immaterial life-continuums are related
to mind-door advertence;
(5) five-door advertence is related to twice
fivefold consciousnesses;
(6) twice fivefold consciousnesses are related
to recipient consciousness;
(7) recipient consiousness is related to inves-
tigating consciousness;
(8) investigating consciousness is related to
determining consciousness;
II. (9) If ^ the process is slight (paritta), first
determining consciousness is related to second
determining consciousness;
(10) second determining consciousness is
related to 15 five-aggregate life-continuums ;
III. (1 1) If the processes are very great (atimahanta),
great (mahanta), clear (vibhuta) or obscure
(avibhuta), determining or mind-door adver-
tence is related to first impulsion (of the 29
sensuous impulsions);
(iii )
(12) first impulsion is related to second
impulsion ... sixth impulsion is related to
seventh impulsion;
IV. (13) If registering consciousness arises after
greed -rooted, delusion- rooted or 8 great fault-
less impulsions, the last greed-rooted impul-
sions, etc. are related to 1 1 registering
consciousnesses; if it does not arise, the last
greed-rooted impulsions, etc. are related to
19 life-continuums;
(14) If registering consciousness arises after
hate-rooted impulsions, the last hate-rooted
impulsions are related to 6 registering con-
sciousnesses accompanied by indifference ; if it
does not arise, the last hate-rooted impulsions
are related to 6 sensuous life-continuums
accompanied by indifference;
( 2 )
(15) If registering consciousness arises after
Arahatta’s smile impulsion, the last Arahatta’s
smile impulsion is related to 5 registering
consciousnesses accompanied by pleasure; if
it does not arise, the last Arahatta’s smile
impulsion is related to 9 three-rooted five-
aggregate life-continuums;
(16) If registering consciousness arises after the
great functional impulsions accompanied by
pleasure, the last great functional impulsions
accompanied by pleasure are related to 5
registering consciousnesses accompanied by
pleasure; if it does not arise, it is related to
13 three-rooted life -continuums;
(1 7) If registering consiousness arises after the
great functional impulsions accompanied by
indifference, the last great functional impul-
sions accompanied by indifference ate related
to 6 registering consciousnesses accompanied
by indifference; if it does not arise, it is related
to 13 three-rooted life-continuums;
V. (18) first registering consciousness is related
to second registering consciousness;
(19) second registering consciousness is related
to 10 sensuous life-cotinuums ;
2. Jhdna, Path and Fruition Attainment
Processes
VI. (19) First pair of great faultless conscious-
nesses, functioning as change-of-lineage, puri-
fication or adaptation, is related to 4 lofty
faultless consciousnesses accompanied by plea-
sure, 1 6 Path consciousnesses accompanied by
pleasure and 12 lower Fruition consciousnesses
accompanied by pleasure;
(20) third pair of great faultless conscious-
nesses, functioning as change-of-lineage, puri-
fication or adaptation, is related to 5 lofty
faultless consciousnesses accompanied by
indifference, 4 Path consciousnesses accompani-
ed by indifference and 3 lower Fruition
consciousnesses accompanied by indifference;
(21) first pair of great functional conscious-
nesses, functioning as change-of-lineage or
adaptation, is related to 4 lofty functional
consciousnesses accompanied by pleasure and
4 Arahatta’s Fruition consciousnesses accom-
panied by pleasure;
(22) third pair of great functional conscious-
nesses, functioning as change-of-lineage or
adaptation, is related to 5 lofty functional
consciousnesses accompanied by indifference
and 1 Arahatta's Fruition consciousness
accompanied by indifference;
( 3 )
3. Attainments processes
VII. (23) In the Attainments processes, preceding
lofty faultless or functional impulsions are
related to the same subsequent lofty faultless
or functional impulsions;
(24) the last fine-material faultless or functional
impulsions are related to 9 five -aggregate
three-rooted life-continuums;
(25) the lats faultless or functional infinity of
space impulsions are related to 9 five-aggregate
three-rooted life-continuums and infinity of
space life-continuum, i.e. 10 life-continuums;
(26) the last faultless or functional infinity of
consciousness impulsions are related to 11
life-continuums, i.e. 9 five-aggregate three-
rooted, infinity of space and infinity of
consciousness;
(27) the last faultless or functional nothingness
impulsions are related to 12 life-continuums,
i.e. 9 five-aggregate three-rooted, infinity of
space, infinity of consciousness and nothing-
ness;
(28) the last faultless or functional neither-
perception- nor* non-perception impulsions are
related to 13 life-continuums, i.e. 9 five-aggre-
gate three-rooted, infinity of space, infinity of
consciousness, nothingness and neither-percep-
tion-nor-non-perception ;
( vi )
4. Extinction Attainments
VIII. (29) Having emerged from the Attainment of
Extinction, the last faultless or functional
neither -perception-nor-non-perception impul-
sion is related to 13 three-rooted life-con-
tinuums, Non-returner’s Fruition or Arahatta’s
Fruition;
5. Path
IX. (30) Stream- winner’s Path is related to Stream-
winner’s Fruition; O nce-returner’s Path is
related to Once-returner’s Fruition; Non-
returner’s Path is related to Non-returcer’s
Fruition; Arahatta’s Path is related to
Arahatta’s Fruition;
6. Fruition Attainment Processes
X. (31) Preceding 4 Fruition impulsions are
related to similar subsequent 4 Fruition
impulsions;
(32) the last 4 Fruition impulsions are related
to 13 three-rooted life-continuums;
( 4 )
7. Dying Processes
XI. (33) In the dying process, if death conscious-
ness arises after registering consciousness, the
Second registering consciousness is related to
10 sensuous death consciousnesses;
(34) if death consciousness arises after faulty
impulsions the last (the fifth) faulty impulsion
is related to 10 sensuous death consciousnesses;
(35) if death consciousness arises after great
faultless impulsions, the last (the fifth) great
faultless impulsion is related to 19 death
consciousnesses;
( vii I
(36) if death consciousness arises after great
functional impulsions, the last (the fifth) great
functional impulsion is related to 13 three-
rooted death consciousnesses;
(37) if death consciousness arises after life-
continuum, 19 life-continuums are related to
19 death consciousnesses;
8. Rebirth After Death Consciousness
XII. (38) 4 two -rooted and 2 rootless death cons-
ciousnesses are related to 10 sensuous
rebirth consciousnesses;
(39) 4 sensuous three-rooted neither-perception-
nor-non-perception death consciousnesses are
related to 19 rebirth consciousnesses;
(40) 5 fine-material death consciousnesses are
related to 17 rooted rebirth consciousnesses;
(41) infinity of space death consciousness is
related to 4 three-rooted sensuous and 4
immaterial rebirth consciousnesses;
(42) infinity of consciousness death conscious-
ness. is related to 4 three- rooted sensuous,
infinity of consciousness, nothingness and
neither-percepion-nor-non-perception rebirth
consciousnesses ;
(43) nothingness death consciousness is related
to 4 three-rooted sensuous, nothingness and
neither-perception-nor-non-perception rebirth
consciousnesses;
(44) neither - perception - nor - non - perception
death consciousness is related to 4 three-rooted
sensuous and neither-perception-nor-non-
perception rebirth consciousnesses.
( viii )
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
Texts
B.D.
Book of Discipline
Cpd.
Compendium of Philosophy
C.R.
Conditional Relations
Dhs
Dhammasangani
Expos.
Expositor
G.S.
Gradual Sayings
K.S.
Kindred Sayings
M.L.S.
Middle Length Sayings
P. Purif.
Path of Purification
Vibh.
Vibhanga
Conditions in
Serial Order
Ro
Root
Ob
Ob-pd
Ob-prn-pd
Ba-ob-prn-pd
Object
Object-predominance
Object-prenascence-predominance
Base-object-prenascence-predomi-
nance
Cn-pd
Conascence-predominance
Px
Proximity
Ct
Contiguity
Cn
Conascence
Mu
Mutuality
Dp
Dependence
Ba-ob-prn-dp
Base-object-prenascence-dependence
Cn«dp
Conascence-dependence
Ba-prn-dp
Base-prenascence-dependence
Mixed Cu-prn
Mixed conascence-prenascence
S.D.
Strong-depend ence
Ob-S. D.
Object-strong-dependence
Px-S. D.
Proximity-strong-dependence
Na S. D.
Natural Strong-dependence
Prn
Prenascence
Ob-prn
Object-prenascence
Ba-pm
Base-prenascence
Pon
Postnascence
Rp
Repetition
Ram
Kamma
Cn-kam
Conascence-kamma
S. asy. kam
Strong asynchronous kamma
S.&W. asy. kam
Strong-and-Weak asynchronous
kamma
Rs
Resultant
Nu
Nutriment
Cn-nu
Conascence-nutriment
Phy-nu
Physical nutriment
Fa
Faculty
Cn-fa
Conascence-faculty
Ba-prn-fa
Base-prenascence-faculty
Phy life-fa
Physical life-faculty
Jha
Jhana
Pa
Path
Ass
Association
Dss
Dissociation
Ba-ob-prn-dss
Base-object-prenascence-dissocia-
tion
Cn-dss
Conascence-dissociation
Ba-prn-dss
Base-prenascence-dissociation
Pon-dss
Postnascence-dissociation
Ps
Presence
Ob-prn-ps
Object-prenascenee-presence
Cn-ps
Co nascence-presence
Ba-prn-ps
Base-prenascence-presence
Pon-ps
Post nascence-presence
Phy-nu-ps
Physical nutriment-presence
Phy life-fa-ps
Physical life-faculty-presence
Mixed Cn-prn-ps Mixed conascence-prenascence-
presence
Mixed Pon-nu-ps Mixed post na see nce-nutriment-
presence
Mixed Pan-fa- ps
Mixed postnascence^facuhy-
presence
Ab
Absence
Dsp
Disappearance
N.D.
No n-disappearance
AEC.
Chart of the Analytical Exposition
of the Conditions
assoc.
Cds
Corny.
cons.
CS
der.mat.
excl.
fls
fty
func
associated
Conditioned State or States
Commentary
consciousness
Conditioning State or States
derived matter
excluding
faultless
faulty
functional
gr. pr.
ind
Intr.
great primaries
indeterminate
introduction
m.agg.
m.f.
mental aggregates
mental factors
res
SEC
resultant
Chart of the Single Enumerations
of the Conditions.
Subcomy.
Subcommentary
5-agg. five-aggregate
The other abbreviations are given along with the Charts.
(xii)
1 - 8 .
9.
10 .
11 .
12 .
13.
14.
15.
16 .
17.
18.
19.
20 .
LIST OF CHARTS
page
(N. B. Serial No. 1-8 charts are
Part I)
included in
Decisions of the Manifold
Division
4-5
1 (page)
Object Condition
(Categories Chart)
20-21
1 (page)
Objects of Superknowledges 24
I (page)
Object-predominance Condi-
tion (Categories Chart)
48
1 (page)
Object-prenascence Condi-
tion (Categories Chart)
53
1 (page)
Conascence Group
58-59
1 (page)
Conascence Group
(Detailed Chart)
66-67
Big Chart
Proximity Condition
(Categories Chart)
76-77
1 (page)
Categories Chart of
Repetition Condition
93
1 (page)
Categories Chart of Natural
Strong-dependence
Condition
91
1 (page)
Strong Asynchronous Kam-
ma Condition (Categories
Chart)
102-103
1 1 (Page)
Base-prenascence and Base-
prenascence-faculty
Condition (Categories
Charts)
102-103
1 (page)
XUI )
21.
22 .
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
33.
One State (in) Several
Conditions 110-111 2 (pages)
One Condition (Common
with) Several Conditions 130-131 Big Chart
Miscellaneous Decisions 144-145 2 (pages)
Detailed Patthana Sections 164-165
Model of Patthana
Questions
Number of Questions
(Commentary)
168-169
182-183 2 (pages)
Number of Questions
(Subcommentary) 182-183 2 (pages)
Single Enumerations of the
Positive Condition for 6
Chapters 192-193 3 (pages)
Positive Conditions in
Dependent, Conascent,
Conjoined and Associated
Chapters (Text Chart)
212-213
Positive Conditions in
Conditioned and Supported
Chapters (Text Chart) 240-241
Enumerations for the
Positive Conditions in 6
Chapters 254-255 1 (page)
Single Enumerations of the
Negative Conditions for 6
Chapters 254-255 3 (pages)
Negative Conditions in
Dependent, Conascent,
Conjoined and Associated
Chapters (Text Chart) 254-255 3 (pages)
( xiv )
34. Negative Conditions of
Base-prenascence-dependence
Condition in Conditioned
and Supported Chapters
(Text Chart) 270-271 1 (page)
35. Enumerations for Negative
Conditions in the 6
Chapters 280-281 1 (page)
36. Enumerations for 6
Chapters from the
Conditioned States 440-441 1 (page)
37. By Twos of Positive-Negative
and Negative-Positive
Conditions of 4
Chapters 632- 1 (page)
38. By Twos of Positive-Negative
and Negative- Positive
Conditions of 2
Chapters 633- 1 (page)
39. Permutations and
Combinations of
Aggregates for 6
Chapters, Positive
Conditions 684-685 1 (page)
40. Permutations and
Combinations of Aggregates
for 6 Chapters, Negative
Conditions 698-699 1 (page)
41. Consciousness (Types) 702-703 Big Chart
42. Mental Factors: Consciousness
associated with mental factors
and Mental factor associated
with Consciousnesses. 704- Big Chart
F. (B)
( XV )
GUIDE TO CONDITIONAL RELATIONS
Part II
CONTENTS IN DETAIL
Page
Author’s Note ... (i)
How to read the chart ... (Hi)
List of Abbreviations ... (jx)
List of charts ... ( x iii)
V. THE COMMENTARY ON CHAPTERS I & II
AND ITS EXPLANATION CONTENTS 1
The Order in the Guide ... 2
1. MANIFOLD DIVISION
Explanation of the Chart ... 4
(1) Object Group, etc. ... 5
Conditions in Serial Order as in the
Commentary
1. Root Condition ... 7
2. Object Condition ... g
3. Predominance Condition ... 10
4. 5, 22, 23. Proximity, Contiguity,
Absence, Disappearance Conditions 11
6 . 7, 8 . Conasence, Mutuality,
Dependence Conditions ... 12
9. Strong-dependence Condition ... 12
10. Prenascence Condition ... 13
11 . Postnascence Condition ... 13
12. Repetition Condition ... 14
13. Kamma Condition ... 14
14. Resultant Condition ... 15
15. Nutriment Condition ... 15
(xvii)
Page
16. Faculty Condition ... 16
17,18,19. Jhana, Path, Association
Conditions ... 16
2G. Dissociation Condition ... 17
21, 24. Presence, Non-disappearance
Conditions ... 18
2. CONDITIONED STATES
Explanation ... 19
(1) Object Group
(i) Object Condition ... 20
Super knowledges ... 24
Items in the Categories Chart 30
(ii) Object-predominance Condition 50
Items in the Categories Chart ... 53
(iii) Object-prenascence Condition 54
Items in the Categories Chart 54
The Other Conditions of the Object
Group ... 58
(2) Conascence Group
( i ) 7 Minor Conascence Conditions
6 Minor Conascence Conditions
Items in the Chart
Conascence-predomi nance
Condition
Items in the Chart
(ii) 4 Major Conascence Conditions
Items in the Chart
(iii) 4 Medium Conascence Conditions
Mutuality Condition
Items in the Chart
Resulta nt Co nditio n
Items in the Chart
Association Condition
Items in the Chart • ••
58
58
59
59
61
62
62
63
64
65
65
65
66
66
(xviii)
Page
Conascence-dissociation
Condition ••• 66
Items in the Chart ••• 66
Conascence Group in Detail
Detailed Chart Explained ... 66
( i ) 7 Minor Conascence Conditions 71
Items in the Chart ... 71
(ii) 4 Major Conascence Conditions 73
Items in the Chart ... 73
(iii) 4 Medium Conascence Condition 74
Items in the Chart ... 75
Practical Application ... 76
(3) (a) Proximity-strong-dependence
Group
Proximity Condition etc. of the
Proximity Group ... 77
Items in the Categories Chart 91
Repetition Co nditio n ... 92
Items in the Categories Chart 93
(3) (b) Natural Strong-dependence Group,
Natural Strong-dependence
Condition ... 94
Items in the Categories Chart 101
Strong Asynchronous Kamma
Condition ... 102
Items in the Categories Chart 102
Prenascence and Base-prenascence-
faculty Conditions ... 103
Items in the Categories Chart ... 103
(5) Postnascence Group
Postnascence Condition ... 104
Items in the Categories Chart ... 104
(xix)
Page
(6) Strong-and-weak Asynchronous
Kamma Group ... 104
(7) Physical Nutriment Group
Physical Nutriment Condition ... 104
Items in the Chart ... 104
Sub-Commentary’s Remark ... 105
(8) Physical Life-faculty Group
Physical Life-faculty Condition ... 105
Item in the Chart ... 105
Subcommentary’s Remark on ‘Static
phase’ ... 106
The Chart Explained ... 106
Proximity Condition ... 107
Repetition Condition ... 108
Base-prenascence Condition ... 108
Postnascence Condition ... 109
The Benefit of Knowing the
Methods ... 110
3. ONE STATE (IN) SEVERAL
CONDITIONS
The Chart Explained ... Ill
1. Root Condition ... 112
2. Object Condition ... 113
3. Predominance Condition ... 113
4. 5. Proximity. Contiguity Conditions ... 114
6. etc. Conascence Condition, etc. ... 115
RULES AND THEIR APPLICATION 115
I. Rules for 89 Consciousnesses ... 116
Application of the Rules ... 118
(xx)
Page
Classified Answers for
Consciousnesses < ... 119
(i) Delusion - rooted Consciousness... 119
(ii) Great Faultless Consciousness ... 122
II. Rules for 52 Mental Factors ... 125
Application of the Rules ... 127
III. Rules for Produced Matter 18 ... 129
Application of the Rules ... 130
4. ONE CONDITION (COMMON WITH)
SEVERAL
CONDITIONS ... 131
The Chart Explained ... 132
Root Condition ... 133
Object Condition ... 134
Predominance Condition ... 135
Conascence or Mutuality Condition ... 136
Conascence, Mutuality or Dependence
Condition ... 136
Dependence Condition ... 137
Strong-dependence Condition ... 138
Prenascence Condition ... 138
Postnascence Condition ... 140
Repetition Condition ... 140
Kamma Condition ... 140
Resultant Condition ... 140
Nutriment Condition ... 140
Faculty Condition ... 141
JhSna and Path Conditions ... 141
Association Condition ... 141
Dissociation Condition ... 142
Presence or Non-disappearance
Condition ... 143
5. MISCELLANEOUS DECISIONS ... 144
(i) State ... 144
(ii) Period ... 147
(xxi)
■Page
(iii) Several States (in) One Condition ... 148
(iv) Common Condition ... 149
(v) Uncommon Conditions ... 149
(vi) Pairs ... 150
(vii) Production and Non-production ... 151
(viii) Cause of All or Not All
Formations ... 153
(ix) Materiality to Materiality, etc. ... 155
(x) Planes of Existence ... 159
(xi) During Life and Rebirth ... 161
(xii) Concept, Mentality, Materialty
and Nibbana ... 161
VI. EXPLANATION OF THE QUESTION
CHAPTER
The 7 Chapters ... 162
Questions of Patthana ... 164
All the Possible Questions are asked 164
(i) Detailed Patthana Sections 165
(ii) Questions in Each Patthana
Section ... 167
I. Positive Method Division
1. Triplet Patthana ... 168
2. Couplet Patthana ... 170
3. Couplet-Triplet Patthana 171
4. Triplet-Couplet Patthana 172
5. Triplet-Triplet Patthana 172
6. Couplet* Couplet Patthana 173
II. Negative Method Division
7. Triplet Patthana ... 174
8. Couplet Patthana ... 174
9. Couplet-Triplet Patthana 175
10. Triplet-Couplet Patthana 175
1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 * 12 . Triplet -Triplet Patthana 176
12. Couplet-Couplet Patthana 176
Page
III. Positive-Negative Method Division
13. Triplet Patthana ... 177
14. Couplet Patthana ... 1 7 7
15. Couplet-Triplet Patthana 177
16. Triplet-Couplet Patthana 178
17. Triplet-Triplet Patthana 178
18. Couplet-Couplet Patthana 178
IV. Negative- Positive Method Division
19. Triplet Patthana ... 179
20. Couplet Patthana ... 179
21. Couplet-Triplet Patthana 180
22. Triplet-Couplet Patthana 180
23. Triplet-Triplet Patthana 180
24. Couplet-Couplet Patthana 181
Determination of the Number of
Questions ... 182
The Method of the Commentary ... 182
The Method of the Subcommentary 185
Differences in the Method of
Calculating the Number of
Questions in the Corny,
and Subcomy. ... 186
Pali Verses of the Subcommentary 186
VII. PRELIMINARIES TO THE 6 CHAPTERS
(i) Single Enumerations of the Positive
Conditions in the 6 Chapters ... 192
Why Only 3 Conditions are
Expounded in the 6 Chapters ... 195
How the Conditioning and
Conditioned States of the 24 Conditions
in the 6 Chapters are Obtained ... 197
(ii) Explanation of the Classification
and Enumeration Chapters ... 209
(xxiii)
Page
Explanation of the Method
... 210
(1) Classification Chapters of All
the Positive Conditions in
the 6 Chapters
... 213
(a) Positive Conditions in
Dependent and Conascent
Chapters
... 213
Determination of Enumeration
for the Classification Chapter... 215
With Conascence Condition as
Example ... 215
Application to Root and the
Other Conditions ... 224
Main Points About the Enume-
rations in Dependent Chapter 239
(b) Positive Conditions in Conditioned
and Supported Chapters ... 240
Determination of Enumerations ... 241
Conascence Condition Taken ag
Example ... 242
Application to Root and the
Other Conditions ... 246
Summary of Enumerations in
Conditioned Chapter ... 250
(c) Positive Conditions in Conjoined
and Associated Chapters ... 250
Determination of Enumerations ... 251
Root Condition, etc. ... 251
Summary of Enumerations for the
Positive Conditions in the 6 Chapters... 254
(2) Classification Chapters of All the
Negative Conditions i n the 6 Chapters . . . 255
(xxiv)
Pace
(a) Negative Conditions in Dependent
and Co nascent Chapters ... 255
Determination of Enumerations ... 255
Not-root Condition, etc. ... 256
(b) Negative Conditions in Conditioned
ana Supported Chapters ... 271
Determination of Enumerations ... 271
Not-root Condition, etc. ... 271
(c) Negative Conditions in Conjoined
ana Associated Chapters ... 277
Determination of Enumerations ... 278
Not-root Condition, etc. ... 278
Summary of Enumerations for
Negative Conditions in the 6 Chapters... 281
(3) Enumeration Chapters ... 282
1. Positive Conditions ‘By Ones' ,
‘By Twos', etc. ... 283
2. Negative Conditions ‘By Ones' ,
‘By Twos' , etc. ... 288
3. Positive-Negative Conditions
‘By Twos’ , etc. ... 292
4. Negative-Positive Conditions
‘By Twos' , etc. ... 295
Summary of the Enumeration Chapters
in the 6 Chapters ... 300
VIII. ANALYTICAL STATES FOR THE
ANSWERS IN THE 6 CHAPTERS ... 300
The Order in the Guide ... 301
(1) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTERS
OF THE POSITIVE CONDITIONS
IN THE 6 CHAPTERS ... 303
(xxv)
Page
1. FAULTLESS I. ‘DEPENDENT’
TRIPLET CHAPTER
Conditions : Positive
(i) Classification Chapter
Positive Root
9
... 303
Object
3
... 316
Predominance
9
... 320
Proximity 3,
Contiguity
3
... 326
Conaseence
9
... 329
Mutuality
3
... 334
Dependence
9
... 336
Strong-dependence
3
... 338
Prenascence
3
... 340
Repetition
3
... 344
Kamma
9
... 346
Resultant
1
... 352
Nutriment
9
... 354
Faculty
9
... 357
Jhana 9, Path
9
... 360
Association
D
... 362
Dissociation
9
... 363
Presence
9
... 368
Absence 3,
Disappearance
3
... 369
Non-disappearance
9
... 369
1. FAULTLESS TRIPLET II. ‘CONASCENT’
CHAPTER
1. Conditions: Positive (i) Classification Chapter
Root 9 ... 370
(xxvii)
fage
1. FAULTLESS TRIPLET III, 'CONDITIONED’
CHAPTER
1. Conditions: Positive
Root
17
Object
7
Predominance
17
Proximity 7, Contiguity 7
Conascence
17
Mutuality
7
Dependence
17
Strong-depe ndence
7
Prenascence
7
Repetition
7
Kamma
17
Resultant
1
Nutriment
17
Faculty
17
Jhana 17, Path
17
Association
7
Dissociation
17
Presence
17
Absence 7, Disap-
pearance
7
Non-disappeara nee
17
(i) Classification Chapter
... 370
... 375
... 377
... 380
... 381
... 382
... 383
... 383
... 384
... 384
... 386
... 387
... 387
... 389
... 389
... 390
... 390
... 391
... 391
... 391
1. FAULTLESS IV. ‘SUPPORTED’
TRIPLET CHAPTER
1. Conditions: Positive (i) Classification Chapter
Positive Root 17 ... 392
(xxviii)
1. FAULTLESS
TRIPLET
V. ‘CONJOINED*
CHAPTER
Page
1. Conditions: Positive (i) Classification Chapter
Root 3
Object, etc. 3
Predominance 3
Proximity 3, Contiguity 3
Conasence 3
Mutuality 3
Dependence 3
Strong-dependence 3
Prenascence 3
Repetition 3
Kamma 3
Resultant 1
Nutriment, etc. 3
Association 3
Dissociation 3
Presence, etc. 3
1. FAULTLESS
TRIPLET
... 393
... 393
... 394
... 394
... 394
... 394
... 394
... 394
... 394
... 394
... 394
... 395
... 395
... 395
... 395
... 395
VI. ‘ASSOCIATED*
CHAPTER
1. Conditions: Positive (i) Classification Chapter
Root
3
(xxix)
396
Page
(2) CLASSIFICATION CHAPTERS OF THE
NEGATIVE CONDITIONS IN THE 6 CHAPTERS
1. FAULTLESS I. ‘DEPENDENT
TRIPLET CHAPTER
1. Conditions: Negative
Negative Not-root 4
Not-object 5
Not-predomi nance 9
Not-proximity 5,
Not-contiguity 5
Not-mutuality 5
Not-strong-dcpen-
dence 5
Not-prenascence 5
Mot-post nasce nee 9
Not-repetition 9
Not-kamma 3
Not-resultant 9
Not-nutriment 1
Not-f acuity 1
Not-jhana 1
Not-path 1
Not-association 5
Not-dissociation 3
Not- absence 5,
Not-disappearance 5
(i) Classification Chapter
... 396
... 399
... 401
... 406
... 406
... 407
... 407
... 410
... 411
... 414
... 415
... 416
... 417
... 417
... 418
... 418
... 418
... 420
1. FAULTLESS II. ‘CONASCENT’
TRIPLET CHAPTER
2. Conditions: Negative (i)Classification Chapter
Not-root 2 ... 420
(xxx)
Page
X FAULTLESS III. ‘CONDITIONED’
TRIPLET CHAPTER
2. Conditions: Negative (i)
Not- root 4
Not-object 5
Not-predomi-
nance 1 7
Not-proximity, etc.
Not-postanscence,
etc. 17
Not-kamma 7
Not-resulta nt 17
Not-nutriment, etc. 1
Not-jhana 1
Not-path 1
Not-association, etc.
Classification Chapter
... 420
... 422
... 422
... 426
... 426
.. 429
... 431
... 431
... 431
... 431
... 432
1. FAULTLESS IV/SUPPORTED*
TRIPLET CHAPTER
2. Conditions: Negative (i) Classification Chapter
Not-root 4 ... 432
L FAULTLESS V. ‘CONJOINED'
TRIPLET CHAPTER
2. Conditions: Negative (i) Classification Chapter
Not-root 2 ... 432
Not-predomi nance 3 ... 433
Not-prenascence 3 ... 434
Not-postnascence 3 ... 434
Not-repetition 3 ... 434
Not-kamma 3 ... 434
Not-resultant 3 ... 434
Not-jhana 1 435
Not-path 1 435
Not-dissociation 3 •** 435
F. (C)
(xxxi)
1. FAULTLfiSS
TRIPLET
2. Conditions:
Negative
Not -root 2
page
VI. ‘ASSOCIATED*
CHAPTER
( i ) Classification
Chapter
... 437
(3) ENUMERATION CHAPTERS OF THE
POSITIVE CONDITIONS IN THE
6 CHAPTERS
1. FAULTLESS TRIPLET THE 6 CHAPTERS
1. Conditions: Positive (ii) Enumeration
Chapter
Numbers (of Answers)
By Ones ... 440
How the Answers are Obtained
Illustration of the Method with Root Condition,
as Reference and Object Condition as Variant
in ‘By Twos’
(a) Dependent and Conascent Chapters ... 442
(b) Conditioned and Supported Chapters ... 446
(c) Conjoined and Associated Chapters ... 448
Root Condition (as reference) and Predominance
Condition, etc. {as variant in ‘By Twos’... 450
Root By Threes, etc.
Object By Twcs, By Threes, etc
Predominance «
Proximity, Contiguity «
Conascence »
Mutuality «
Dependence ■
Strong-dependence «
Prenascence *
450
466
468
470
471
471
474
474
474
(xxxii)
Repetition
By Twos, By Threes,
etc.
Page
478
Kamma
II
• • •
481
Resultant
N
• e *
483
Nutriment
n
• • •
486
Facility
n
• • •
487
Jhana
it
• • •
488
Path
u
• • •
489
Association
it
• • *
489
Dissociation
N
• • •
490
Presence, Non-disappearance *
• • •
491
Absence, Disappearance »
• • •
491
(4) ENUMERATION CHAPTERS OF THE
NEGATIVE CONDITION IN THE FIRST
4 CHAPTERS
1. FAULTLESS Dependent and
TRIPLET Conditioned
2. Conditions Negative (ii) Enumeration
Chapter
Numbers (of Answers)
By Ones 492
Not-root By Twos, etc. ... 493
Not-object 11 ••• 509
Not -predominance * ... 513
Not-proximity, etc. " 524
Not-mutuality n ••• 524
Not-prenascence H ... 527
Not-postnascence ■ ... 533
Not-repetition 11 ••• 533
Not-kamma " ••• 537
Not-resultant " ... 539
Not-nutriment, Not- faculty » ... 542
Not-jhana " ••• 542
Not-path " ••• 543
Not-association » 543
Not-dissociation M — 543
(xxxiii)
Page
Not-absence, Not-disappearance By Twos, etc. 545
Concise Method for the 4 Chapters » 545
(5) ENUMERATION CHAPTERS OF THE
NEGATIVE CONDITIONS IN THE
REMAINING 2 CHAPTERS
1. FAULTLESS TRIPLET V. & VI. CONJOINED
AND ASSOCIATED
CHAPTERS
2. Conditions: Negative (ii) Enumeration Chapters
By Ones By Twos, etc. ... 546
Not-root H ... 546
Not-predominance n ... 554
Not-prenascence ■ ... 558
Not-postnascence ■ ... 561
Not-repetition « ... 562
Not-kamma n ... 564
Not-resultant n ... 566
Not-jhana .. ... 569
Not-path .. ... 569
Not-dissociation u ... 570
(6) ENUMERATION CHAPTERS OF THE
POSITIVE-NEGATIVE CONDITIONS IN
THE 6 CHAPTERS
1. FAULTLESS TRIPLET I.-VI.THE 6 CHAPTERS
3. Conditions : Positive- Enumeration Chapters
Negative
Root By Twos, etc. ... 573
Object 11 ... 586
Predominance « ... 589
Proximity, Contiguity « ... 593
Conascence u ... 593
(xxxiv)
Page
Mutuality By
Dependence, Strong-dependence
Prenascence
Repetition
Kamma
Resultant
Nutriment
Faculty
JhSna
Path
Association
Dissociation
Presence
Absence, Disappearance
Non-disappearance
Twos, etc.
ft
It
n
ti
it
n
ii
ii
H
H
it
H
it
... 593
... 600
... 600
... 604
... 607
... 611
... 617
... 619
... 6I9
... 620
... 622
... 622
... 631
... 631
... 631
(7) ENUMERATION CHAPTERS OF THE
NEGATIVE POSITIVE CONDITIONS IN
THE FIRST 4 CHAPTERS
1. FAULTLESS TRIPLET I-IV.FIRST 4 CHAPTERS
*. Conditions: Negative - (ii) Enumeration Chapters
Positive
Not-root
Not-object
Not-predomi nance
Not-proximity, etc.
Not-prenascence
Not -post nascence
Not-repetition
Not-kamma
Not-resultant
Not-nutriment
Not-faculty
Not-jh5na
Not-path
By Twos, etc. ... 634
h ... 640
11 ... 641
11 ... 641
.. ... 643
11 ... 645
11 ... 645
11 ... 648
11 **• 651
» ... 653
« ... 653
11 ... 654
11 ... 654
(xxxv)
• • •
Not-association By Twos, etc.
Not-dissociation m
Not-absence, Not-disappearance »
Page
655
655
657
(8) ENUMERATION CHAPTERS OF THE
NEGATIVE-POSITIVE CONDITIONS
IN THE REMAINING 2 CHAPTERS
1. FAULTLESS V. & VI. CONJOINED
TRIPLET AND ASSOCIATED
CHAPTERS
4. Conditions:
Negative -Positive
Not-root
Not-predominance
Not-prenascence
Not- post nascence
Not-repetition
Not-kamma
Not-resultant
Not-jh&na
Not-path
Not-dissociatio n
Enumeration Chapters
By Twos, etc. ... 659
n ... 662
ii ... 663
.. ... 664
« ... 665
« ... 667
ii ... 669
ii ... 672
n ... 672
ii ... 673
IX. SUMMARY OF THE METHOD OF THE
6 CHAPTERS IN THE FAULTLESS... 675
TRIPLET
(1) Classification Chapters of the Positive... 675
Conditions
Dependent Chapter Root Condition 9... 676
Conditioned Chapter Root Condition 17... 677
Conjoined Chapter Root Condition 3 ... 679
(xxxvi)
Page
(2) Classification Chapters of the Negative
Conditions ... 679
Dependent Chapter Not-root 2 ... 679
Conditioned Chapter Not-root 4 ... 680
Conjoined Chapter Not-root 2 ... 680
(3) Enumeration Chapters ... 680
Application to the Other Triplets and ... 680
Couplets ... 681
How Brief Methods Can Be Expanded ... 683
X. PERMUTATIONS AND COMBINATIONS
OF AGGREGATES
Kinds of Permutations and Combinations
(a) For the Positive Conditions in the
6 Chapters ... 686
Application to Other Triplets ... 697
(b) For the Negative Conditions in the
6 Chapters ... 698
CHART ( Consciousness ) Abbreviations ••• 703
CHART (Mental Factors) How to Read
the Chart — 704
GLOSSARY ... 705
-o<
(xxxvii)
V. THE COMMENTARY ON CHAPTERS I & II
AND ITS EXPLANATION
CONTENTS
The Patthana Commentary first deals with:
(1) the 24 conditions (enumerated in Chap. I of
C.R., p. 1) giving definitions and analogies to
explain each condition and
(2) the Analytical Exposition of the Conditions
(outlined in Chap. II of C.R., pp. 2-12) giving
a brief account of the conditioning and con-
ditioned states of each of the 24 conditions.
These have been dealt with above but more ex-
haustively. For they contain matter, not only of the
Commentary, but also of Burmese works. In addition,
the conditioning and conditioned states of each con-
dition and the common conditions, according to the
method of the Investigation Chapter, were given to
explain the conditioning forces involved in the rela-
tions of the Analytical Exposition of the Conditions.
After dealing with the 24 conditions in (1) above,
the Commentary states in verse,* that the decisions
regarding (i) States ( Dhamma ), (ii) Period (Kala),
Manifold Division ( Nanappakara Bheda ) and (iv) Con-
ditioned States ( Paccayuppanncito ) must be known in
order to have a full understanding of these conditions.
Accordingly, it deals with (i) and then with (ii) in
verse.** As for (iii) and (iv) it states that they will be
* Dhamma to kalato ceva, nanappakarabhedato.
Paccayuppannato ceva, vihhatabbo vinicchayo.
** Paccuppamava hontettha, paccaya dasa pahca ca , atita eva
pahceko, te kale dvepi nissito. Tayo tikalika ceva, vimuttd
capi kalato ti.
F. 1
dealt with after the Commentary on the Analytical
Exposition, i.e. after (2) above.
Again, after dealing with the Analytical Exposition
in (2) above, the Commentary, for the purpose of
acquiring clear and deep knowledge of this portion,
treats of the Miscellaneous Decisions (. Pakinnaka
vinicchaya). They consist of 10 items: (i) Several
States (in) One Condition ( Aneka Dhamma Eka
Pace ay a), (ii) One State (in) Several Conditions (Eka
Dhamma Aneka Paccaya ), (iii) One Condition (com-
mon with) Several Conditions (Eka Paccaya Am k a
Paccaya ), (iv) Common Conditions (Paccaya ' Sabhdga ),
(v) Not Common Conditions (Paccaya Visabhaga ),’
(vi) Pairs (Yugalaka), (vii) Production and Non-pro-
duction (Janakdjanaka) , (viii) Causes or Not Causes
of Ali Formations (Sabbatthanikdsabba tthdnika ) ,
(ix) Materiality to Materiality (. Rupam Rupassa ), etc.
and (x) Divisions of Existence (Bhava Bheda).
THE ORDER IN THE GUIDE
in this Guide the order of the Commentary is not
followed. For the information in the Commentary
is summarized in Charts and explained and, except
for the Charts of (ii) and (iii), the rest of the Miscel-
laneous Decisions can be given in a single Chart.
Also, in this Chart, decisions on States ( Dhamma )
and Periods ( Kala ), which are dealt with in the Com-
mentary after the 24 conditions, are included and so
explanations about them will be given only when
that Chart is taken up. Besides, this Chart gives the
following information about the conditions not pro-
vided in the Commentary, i.e. (a) those that occur
(i) during life and (ii) at the moment of conception
and (b) those which have (i) mentality only, (ii) mater-
iality only, (iii) both mentality and materiality,
(iv) concept, mentality and materiality and (v) Nib-
bana as conditioning states. So the order here is:
2
1. Manifold Division ( Nanappakara Bheda ) with
1 Chart.
2. Conditioned States ( Paccayuppannato ) with several
Charts.
3. One State (in) Several Conditions ( Eka Dham -
ma Aneka Paccaya ) with 1 Chart, i.e. (ii) of the
Miscellaneous Decisions of the Corny.
4. One Condition (common with) Several Con-
ditions ( Eka Paccaya Aneka Paccaya) with 1
Chart, i.e. (iii) of the Miscellaneous Decisions
of the Corny.
5. The rest under the heading of Miscellaneous
Decisions with 1 Chart. They are:
(i) States ( Dhamma ),
(ii) Periods ( Kala ),
(iii) Several States (in) One Condition {Aneka
Dhamma Eka Paccaya),
(iv) Common Conditions {Paccaya Sabhaga),
(v) Not Common Conditions {Paccaya Visabhaga),
(vi) Pairs {Yugalaka),
(vii) Production and Non-production {Janakdjanaka ) ,
(viii) Causes or Not Causes of All Formations {Sab.
batthanikasabbatthanika),
(ix) Materiality to Materiality {Rupam Rupassa), etc.,
(x) Divisions of Existence {Bhava Bheda),
(xi) During Life and At the Moment of Conception,
(xii) Concept, Mentality, Materiality, Nibbana as
Conditioning States.
In the Explanations of the Charts information
besides that in the Commentary is included.
1. MANIFOLD DIVISION
Here the conditioning states of the conditions are
distinguished by classes (jati) and planes (bhumi).
All the decisions of the Manifold Division given in
the Commentary are here explained by means of the
Single Enumerations in the Investigation Chapter of
the Faultless Triplet so as to show the importance
of these enumerations. The Chart provides the method
and summarizes the information about the 24 con-
ditions which are dealt with singly in the Commen-
tary.
Explanation of the Chart
The Heading.
This gives the various planes and the classes of the
conditioning states that occur in those planes. In
(1) the 11 sensuous planes there are 5 classes: fault-
less, faulty, resultant, functional, matter; (2) the 15
fine- material planes exclusive of the non-percipient
plane and (3) the 4 immaterial planes there are 3
classes: faultless, resultant, functional; (4) the un-
included plane there are 3 classes: faultless, resultant,
Nibbana. The unincluded* plane consists of the 9
supramundane states which are the 4 Paths (fault-
less), the 4 Fruitions (resultant) and Nibbana. Then
there are 2 columns, one for concept, which is plane-
freed, and the other for cognizable object.
* Planes are taken in the sense of grades of states since there is
no unincluded plane of existence. When the supramundane
plane is mentioned, it is the unincluded plane with
Nibbana excluded.
4
The Chart is Made Up From the Single Enumerations.
The conditioning states of the conditions of each
group of conditions are taken from the Single Enu-
merations. They were given in the Charts II (B)-
(H) facing p. Ixiv in the Intr. to C.R. and it is from
these Charts that the conditioning states are taken.
(1) Object. Group 8
It will be seen from Chart II (B), Object Group,
that the conditioning states of object condition are
consciousnesses, mental factors, matter, Nibbana and
concept.* Here the mental states, consciousnesses
and associated mental factors, are faultless, faulty,
resultant and functional. See the columns filled in for
this condition in the Manifold Division Chart. The
conditioning states of object-predominance are fault-
less, faulty, resultant, functional, matter and Nibbana.
Since concept is not inlcuded, the column for it is
left blank for this condition in the Chart. The con-
ditioning states of object-prenascence are matter as
shown in the Chart. The other conditions of this
group are not taken into account as they are not
specifically expounded.
(2) Conascence Group 15
(a) Minor Conascence 7
The conditioning states of the 7 Minor conascence
conditions are faultless, faulty, resultant and fun-
ctional. But mundane resultants are not included in
conascence-predominance and so they are left blank
for this condition in the Chart.
(b) Medium Conascence 4
The conditioning states of: (i) mutuality condition
are mentality and materiality; (ii) resultant condition
* Concept is given here because it is iucluded in the
Analytical Exposition of the Conditions.
5
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are resultants; (iii) association condition are menta-
lity; (iv) conascence-dissociation are mentality exclu-
sive of the 4 immaterial resultants, and materiality
(heart-base).
Note. Mentality has 4 classes: faultless, faulty, re-
sultant and functional. See the columns filled in for
them when mentality is mentioned.
(c) Major Conascence 4
The conditioning states are mentality and materia-
lity.
(3) Strong-dependence Group 9
(a) Proximity-strong-dependence Group 7
The conditioning states of: (i) 5 conditions of the
proximity group, i.e. proximity, contiguity, proxi-
mity-strong-dependence, absence, disappearance, are
all the mentality; (ii) repetition condition are mun-
dane faultless, faulty and functional impulsions. Pro-
ximity-kamma condition is not considered as it is not
specifically expounded.
(b) Natural Strong-dependence Group 2
The conditioning states of natural strong-depen-
dence condition are mentality, materiality and con-
cept. Those of the other kinds of strong-dependence-
object - strong-dependence and proximity-strong-de-
pendence - are respectively the same as object-predomi-
nance and proximity conditions given above. As for
strong asynchronous kamma condition of this group,
it is not considered for the same reason given above
for the others.
(4) Base-prenascence Group 6
The conditioning states of the conditions of this
group are materiality.
6
(5) Postnascence Group 4
The conditioning states of the conditions of this
group are mentality exclusive of the 4 immaterial
resultants.
(6) Strong and Weak Asynchronous Group 1
This is also not considered for the same reason
as above.
(7) Physical Nutriment Group 3
(8) Physical Life-faculty Group 3
The conditioning states of the conditions of the 2
groups are materiality.
The conditions will now be dealt with singly as in
the Commentary.
1. Root Condition
The conditioning states of root condition are the
6 roots as given in the Single Enumeration Chart.
When they are distinguished by classes and planes
in which they occur, there are: (i) faultless in the 4
planes, sensuous, fine-material, immaterial and un-
included ; (ii) faulty in the sensuous plane only; (iii)
resultant, like the faultless, in the 4 planes; (iv) fun-
ctional in 3 planes exclusive of the unincluded plane.
Names {of Roots). In the above, (i) the faultless
roots in each of the sensuous, fine-material, imma-
terial and unincluded planes are the 3 roots: non-
greed, non-hate, non-delusion; (ii) the faulty roots
in the sensuous plane are the 3 roots: greed, hate,
delusion; (iii) the resultant roots and (iv) the fun-
ctional roots in their respective planes are the 3 roots
which are the same as the faultless. So it will be
seen that each class has 3 roots. This has to be un-
derstood. But this information is not provided in
the columns because the figures would complicate
the Chart.
7
Associated States. The roots are associated with
various states. Here the Commentary does not deal
with the associated states, the conditioned states of
root condition, but with the conditioning states, the
6 roots, according to class, plane and name as above.
How to Read the Chart. The conditioning states are
the 6 roots. As to classes and planes:
Classes. The 6 roots are of 4 classes, faultless*
faulty, resultant, functional.
Planes. The faultless roots occur in 4 planes: sen-
suous, line-material, immaterial, supramundane;* the
faulty roots occur in the sensuous plane only (the
faulty belongs to the sensuous realm only and that
is why it is shown only under the sensuous plane in
the Chart); the resultant roots occur in 4 planes:
sensuous, line-material, immaterial, supramundane;
the functional roots occur in 3 planes: sensuous, fine-
material, immaterial.
Name. 3 faulty roots are greed, hate, delusion; 3
sensuous faultless roots are non-greed, non-hate, non-
delusion; 3 fine-material, 3 immaterial and 3 supra-
mundane faultless roots are non-greed, non-hate,
non-delusion; 3 sensuous, fine-material, immaterial
and supramundane resultant roots are non-greed,
non-hate, non-delusion; 3 sensuous, fine-material and
immaterial functional roots are non-greed, non-hate,
non-delusion.
Note. It has to be borne in mind that the analytical
states of the conditioning states are being considered.
2. Object Condition
The conditioning states of object condition are the
6 kinds of objects. 5 with an asterisk in the “matter”
* This is the unincluded plane with Nibbana excluded.
It is also known as the momentary (avatthd) plane.
8
column are the 5 kinds of objects: visible object,
sound, odour, taste, tangible object, and the other
kind in the last column “cognizable object” consists
of all the consciousnesses, mental factors, the remain-
ing 21 matter, Nibbana, concept. That is why the
conditioning states of object condition are given as
89 consciousnesses, 52 mental factors, 28 matter,
Nibbana and concept. So they come under all the
classes and planes as shown in the Chart where all
the columns are filled in.
How to Read the Chart . The conditioning states are
the 6 kinds of objects: visible object, sound, odour,
taste, tangible object, cognizable object. Except for
concept, the other objects occur in the 4 planes:
sensuous, fine-material, immaterial, unincluded.
Classes . The sensuous objects are of 5 classes: fault-
less, faulty, resultant, functional, matter; the fine-
material objects are of 3 classes: faultless, resultant,
functional; the immaterial objects are of 3 classes:
faultless, resultant, functional; the unincluded objects
are of 3 classes: faultless, resultant, Nibbana. (See
the classes under the planes in the Chart for object
condition). So there are altogether 7 classes of ob-
jects: faultless, faulty, resultant, functional, matter,
Nibbana, concept.
The Commentary again deals with the planes in
which the 7 classes of objects occur. They are given
in the Chart.
Planes. Of the 7 classes of objects, the faultless ob-
jects occur in 4 planes (the 4 planes are sensuous,
fine-material, immaterial, supramundane and when
only 3 planes are mentioned the supramundane plane
is excluded); the faulty objects in the sensuous plane
only; the resultant objects in 4 planes; the functional
9
objects in 3 planes; matter objects in the sensuous
plane only; Nibbana object in the unincluded plane
only; concept objects are plane-freed, i.e. free of the
4 planes.
3. Predominance Condition
(a) Conascence-predominance
The 2 kinds: (a) conascence-predominance and
(b) object-predominance are taken as in the Analytical
Exposition. The conditioning states of conascence-
predominance given there are the 4 predominant
factors, desire and so on, as in the Single Enumera-
tions. The Commentary does not give the classes
but there are 4: faultless, faulty, resultant, functional,
as shown in the Chart.
Note. If a condition is to be considered for its
classes and planes, the conditioning states of that
condition, given in the Single Enumeration Charts
in the Intr. to C.R., have to be examined. This
will not be pointed out again.
Each of the 4 conditioning states of conascence-
predominance, predominant desire and so on, occur
in 4 planes: sensuous, fine-material, immaterial,
supramundane. Of these, the sensuous conascence-
predominance are of 3 classes: faultless, faulty, fun-
ctional (investigating- wisdom is not faulty and so
3 in the column shows that this conditioning state
is excluded); fine-material and immaterial conascence-
predominance are of 2 classes: faultless, functional;
unincluded supramundane conascence-predominance
are of 2 classes; faultless, resultant. (Since conas-
cence-predominance conditioning states function as
impulsions, the sensuous, fine-material and immaterial
resultants, which are not impulsions, are excluded.
10
*Also excluded is Nibbana which is not concerned
with planes.)
Read the Chart according to the method given for
root and object conditions from the information
provided above.
(b) Object-predominance
The conditioning states can be looked up. Since
this condition belongs to the object group, and the
conditioning states are the 6 kinds of objects, there
are 6 classes: faultless, faulty, resultant, functional,
matter, Nibbana, and 4 planes : sensuous, fine-material,
immaterial, unincluded. The difference from object
condition is that concept is not included here. The
Commentary deals only with this kind of predomi-
nance but it does not mean that conascence-predo-
minance should not be considered. Read the Chart.
4,5,22,23. Proximity, Contiguity, Absence, Dis-
appearance Conditions
The conditioning states of these conditions are the
same, i.e. 89 consciousnesses excluding Arahatta’s
death-consciousness, 52 mental factors. Since they
are all the mentality, there are 4 classes: faultless,
faulty, resultant, functional, which occur in the 4
planes excluding Nibbana: sensuous, fine-material,
immaterial , supramundane.
How to Read the Chart. The conditioning states of
proximity condition (likewise for the other 3 condi-
tions) given above are of 4 classes: faultless, faulty,
resultant, functional. Of these, the faultless proxi-
mity conditioning state occurs in 4 planes: sensuous,
fine-material, immaterial, supramundane; the faulty
proximity conditioning state occurs in 1 plane (the
11
sensuous plane only); the resultant proximity con-
ditioning state occurs in 4 planes (as above); the fun-
ctional proximity conditioning state occurs in 3 planes.
6,7,8. Conascence , Mutuality, Dependence Con-
ditions
The Commentary deals with them separately. The
reason for taking them together in the Chart is that
their conditioning states are of the same 5 classes:
faultless, faulty, resultant, functional, matter, that
occur in the same planes. For the conditioning states
of conascence and mutuality conditions are 89 con-
sciousnesses, 52 mental factors, 4 great primaries and
heart-base. As for the 2 kinds of dependence con-
dition, those of conascence-dependence are the same
as conascence and those of prenascence-dependence
are the 6 bases. So, for dependence condition, the
only difference is that 6 bases are taken instead of
heart-base alone. But the classes and planes are still
the same.
How to Read the Chart . The conditioning states of
conascence condition (likewise the other 2) given
above are of 5 classes: faultless, faulty, resultant,
functional, matter. Of these, the faultless conascence
conditioning state occurs in 4 planes; the faulty in
1 plane (1 plane is always the sensuous plane); the
resultant in 4 planes; the functional in 3 planes; the
matter in 1 plane.
9. Strong-dependence Condition
Of the 3 kinds: (a) object-strong-dependence and
(b) proximity-strong-dependence are respectively the
same as object-predominance and proximity condi-
tions already dealt with. So the Commentary just
refers to them and only considers (c) natural strong-
12
dependence. The conditioning states of natural
strong-dependence condition are all the mentality and
materiality and some of the concepts. The Com-
mentary gives the classes and mentions that they
occur in various planes. But the Chart gives the
details.
How to Read the Chart. The conditioning states of
natural strong-dependence condition are of 5 classes:
faultless, faulty, resultant, functional, matter. Of
these, the faultless natural strong-dependence condi-
tioning state occurs in 4 planes; the faulty in 1 plane;
the resultant in 4 planes; the functional in 3 planes;
concept is plane-freed. (Here only some concepts
are taken. For those such as kasina, foulness and
so on of object condition are excluded because they
are simply objects as conditioning states of that condi-
tion and are not concerned with natural strong-depen-
dence condition. In the Analytical Exposition person
as concept has to be taken.)
10. Prenascence Condition
The 2 kinds are: (a) base-prenascence, (b) object-
prenascence. The conditioning states of (a) are the
6 bases and of (b) are 18 present produced matter.
But the Commentary gives only 12 for (b) as the 6
bases are also included in (a). In the Chart 18 is
taken and this is shown by “+12” where the 6 bases
of (a) above + 12 = 18.
How to Read the Chart. The conditioning states of
prenascence condition are of the matter class which
occurs in 1 plane, the sensuous.
1 1 . Postnascence Condition
The conditioning states of postnascence condition
are 85 consciousnesses exclusive of the 4 immaterial
13
resultants, 52 mental factors. Since they are menta-
lity they occur in the 4 planes. The Commentary
gives 4 classes: faultless, faulty, resultant, functional.
Class and Plane. From the Chart it will be seen that
the faultless occurs in 4 planes; the faulty in 1 plane;
the resultant in 3 planes exclusive of the immaterial
plane; the functional in 3 planes. Since materiality
is the conditioned state of this condition, these classes
occur only in the five-aggregate planes. The Chart
can be read off.
12. Repetition Condition
The conditioning states of repetition condition are
the 47 mundane impulsions. Since resultants are not
impulsions, there are 3 classes: faultless, faulty, fun-
ctional.
Class and Plane. The Commentary gives this as:
the faultless occurs in 3 planes : sensuous, line-material,
immaterial; the faulty in the sensuous plane only;
the functional in 3 planes: sensuous, fine-material,
immaterial. (The supramundane impulsions are not
conditioning states of this condition and so the supra-
mundane plane is excluded.) Read the Chart.
13. Kamma Condition
The 2 kinds given in the Analytical Exposition
are: (a) conascence-kamma and (b) asynchronous
kamma. The Commentary deals with (a) only as
the conditioning states of (b) are included in those
of (a).
The conditioning states of conascence-kamma con-
dition are the volitions associated with the 89 con-
sciousnesses and so these volitions occur in the 4
planes.
14
Class and Plane. The volitions are of 4 classes : fault-
less, faulty, resultant, functional. Of these, the fault-
less volition occurs in 4 planes; the faulty in 1 plane;
the resultant in 4 planes; the functional in 3 planes.
Read the Chart.
As for asynchronous kamma condition, the condi-
tioning states, as given in the Analytical Exposition,
are the faultless and faulty volitions. So the condi-
tioning states are of 2 classes: faultless, faulty. Of
these, the faultless volition, i.e. each of those asso-
ciated with 21 faultless consciousnesses, occurs in 4
planes like conascence-kamma ; the faulty volition,
i.e. each of those associated with 12 faulty conscious-
nesses, occurs in 1 plane.
14. Resultant Condition
The conditioning states of resultant condition are
36 resultant consciousnesses, 38 mental factors. So
there is only the resultant class which occurs in the
4 planes as shown in the Chart.
15. Nutriment Condition
The 2 kinds are: (a) conascence- nutriment, (b) phy-
sical nutriment.
(a) Conascence- nutriment
This is also known as mental nutriment. The
conditioning states are contact, volition, conscious-
ness (89 consciousnesses). So they are of 4 classes:
faultless, faulty, resultant, functional.
Class and Plane. The faultless occurs in 4 planes;
the faulty in 1 plane; the resultant in 4 planes; the
functional in 3 planes. Read the Chart.
15
(b) Physical Nutriment
The conditioning state of physical nutriment condi-
tion is nutritive essence. It is of the indeterminate
(matter) class which occurs in the sensuous plane
only. Read the Chart.
16. Faculty Condition
The 3 kinds are: (a) conascence-f acuity, (b) base-
prenascence-faculty, (c) physical life-faculty. Since
the 2 sex faculties are not included in faculty condi-
tion, the Commentary takes the other 20 faculties
as the conditioning states of this condition. But in
the Single Enumeration Charts the conditioning states
of (a) are the mental faculties which come tinder the
8 realities; (b) are the 5 sentient faculties; (c) is phy-
sical life-faculty. As those of (b) and (c) are matter
they are shown under the matter column. -
As for the 20 faculties, they are of 5 classes: fault-
less, faulty, resultant, functional, matter.
Class and Plane. The faultless occurs in 4 planes;
the faulty in 1 plane; the resultant in 4 planes; the
functional in 3 planes; the matter in 1 plane. Read
the Chart.
17,18,19. Jhana , Path , Association Conditions
They are taken together because their classes and
planes are the same.
Jhana Condition. The conditioning states are the 5
jhana factors which are found in 79 consciousnesses
exclusive of twice fivefold consciousnesses, 52 mental
factors. Since they are mentality, they are of 4 classes :
faultless, faulty, resultant, functional and which occur
in the 4 planes as shown in the Chart.
16
Path Condition. The Commentary states that, briefly,
the conditioning states are 12 path factors with the
faultless in 4 planes, the faulty in 1 plane, the resul-
tant in 4 planes, the functional in 3 planes. But, as
pointed out before, the 12 path factors come under
9 realities which are found in 71 rooted conscious-
nesses, 52 mental factors. These are mentality which
are of the same classes and planes as jhana condition.
Association Condition. The conditioning states are
89 consciousnesses, 52 mental factors, i.e. all the
mentality. The difference from jhana and path condi-
tions is that no consciousness is excluded. So they
ate of the same classes and planes as jhana condition.
Read the Chart for these conditions.
20 . Dissociation Condition
The 3 kinds are: (a) conascence-dissociation, (b)
base-prenasceiice-dissociation, (c) postnascence-disso-
ciation. The conditioning states • of (a) are 75 con-
sciousnesses (exclusive of the 4 immaterial resultants,
twice fivefold consciousnesses and Arahatta’s death-
consciousness), 52 mental factors and heart-base;
(b) are 6 bases as shown in the matter column ; (c)
are 85 consciousnesses (exclusive of the 4 immaterial
resultants), 52 mental factors. So, for these 3 kinds,
which make up dissociation condition as a whole,
the conditioning states are 85 consciousnesses exclu-
sive of the 4 immaterial resultants, 52 mental factors
and 6 bases. They are the mentality and materiality
of the five- aggregate planes.
Class. The conditioning states are of 5 classes : fault-
less, faulty, resultant, functional, matter. The Com-
mentary does not give this as it is easily known.
Class and Plane. The faultless occurs in 4 planes;
the faulty in 1 plane; the resultant in 3 planes exclu-
sive of the immaterial plane; the functional in 3
F. 2
17
planes; the matter in 1 plane which is the sensuous
as with the faulty. So there are 12 planes for all
these classes. Read the Chart.
21,24. Presence, Non-disappearance Conditions
The 2 kinds of presence condition, given in the
Analytical Exposition which is a teaching that is
neither too brief nor too detailed, are: (a) conascence-
presence, (b) prenascence-presence. They are res-
pectively the same as conascence and prenascence
conditions given above. So the conditioning states
are 89 consciousnesses, 52 mental factors, 4 great
primaries and 6 bases. In brief, they are the pre-
sently arisen five- aggregates.
Class. The conditioning states are of 5 classes: fault-
less, faulty, resultant, functional, matter. Of these
5, the first 4 are taken for conascence-presence.
Class and Plane. The faultless occurs in 4 planes;
the faulty in 1 plane; the resultant in 4 planes; the
functional in 3 planes; the matter in 1 plane. With
regard to the matter, the 5 bases are taken for base-
prenascence-presence and the 5 kinds of objects for
object-prenascence-presence ; the heart-base at the
moment of conception for conascence-presence and
that during life for base-prenascence-presence. Read
the Chart. Do likewise for non-disappearance condi-
tion which is the same as presence condition.
The Commentator gives a detailed account of each
condition in this Manifold Division. All the infor-
mation is based on the Single Enumerations and so,
if the conditioning states given there are known and
also the method provided in the Chart, the Pali scho-
lar will have no difficulty in understanding all that
is contained in the Commentary.
End of Manifold Division
18
1 . CONDITIONED STATES
After dealing with the conditioning states under
classes and planes in the Manifold Division, the Com-
mentary considers the conditioned states in the same
way. But the conditioning states are also given
because the kind of conditioned states that arise as
effect are dependent on them as cause. However,
the conditioning states are not taken as in C.R. but
by class and plane of the Manifold Division and the
relations with the conditioned states, also distinguished
by classes and planes, i.e. by categories (rasi), are
considered. This is illustrated by the two examples
below :
(i) Instead of the 6 roots, the conditioning states
of root condition, the relations are given with those
that are faultless, faulty, etc. as, for instance: 3
sensuous faultless roots are related to (a) their asso-
ciated states and mind-produced matter in the
sensuous and fine-material planes ; (b) their associated
states in the immaterial plane by the force of root
condition. This shows, in detail, how the roots which
are faultless, faulty, resultant and functional are re-
lated to the conditioned, states in the various planes.
Thus the relations given in C.R. have to be distin-
guished in this way.
(ii) Instead of the 6 kinds of objects, which are the
conditioning states of object condition, the relations
are given with those that are faultless, faulty, resul-
tant, functional, supramundane, matter, Nibbana,
concept as, for instance: sensuous faultless object is
related to sensuous faultless, fine-material faultless,
faulty, sensuous resultant, sensuous functional, fine-
material functional, i.e. 6 categories, by the force of
object condition.
The Commentary does not mention the number of
conditioned states that are sensuous faultless, fine-
19
material faultless, etc. nor the specific relations in
C.R. that are involved. Therefore, in order to under-
stand the Commentary, the reader must know the
analytical states of the conditioned states that come
under each category and the particular relations re-
ferred to. These relations are given in the Classifi-
cation Chapter of the Investigation Chapter and so,
although the Analytical Exposition is being dealt with,
quotations from and references to this later portion
of C.R. are given. This shows how important the
Investigation Chapters are.
The Charts. If the Commentary, which treats each
condition in detail and is therefore fairly voluminous,
were to be literally translated, the reader would not
find it interesting and the facts would not be remem-
bered. So, in this Guide, the conditions are taken
according to their groups as given in the Single Enu-
meration Charts (in Intr. to C.R.) and considered in
detail wherever necessary. The information is sum-
marized in Charts which include figures denoting the
number of conditioned states under each category but
which are not given in the Commentary. In this way
the non-Pali reader will readily understand and re-
member the facts of the Commentary. As for the
Pali scholar, it will be of great help to a systematic
understanding of the Pali Commentary. It should be
noted, however, that the Pali terms employed are
different where the conditions are dealt with together
but the meanings are the same as the usual ones for
which they are substitutes.
(1) OBJECT GROUP
(0 Object Condition
Categories Chart of Object Condition. The Condi-
tioning states, which are objects, are itemized as (1)
20
sensuous faultless (consciousnesses), (2) faulty and
so on. The figures given against each item in the
columns of the categories of the conditioned states
such as sensuous faultless, fine-material faultless and
so on are the numbers of conditioned states to which
those conditioning states are related, and below the
Chart the kinds of conditioned states these numbers
denote are given. For example, item 1 is read as:
Sensuous faultless is related to 8 sensuous faultless,
1 fine-material faultless (which performs the function
of super knowledge), 12 faulty, 11 sensuous resultant,
10 sensuous functional, 1 fine-material functional
(which performs the function of superknowledge), i.e.
6 categories (with a total of 43 conditioned states),*
by the force of object condition. Below the Chart
it is shown that 8 stands for 8 great faultless con-
sciousnesses ; 1 for fine-material faultless consciousness
which performs one of the 4 superknowledges men-
tioned there; 12 for 12 faulty consciousnesses; 11 for 1 1
registering consciousnesses ; 10 for mind-door adver-
tence, Arahatta’s smile-consciousness and 8 great
functional consciousnesses or the 11 sensuous functional
consciousnesses with five-door advertence excluded;
1 for fine-material functional consciousness which
performs one of the above 4 superknowledges. They
are the 6 categories with a total of 43 conditioned
states. The last column in the Chart shows that of
the 43 consciousnesses, 12 (11 registering conscious-
nesses and Arahatta’s smile-co nsciou sness) always
take sensuous objects and the rest, i.e. 31 (12 faulty,
8 great faultless, 8 great functional, mind-door adver-
tence, and the 2 fine-material faultless and functional
superknowledges) occasionally. This last column is
given according to the Compendium of Philosophy.
* This total is never given in the Corny. It was pointed
out above that the figures in the Chart are never given.
21
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Sensuous
Alw * 25
Occ = 31
56
Supra Alw = 8
Occ =11
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CO
^—4 ssr
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OO
oo
9, Immat fls
10. Immat fane
11. Supra fls
12. Supra rs
13. Matter
J
14. Nibbana
15. Concept
Figures in (1) Faultless:
Sensuous: 8 = Great faultless
4 = Great faultless associated with
knowledge
Fine-material : 1 = consciousness which performs the
function of superknowledge
(4) = (a) knowledge of penetration into
others’ minds,
(b) knowledge of remembrance of
past existences,
(c) knowledge of rebirths according
to one’s kamma,
(d) knowledge of future existences;
(3) = (c) is excluded from the 4;
(5) against item 5 includes knowledge
of Supernormal power and the
above 4;
(5) against 13 = Divine eye, Divine
ear, knowledge of supernormal
power, knowledge of remembrance
of past existences and knowledge
of future existences;
5 (2) against 15, 5 = 5 Fine-material fault-
less and
(2) = (b) and (d) supernormal knowledges
above
Immaterial: 2 against 9 = Infinity of conscious-
ness, Neither-perception-nor-non-
perception ;
22
2 against 15 = Infinity of space,
Nothingness.
Figures in (3) Resultant:
Sensuous 11 = 11 registering consciousnesses
23 = 23 sensuous resultants
Immaterial: 2 against 9 and against 15 are the
same as those for faultless immate-
rial given above.
Figures in (4) Functional:
Sensuous 10 = (a) Mind-door advertence,
(b) Smile-consciousness of the Arahat
and
(c) 8 great functional conscious-
nesses ;
9 = (b) excluded from above 10;
5 = Mind-door advertence and the 4
great functional consciousnesses
associated with knowledge;
11 = sensuous functional consciousnesses,
i.e. above 10 and five-door
advertence
Fine-material: 1 = consciousness which performs the
function of superknowledge;
(4) & (3) are the same as given for
(1) Faultless , Fine-material ;
(4) against 7 = (3) above and know-
ledge of Supernormal power;
(5) against 13 = same as given in
(1) Faultless , Fine-material
Immaterial: 2 = same as those given for (1)
Faultless , Immaterial.
23
11 CHART ON OBJECTS OF SUPERKNOWLEDGES
Conditioned States
Superknowledges
Conditioning States
Fine-i;
naterial
Fis
j Func
7
! 1 2 3 4 5 6 7
s
! 3
4
' 5
6
7
Nibbana, Concept
II
i
1!
ii
ii
Sensuous resultant,
Sensuous functional,
Fine-material resultant
Immaterial resultant,
Immaterial functional,
S upramu ndane fau 1 1 les s ,
Fruition
II
It
i
1
i
(
!
:
!
j
!
!
i !
U
!
11
!*
1
!
|
i i
j
II
|
i
!
1
!
!
II
|
Fine-material functional
11
|
1
!
j
i i
1
II
(1
' !
;
"
|
Sensuous faultless, Faulty,
Immaterial faultless
1!
II
II
II
11
II
Fine-material functional
II
1
II
II
II
II
Fine-material fau] tless
_ |
.. !
i
!
i
|
j
j
11
II
11
II
F ine-mat erial faultless
" |
!
i
i
i
i
j
j
1!
71
!
II |
1
i
j
|
II I
II
Matter ;
i
"
” 1
» |
7j
’ 1
" !
1!
j
t
j
ii !
1
i
1
II
1 ~ Divine-eye
2 = Divine-ear
3 = Knowledge of supernormal power
4 = Knowledge of penetration into others’ minds
5 = Knowledge of remembrance of past existences
6 = Knowledge of rebirths according to one’s kamma
7 = Knowledge of future existences.
24
TOTAL *
Superknowledges. It will be seen from the Categories
Chart that wherever there is fine-material faultless
superknowledge as the conditioned state, there is also
fine-material functional superknowledge. In order to
avoid repetition when these superknowledges are met
with, they are explained here. A Chart on the Ob-
jects of Super knowledges is provided for ready re-
ference. It is easy to understand. For example,
Nibbana, concept is related to fine-material faultless
and functional superknowledges of remembrance of
past existences and of future existences, i.e. 2 super-
knowledges, by the force of object condition. The
rest can be read off.
Question. Is Nibbana an object of superknowledge ?
Commentary. In the example given above for reading
the Chart on the Objects of Superknowledges, it will
be noted that Nibbana is the object of fine-material
faultless and functional superknowledges of remem-
brance of past existences and of future existences.
Also, against item 14, Nibbana, of the Categories of
Object Condition, it is stated below the Chart that
the 2 of 1(2) in the fine-material and functional
columns denotes these 2 superknowledges, i.e. they
take Nibbana as object. This is stated in the Com-
mentary on which these Charts are based. As their
names imply, these 2 superknowledges take objects
of the past and the future respectively. But these
objects are different from Nibbana which is time-
freed. However, the Commentary explains that when
the aggregates of the past and the future are reviewed
(as objects) by these 2 superknowledges respectively,
then Nibbana, taken as object by these aggregates,
is related to the faultless and functional sujrerknow-
ledges by the force of object condition. But there
are teachers who are not in agreement with this view.
25
Subcommentary ( Miila Tiled). Tn the Limited Tri-
plet of Patthana it is expounded that “Incomparable
aggregates are related to the 2 superknowledges of
remembrance of past existences and of future exis-
tences by object condition.” The incomparable states
(which form one section of this Triplet) consist of
8 supramundane consciousnesses, 36 mental factors
and Nibbana. But since Nibbana is aggregate-freed,
the incomparable aggregates in the relation are the
supramundane consciousnesses and their associated
mental factors and so Nibbana is not included. And
nowhere in Patthana is it expounded that Nibbana
is related to these 2 superknowledges. Also, if Nibba-
na is an object of the superknowledge of remembrance
of past existences, then it would be a past object. But
Nibbana is unconditioned and cannot be so. Besides,
there is no purpose and benefit in knowing Nibbana
when, as the Commentary explains, this superknow-
ledge reviews the past incomparable aggregates that
took Nibbana as object. So the Subcommentary
states that the 6 categories (in the number of cate-
gories column against item 14, Nibbana, in the Chart)
given in the Commentary should be 4.
Author's Question. It is explained by the Subcom-
mentator that Nibbana cannot be an object of the
superknowledge of remembrance of past existences
because it is unconditioned. But concepts are also
unconditioned and yet they are objects of this super-
knowledge. For in this connexion it is stated in the
Suttas that “He was of this name and of this clan”,
etc. Therefore, on this line of reasoning alone, should
not Nibbana also be an object here?
Answer. There is no criticism to be made that the
2 superknowledges take the unconditioned concepts
as objects. This is shown against item 15, Concept,
in the Chart which is based on the Commentary. But
26
although Nibbana is unconditioned and free from
the nascent, static and cessant phase just like the
concepts, it is entirely different in nature. For Nibba-
na is an ultimate reality whereas concepts have no
real existences. Therefore it is not reasonable to
conclude that since Nibbana is unconditioned like
the concepts it must be an object of the 2 super-
knowledges just as concepts are.
Again, it is plainly stated in the Pali Canon that
concepts are objects of the 2 superknowledges such
as “He was of this name and of this clan.” Then
why is it not definitely stated that Nibbana, a pre-
dominant object, is an object of these 2 superknow-
ledges? For the Classification Chapter of the In-
vestigation Chapter deals only with ultimate realities
and it would have been stated in no uncertain terms
that Nibbana, which is certainly an ultimate reality,
is an object of the 2 superknowledges which are also
ultimate realities. But since this is not expounded,
the reason must be that it is not so.
Authors Vie w. The reasons given above by the
Commentator and Subcommentator have to be con-
sidered to find out whether they are in agreement
or not with the Teaching in Patthana. The only
course is to look up other references in that Text.
Since the Subcommentator referred to the term
“aggregates” in incomparable aggregates and there is
some doubt as to whether Nibbana is included in
the aggregates or not, a reference which excludes
aggregates and deals purely and simply with Nibbana
as object must be considered. This is the ohly way
to decide the issue. Such a reference is found in
the Patthana on the Couplet of “States arising from
4 causes” where it is expounded that:
“State not arising from 4 causes (which is Nibbana)
is related to state arising from 4 causes (i.e. 89 con-
27
sciousnesses, 52 mental factors, 28 matter) by object
condition.
Noble men review Nibbana. Nibbana is related
to change-of-lineage, purification, Path, Fruition,
mind-door advertence by object condition.'”
This gives all the states that take Nibbana as ob-
ject. Since superknowledges are not included, this
matter does not need further consideration.
The Super know ledges to he Taken
A few examples will be given to show the super-
knowledges that have to be taken with some of the
fine-material faultless and functional consciousnesses
so that explanations will not have to be repeated with
the rest.
The first 4 items in the Chart will be dealt with.
1. Sensuous Faultless - Fine-material Faultless
(fiiS-fis)
1. Sensuous Faultless - Fine-material Functional
(f!s-ind)
In object condition of the Investigation Chapter
of the Faultless Triplet there is the (fls-fls) answer :
“Faultless state (the conditioning state) is related
to the faultless state (the conditioned state) by object
condition.”
And the relation with the faultless su perk no wl edges
given in the classified answer is:
“Faultless aggregates are related to knowledge of
supernormal power, knowledge of penetration into
others’ minds, knowledge of remembrance of past
existences, knowledge of rebirths according to one’s
kamma, knowledge of future existences by object
condition” (C.R. p. 142, item 404). Of these 5 knowled-
28
ges, that of supernormal power is excluded here because
it is based on fine-material faultless fifth jhana as
object (see item 9 and others in the Detailed Chart
of Object Condition given in the Analytical Exposition
for the objects which these superknowledges take)
instead of sensuous faultless which is under consider-
ation. Therefore, only 4 superknowledges have to be
taken. This is shown at the bottom of the Categories
Chart of Object Condition.
The relation with the functional (indeterminate)
superknowledges is given under the (fls-ind) answer
(item 406. From now on only the item nos. will be
given). FI ere also there are the same 4 superknow-
ledges.
2. Faulty - Fine-material Faultless (fty-fls)
2. Faulty - Fine-material Functional (fty-ind)
Here also there are 4 superknowledges, the same
as the ones above (items 408-9).
3. Sensuous Resultant - Fine-material Faultless
(ind-fls)
3. Sensuous Resultant - Fine-material Functional
(ind-ind)
Here the object is sensuous resultant and, there-
fore, knowledge of rebirths according to one’s kamma
is excluded because it takes past mundane faultless
and faulty kamma as object (item 13 of Detailed
Chart of Object Condition). That is W'hy it is not
included in the (ind-fls) answer (item 411). Of course
knowledge of supernormal power is excluded here as
well.
These 3 superknowledges are also taken for the (ind-
ind) answer (item 410).
4. Sensuous Functional - Fine-material Fault-
less (ind-fls)
29
4. Sensuous Functional - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (ind-ind)
The same 3 superknowledges as above are taken
in the same answers (items 411 and 410). (The Corny,
deals very briefly with the superknowledges.)
Items in the Chart
Now the items in the Categories Chart of Object
Condition will be taken up serially. Wherever the
conditioning states, which are itemized, are related
to the same conditioned states under the same cate-
gories, they are taken in turns with the same category
of conditioned states. These are items 1-4, 5-8, 11-
12. The conditioning and conditioned states given
in C.R. for these relations are quoted or referred to.
1. Sensuous Faultless-Sensuous Faultless (fls-fls )*
“After having offered the offering, having under-
taken the precept, having fulfilled the duty of obser-
vance, (one) reviews it. (One) reviews (such acts)
formerly well done” (item 404).
2. Faulty- Sensuous Faultless (fty-fls)
“Learners review the eradicated defilements. (They)
review the uneradicated defilements. (They) know
the defilements addicted to before.
Learners or common worldlings practise insight
into the impermanency, suffering and impersonality
of the faulty (state)” (item 408).
* The quotations will be found under such answers given
in these headings.
30
3. Sensuous Resultant - Sensuous Faultless (ind-fls)
4. Sensuous Functional- Sensuous Faultless ( ind-fls )
“(they, learners or common worldlings) practise
insight into the impermanency, suffering and imper-
sonality of the resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregates” (item 411).
Fine-material Faultless and Functional Superknow-
ledges. Each of these items and the superknowledges
were explained above.
1. Sensuous Faultless - Faulty ( fls-fty )
“After having offered the offering, having under-
taken the precept, having fulfilled the duty of obser-
vance, (one) enjoys and delights in it. Taking it as
object, arises lust ... arises grief. (One) enjoys and
delights in (such acts) formerly well done. Taking
it as object, arises lust... arises grief” (item 405).
2. Faulty - Faulty ( fty-fty )
“(One) enjoys and delights in lust. Taking it as
object, arises lust ... arises grief ... Taking grief as
object ... arises restlessness” (the whole of item 407).
3. Sensuous Resultant - Faulty ( ind-fty )
4. Sensuous Functional - Faulty (ind-fty)
“(One) enjoys and delights in the resultant indeter-
minate or functional indeterminate aggregates. Taking
it as object, arises lust ... arises grief” (item 412).
1. Sensuous Faultless - Sensuous Resultant (jis-ind)
“Learners or common worldlings practise insight
(i.e. sensuous faultless impulsion) into the imper-
31
maneney, suffering and impersonality of the faultless
(state, the sensuous faultless object taken by the above
sensuous faultless impulsion). When faultless (state,
the impulsion,) has ceased, the resultant (state) arises
as registering (consciousness)” (item 406). In this
mental process, registering consciousness, the sensuous
resultant which arises after the sensuous faultless
impulsion, also takes the same sensuous faultless
object as the impulsion. Thus sensuous faultless
(object) is related to sensuous resultant.
The relation given after the above is: “(Learners
or common worldlings) enjoy and delight in the
faultless (state). Taking it as object, arises lust...
arises grief (faulty impulsion). When faulty (state,
the impulsion,) lias ceased, the resultant arises as
registering” In this mental process, registering
consciousness, the sensuous resultant which arises
after the faulty impulsion, also takes the same fault-
less object as the impulsion. Here also, sensuous
faultless (object) is related to sensuous resultant.
(The 11 in the sensuous resultant column are the 11
registering consciousnesses.)
2. Faulty ~ Sensuous Resultant ( fty-ind )
“Learners or common worldlings practise insight
(i.e. sensuous faultless impulsion) into the impermam-
ency, suffering and impersonality of the faulty (state,
the faulty object taken by the above sensuous fault-
less impulsion). When faultless (state, the impulsion,)
has ceased, the resultant arises as registering” (item
409). In this mental process, registering conscious-
ness, the sensuous resultant which arises after the
faultless impulsion, also takes the same faulty object
as the impulsion. Hence, faulty (object) is related
to sensuous resultant.
32
3. Sensuous Resultant- Sensuous Resultant ( ind-ind )
Although this relation is included in the (ind-ind)
answer, there is no direct quotation in the Faultless
Triplet, similar to the examples immediately above,
showing that registering consciousness takes sensuous
resultant as object in a mental process. But there is
in the Resultant Triplet:
“One practises insight into the impermanency ...
of the resultant aggregates; enjoys and delights in
(those aggregates). Taking it as object, arises lust ...
arises grief. When the faultless or faulty (state, the
impulsion,) has ceased, the resultant arises as regis-
tering (consciousness).” [p. 400, item 92. (i)]. In
this mental process, registering consciousness takes
resultant aggregates (sensuous resultant) as object.
Here sensuous resultant is related to sensuous resul-
tant.
4, Sensuous Functional - Sensuous Resultant
(ind-ind)
(Unlike the above mental processes where the re-
lations show that registering consciousness takes a
sensuous faultless or faulty object when it arises after
the sensuous faultless or faulty impulsion that took
the same object) nowhere in the Text is there a re-
lation that shows registering consciousness takes a
sensuous functional object or arises after a sensuous
functional impulsion. The reason is that there is no
such mental process. If there were, then, in the Re-
sultant Triplet (where the first section, resultant states,
includes registering consciousness, and the third
section, states which are neither resultant nor pro-
ducing resultant states, includes functional conscious-
ness) there would be the classified answer: “When
the state which is neither resultant nor producing
F. 3
33
resultant state has ceased, the resultant arises as re-
gistering.” But this is not given. Such are the re-
marks of the Subcommentary. But, as pointed out,
the Chart is based on the Commentary.
1 . Sensuous Faultless-Sensuous Functional ( fls-ind )
For the 8 sensuous functional consciousnesses (the
8 great functional consciousnesses) the relation is:
“(He, the Arahat,) reviews (the faultless acts) for-
merly well done. (He) practises insight into the
impermanency, suffering and impersonality of the
faultless (state).”
For the rootless sensuous functional consciousness
(mind-door advertence) the relation is:
“Faultless aggregates are related to (mind-door)
advertence” (item 406).
Note. Although there are 10 sensuous functional
consciousnesses given in the Chart the Arahatta’s
smile-consciousness is not specifically expounded in
the Text.
2. Faulty - Sensuous Functional (fty-ind)
Here also, for the 8 sensuous functional conscious-
nesses, the relation is: “The Arahat reviews the eradi-
cated defilements. (He) knows the defilements addicted
to before. (He) practises insight into the imper-
manency, suffering and impersonality of the faulty
(state)” and for mind-door advertence: “Faulty aggre-
gates are related to ( mind-door ) advertence”
(item 409).
34
3. Sensuous Resultant - Sensuous Functional
{ind-ind)
4. Sensuous Functional - Sensuous Functional
{ind-ind)
“(he, the Arahat,) practises insight into the imper-
manency, suffering and impersonality of the resultant
indeterminate or functional indeterminate aggregates”
and for mind-door advertence: “Indeterminate
aggregates are related to (mind-door) advertence”
(item 410).
Note. The reason for giving the conditioning and
conditioned states that come under the categories and
the relevant quotations from the Investigation Chapter
showing the relations between them is that when
one comes to know them, it will be clearly seen how
the relations in that Chapter are obtained. As a
consequence, one will come to understand the Triplets
and Couplets that follow and be able to judge what
the classified answers should be whenever they are
elided in the other Investigation Chapters of Patthana.
If only the contents of the Commentary were simply
given, the reader would not be able to grasp the prin-
ciples underlying the facts and so he would not derive
much benefit from knowing them.
Items 5-8. It will be seen from the Chart that the
differences from the above 4 items are: (1) there are,
instead of 10, only 9 states under sensuous functional
as the Arahatta’s smile-consciousness is excluded ;
(2) the conditioning states are lofty objects which
are taken occasionally by the same 31 conditioned
states but never taken always by any conditioned
state.
35
5. Fine-material Faultless - Sensuous Faultless
(fls-fls)
“Having emerged from jhana, (one) reviews the
jhana” (item 404).
6. Fine-material Resultant - Sensuous Faultless
(ind-fls)
7. Fine-material Functional - Sensuous Faultless
(ind-fls)
8. Immaterial Resultant - Sensuous Faultless
(ind-fls)
‘‘(they, learners or common worldlings,) practise
insight into the impermanency, suffering and imper-
sonality of the resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregates” (item 411). (This is how
the relevant conditioning and conditioned states have
to be selected.)
For Consideration . The relation from the Faultless
Triplet quoted above includes item 8 where immaterial
resultants, as resultant indeterminate aggregates, are
the objects as the conditioning states and sensuous
faultless consciousnesses (and sensuous functional
consciousnesses given later where, instead of learners
or common worldlings, the Arahat is taken in the
relation) are the conditioned states. But the im-
material resultants are not specifically mentioned
here because they are included as resultant indeter-
minate aggregates in the indeterminate section of
this Triplet.
Then, where the immaterial states are specifically
expounded in this object condition the relations are
given with: (i) faultless and functional “infinity of
36
space” (objects) as the conditioning states and fault-
less, resultant and functional “infinity of conscious-
ness” as the conditioned states and (ii) faultless and
functional “nothingness” (objects) as the conditioning
states and faultless, resultant and functional “neither-
perception-nor-non-perception” as the conditioned
states (items 404, 406 and 410). But the relations
with “infinity of consciousness” and “neither per-
ception-nor-non-perception” as conditioning states are
not given. Does this mean that these 2 immaterial
states are not objects as conditioning states of object
condition?
If the Detailed Chart of Object Condition is exa-
mined it will be found that items 4, 5, 6, 11, 12 in-
clude these 2 immaterial states as objects which are
taken occasionally by 31 consciousnesses (the same
31 given in this Categories Chart). Then why are
they not specifically mentioned as conditioning states
here? It is because in this Faultless Triplet (where
the sections are faultless, faulty and indeterminate),
such states as objects, the conditioning states of ob-
ject condition, have to be taken either as faultless
aggregates or (resultant or functional) indeterminate
aggregates. But where these lofty states are one of
the sections as in the Limited States Triplet and States
with Limited Objects Triplet, they are specifically
expounded as: “(One) reviews ‘infinity of conscious-
ness’,^ ‘neither-perception-nor-non-perception’ ” (Pattha-
na Yol. II, pp. 324, 348). And also in the same
Volume in the Past States Triplet as: “(One) reviews
the past ‘infinity of consciousness,’ ‘neither-percep-
tion-nor-non-perception' ” (p. 423).
From the above it will be seen that when these 2
states in question are not specified in a section of a
Triplet but are included in the sections such as the
faultless and indeterminate sections of the Faultless
37
Triplet, they are not specifically mentioned as con-
ditioning states, but that when they are so specified,
as in the sections of the Triplets above, they are given
special mention as conditioning states.
5. Fine-material Faultless - Fine-material Fault-
less (fls-fls) (Superknowledge)
Since fine-material faultless is the object, knowledge
of supernormal power is included and so all the 5
superknowledges are conditioned states as given in
the (fls-fls) answer (item 404). (When similar quota-
tions have been given, only references will be made.)
6. Fine-material Resultant - Fine-material Fault-
less (ind-fls)
7. Fine-material Functional - Fine-material Fault-
less (ind-fls)
8. Immaterial Resultant - Fine-material Fault-
less (ind-fls) (All superknowledges)
Since fine-material faultless is not a conditioning
state here, knowledge of rebirths according to one’s
kamma and that of supernormal power are excluded.
So only 3 superknowledges of item 411 are involved.
5. Fine-material Faultless - faulty (fls-fty)
“Having emerged from jhana, (one) enjoys and
delights arises grief” (item 405).
6. Fine-material Resultant - Faulty (ind-fty)
7. Fine-material Functional - Faulty (ind-fty)
8. Immaterial Resultant - Faulty (ind-fty)
38
“(One) enjoys and delights in the resultant indeter-
minate or functional indeterminate aggregates- ••
arises grief” (item 412).
5. Fine-material Faultless - Sensuous Functional
(fls-ind)
“(He, the Arahat,) practises insight into the im-
permanency ... faultless” (state) and “Faultless aggre-
gates are related to (mind-door) advertence”
(item 406).
6. Fine-material Resultant - Sensuous Functional
(ind-ind)
7. Fine-material Functional - Sensuous Fun-
ctional (ind-ind)
8. Immaterial Resultant - Sensuous Functional
(ind-ind)
“(He, the Arahat,) practises insight into the im-
permanency ... resultant indeterminate or functional
indeterminate aggregates” and “Indeterminate aggre-
gates are related to (mind-door) advertence”
(item 410).
5. Fine-material Faultless - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (fls-ind) (Superknowledge)
Since fine-material faultless can be taken as object
by fine-material functional, knowledge of rebirths
according to one’s kamma is included and so there
are 4 superknowledges (item 406).
6. Fine-material Resultant - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (ind-ind)
39
7. Fine-material Functional - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (ind-ind)
8. Immaterial Resultant - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (ind-ind) (All superknowledges)
For items 6 and 8 the 3 superknowledges are taken
as with the fine-material faultless superknowledge
and for item 7, the 4 as item 5 above, since
fine-material functional can be taken as object by
fine-material functional.
Item 9 .
Here immaterial faultless consciousnesses are the
objects as the conditioning states related to 37 con-
ditioned states, 6 of which always take such lofty
objects and the remaining 31 occasionally.
9. Immaterial Faultless - Sensuous Faultless
(fls-fls)
This is included in the relation given above for
fine-material faultless and sensuous faultless.
9. Immaterial Faultless - Fine-material Fault-
less (fls-fls) (Superknowledge)
Knowledge of supernormal power is excluded and
so take the other 4 in item 404.
9. Immaterial Faultless - Immaterial Fault-
less (fls-fls)
“Faultless ‘infinity of space’ is related to faultless
‘infinity of consciousness’ ” and “Faultless ‘nothing-
ness’ is related to faultless ‘neither-perception-nor-
non-perception’ ’’ (item 404).
40
9. Immaterial Faultless - Faulty (fls-fty)
This is included in the relation given above for
fine-material faultless and faulty.
9. Immaterial Faultless - Immaterial Resultant
(fls-ind)
“Faultless ‘infinity of space’ is related to resultant
‘infinity of consciousness,” and “Faultless ‘nothingness’
is related to resultant ‘neither-perception-nor-non-
perception’ ” (item 406).
9. Immaterial Faultless - Sensuous Functional
(fls-ind)
This is included in the relation given above for
fine-material faultless and sensuous functional.
9. Immaterial Faultless - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (fls-ind) (Superknowledge)
The same 4 superknowledges as the fine-material
faultless superknowledges.
9. Immaterial Faultless - Immaterial Functional {fls-ind)
“Faultless ‘infinity of space’ is related to ‘fun-
ctional’ ‘infinity of consciousness’ ” and “Faultless
‘nothingness’ is related to functional ‘neither-per-
ception-nor-n on-perception’ ” (item 406).
Item 10. Here immaterial functional consciousnesses
are the objects as the conditioning states related to
33 conditioned states, 2 of which - functional infinity
of consciousness and neither-perception-nor-non-per-
ception- always take such lofty objects and the re-
maining 31 occasionally.
41
10. Immaterial Functional * Sensuous Faultless
(ind-fls)
“Learners or common worldlings practise insight
into the impermanency, suffering and impersonality
of the functional indeterminate aggregates"’ (item 411).
(The appropriate conditioned states have to be taken
and so resultant indeterminate aggregates are left
out here.)
10. Immaterial Functional - Fine-material Fault-
less (ind-fls) (Superknowledge)
Knowledge of supernormal power is excluded and
so take the other 3 in item 41 1.
10. Immaterial Functional - Faulty (ind-fty)
“(One) enjoys and delights in the functional in-
determinate aggregates. Taking it as object ••• grief”
(item 412).
10. Immaterial Functional - Sensuous Functional
(ind-ind)
“(he, the Arahat.) practises insight ... impersonality
of the functional indeterminate aggregates” and “In-
determinate aggregates are related to (mind-door)
advertence” (item 410).
10. Immaterial Functional - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (ind-ind) (Superknowledge)
The same 3 as . the fine-material faultless super-
knowledges above.
10. Immaterial Functional - Immaterial Functional
(ind-ind)
‘‘Functional ‘infinity of space’ is related to fun-
ctional ‘infinity of consciousness” and “Functional
42
‘nothingness’ is related to functional ‘neither-percep-
tion-nor-non-perception’ ” (item 410).
Items 11 and 12. The supramundane faultless con-
sciousnesses are the Path-consciousnesses and the
supramundane resultant consciousnesses are the
Fruition-consciousnesses. They are occasionally taken
as objects by 11 conditioned states (4 great faultless
consciousnesses associated with knowledge, fine-
material faultless and functional superknowledges,
mind-door advertence, 4 great functional conscious-
nesses associated with knowledge). The 2 items are
taken together, the quotations with Path being for
the supramundane faultless and with Fruition for
supramundane resultant.
11. Supramundane Faultless - Sensuous Faultless
(fls-fls)
12. Supramundane Resultant - Sensuous Faultless
(ind-fis)
“Learnei s, having emerged from Path, review the
Path” (item 404 ). “Learners review (lower) Fruition”
(item 411). (The Learner can review only the Path
and Fruition attained.)
11. Supramundane Faultless - Fine-material Fault-
less (fis-fls)
12. Supramundane Resultant - Fine-material Fault
less (ind-fls) (Superknowledges)
It will be seen from the Detailed Chart of Object
Condition (items 11, 12 and 14) that the 3 superknow-
ledges given for immaterial functional above can
take supramundane objects. So select these 3 in
items 404 and 411.
43
11. Supramundane Faultless - Sensuous Functional
(fls-ind)
12. . Supramundane Resultant - Sensuous Fun-
ctional (ind-ind)
“Having emerged from (Arahalta) Path, the Arahat
reviews the Path” and “The Arahat reviews (Arahat-
ta) Fruition” (item 410). Also “Faultless aggregates
are related to (mind-door) advertence” (item 406) and
“Indeterminate aggregates are related to (mind-door)
advertence” (item 410).
11. Supramundane Faultless - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (fls-ind)
12. Supramundane Resultant - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (ind-ind) (Superknowledges)
The same 3 as the fine-material faultless super-
knowledges above.
Item 13. Material states are the objects as the con-
ditioning states related to 56 conditioned states, of
which 25 always take sensuous objects and the re-
maining 31 occasionally.
13. Matter - Sensuous Faultless (ind-fis)
“Learners or common worldlings practise insight
into the impermanency, suffering and impersonality
of the eye ... (heart-)base” (item 411).
13. Matter - Fine-material Faultless (ind-fls)
(Superknowledge)
There are 5 superknowledges: Divine-eye, Divine-
ear,. knowledge of supernormal power, knowledge of
44
remembrance of past existences, knowledge of future
existences (item 411).
13. Matter - Faulty (ind-fty)
“(One) enjoys and delights in the eye ... (heart)-
base. Taking it as object, arises lust ... arises grief”
(item 412).
13. Matter - Sensuous Resultant (ind-ind)
The 23 conditioned states under the sensuous re-
sultant column are: (i) twice fivefold consciousnesses,
(ii) 2 mind-elements (2 recipient consciousnesses),
(iii) 11 registering consciousnesses. They are dealt
with separately below.
13. Matter - (i) Twice Fivefold Consciousnesses
“Visible object-base is related to eye-consciousness
... tangible object-base is related to body-conscious-
ness” (item 410).
13. Matter - (ii) 2 Mind-elements
This relation is not expounded in the Investigation
Chapter which deals only with the 6 consciousness
elements. But in the Analytical Exposition [p. 2,
item 2 (vi)] it is given as: “Visible object-base ... tangi-
ble object-base is related to mind-element and its
associated states.”
13. Matter - (iii) Registering Consciousnesses
(ind-ind)
Although this (ind-ind) relation is included in the
Faultless Triplet, it is not given because sensuous
resultants are not impulsions and, therefore, regis-
45
tering consciousness cannot arise after a resultant
state in a mental process unlike the cases of the fault-
less and faulty. And in the Resultant Triplet (where
the third section includes functional consciousnesses
and matter) there are functional impulsions but the
relation is not given because registering conscious-
ness does not arise after such functional impulsions.
But the first section of the Clinging Triplet con-
sists of resultant (not functional) consciousnesses and
kamma-produced matter and in this case the relation
is given as: “Learners or common worldlings practise
insight into the impermenency, suffering, and im-
personality of the eye; enjoy and delight in (the eye)
... (heart-)base ... When the faultless or faulty has
ceased, the resultant arises as registering” [C.R. p. 457
item 52(i)]. (For the analytical states of the sections
of the Resultant and Clinging Triplets see C.R. Intr.
pp.lxix-lxx.)
13. Matter - Sensuous Functional (ind-ind)
The 11 conditioned states under the sensuous fun-
ctional column are: (i) 8 great functional conscious-
nesses, (ii) five-door advertence, (iii) mind-door ad-
vertence, ( iv ) Arahatta’s smile-consciousness.
Although the latter is not expounded anywhere it is
given here because, being an impulsion, it can take
matter as object.
13. Matter - (i) Great Functional Consciousnesses
“The Arahat practises insight into the imperman-
ency ... of the eyebase ... (heart-)base” (item 410).
13. Matter - (ii) Five-door Advertence
As in the case of the 2 mind-ele nents (recipient
consciousnesses), five-door advertence, which is the
46
remaining mind-element, is not expounded in the
Investigation Chapter but only in the Analytical Ex-
position where, as mind-element, it is included with
the other 2 mind-elements. (See the quotation already
given for the latter.)
13. Matter - (iii) Mind-door Advertence
“Indeterminate aggregates are related to (mind-
door) advertence” (item 410).
13. Matter - Fine-material Functional (ind-ind)
(Superknowledge)
The same 5 as the fine-material faultless super-
knowledges (item 410).
Item 14. Nibbana is the object as the conditioning
state related to 19 conditioned states, of which the
8 supramundane consciousnesses always take it as
object and the remaining 11 occasionally.
14. Nibbana - Sensuous Faultless (ind-fls)
The 4 great faultless * consciousnesses associated
with knowledge take Nibbana as object in the Nibba-
na review and Path mental processes. The relations
are: “(They, the Learners,) review Nibbana” and
“Nibbana is related to change-of-lineage, purification”
(item 411).
14. Nibbana - Fine-material Faultless (ind-fls)
14. Nibbana - Fine-material Functional (ind-ind)
(Superknowledges)
According to the Commentary, the 2 superknow-
ledges are: knowledge of remembrance of past exis-
tences and knowledge of future existences, and these
47
12. CATEGORIES CHART OF
OBJECT— PREDOMINANCE CONDITION
Conditioned States
1
FIs
Fty
Rs
Func
Sensuous
Sens.
Conditioning States
OO
C/3
O
* • r—4
Diss. from
knowledge
Ass. with
knowledge
Supra-
Mundane
Greed-
rooted
Supra-
mundane
j Ass. with
knowledge
Vh
o
w>
35
u
Total
1. Sensuous faultless,
Fine-material
faultless,
Immaterial faultless
ii
ii
2
16
2. Supramundane
faultless and
resultant
II
*
ii
2
8
3. Greed-rooted,
resultant and
functional in
3 planes,
18 produced matter
li
V
1
8
4. Nibbana
li
U
ii
ii
4
16
are given in items 12 and 14 of the Detailed Chart
of Object Condition. But in the explanation of the
superknowledges, the remarks of the Subcommen-
tary and the author’s view were given as to why these
Superknowledges cannot take Nibbana as object.
There are no quotations for them in Patthana.
14. Nibbana - Supramundane Faultless (Path)
(ind-fls)
“Nibbana is related to Path” (item 411).
14. Nibbana - Supramundane Resultant (Fruition)
(ind-ind)
“Nibbana is related to Fruition” (item 410).
14. Nibbana - Sensuous Functional (ind-ind)
Functional
For the 4 great functional consciousnesses asso-
ciated with knowledge the relation is: “(He, the
Arahat,) reviews Nibbana” and for mind-door ad-
vertence: “Nibbana is related to (mind-door) adver-
tence” (item 410).
Item 15. A concept is the object as the conditioning
state related to 52 conditioned states, of which 21
always take concept as object and the remaining 31
occasionally. See the Detailed Chart of Object Con-
dition for the consiousnesses that take concept as
object. But the relations are not expounded in the
Investigation Chapter because it does not deal with
concepts. However, in the Analytical Exposition
[p. 2, item 2 (vii)] there is the relation: “All states
are related to mind-consciousness element and its
associated states.” Here concept is included because
it comes under “states”.
F. 4
49
Now that the Chart, which provides the method
and summarizes the contents of the Commentary,
has been explained, all the information in the Com-
mentary can be easily understood and remembered
by reference to that Chart* Items 1-4 are taken
together to serve as an example for reading the rest
of the Chart*
liow to Read the Chart. Sensuous faultless, faulty,
sensuous resultant or sensuous functional, the con-
ditioning state of object condition, is related to sen-
suous faultless, fine-material faultless (superknow-
ledge), faulty, sensuous resultant, sensuous functional
and fine-material functional (superknowledge), i.e.
6 categories (with a total of 43 conditioned states),
by the force of object condition. The rest can be
read off.
(ii) Object-predominance Condition
Refer to the Object Group Chart in the Intr. to
C.R. It will be seen that in object-predominance
condition: (i) the conditioning states, the estimable
objects, are 18 produced matter and 84 conscious-
nesses and (ii) the conditioned states are 28 conscious-
nesses that are faultless, faulty, resultant or functional
as shown in the Categories Chart of this condition.
As in object condition, the conditioning states which
have the same conditioned states are taken together.
Item 1.
Sensuous Faultless - Sensuous Faultless (fls-fls)
Here sensuous faultless consciousnesses, the con-
ditioned states, take sensuous faultless objects with
esteem. The relations are: “After having offered the
offering ••• (one) esteems and reviews it. (One)
50
esteems and reviews (such acts) formerly well done.
Learners esteem and review change-of-lineage. (They)
esteem and review purification” (item 413).
Fine-material Faultless - Sensuous Faultless (fls-fls)
Immaterial Faultless - Sensuous Faultless (fls-fls)
“Having emerged from jhana, (one) esteems and
reviews the jhana” (item 413).
Sensuous Faultless - Faulty (fls-fty)
Here the faulty conditioned states are the 8 greed-
rooted consciousnesses. The relations are: “After
having offered the offering ••• (one) esteems, enjoys
... arises wrong views. (One) esteems, enjoys and
delights in (faultless acts) formerly well done ... wrong
views” (item 414).
Fine-material Faultless - Faulty (fls-fty)
Immaterial Faultless - Faulty (fls-fty)
“Having emerged from jhana, (one) esteem ...
wrong views” (item 414).
Item 2.
Supramundane faultless consciousnesses are the
Path-consciousnesses and supramundane resultant
consciousnesses are the Fruition-consciousnesses.
These conditioning states are taken together as supra-
mundane because the quotations for them can be
distinguished.
Supramundane-Sensuous Faultless (fls-fls) & (ind-fls)
The faultless conditioned states which can take
Path or Fruition as object are the 4 great faultless
51
consciousnesses associated with knowledge. “Learners,
having emerged from Path, esteem and review the
Path” (item 413). “Learners esteem and review (lower)
Fruition” (item 416).
Supramundane - Sensuous Functional (fls-ind) &
(ind-ind)
The functional conditioned states, which arise only
in the Arahat, are the 4 great functional conscious-
nesses associated with knowledge. ’“Having emerged
from (Arahatta) Path, the Arahat esteems and re-
views the Path” (item 414). “The Arahat esteems
and reviews (Arahatta) Fruition” (item 416).
Item 3.
The conditioning states - greed-rooted conscious-
nesses, resultant and functional in 3 planes (sensuous,
fine-material and immaterial) and produced matter -
are taken together because they are the estimable
objects of greed-rooted consciousnesses, the condi-
tioned states.
Greed-rooted Cons. - Greed-rooted Cons, (fty-fty)
“(One) esteems, enjoys and delights in lust •••
(One) esteems, enjoys and delights in wrong views.
Taking it as estimable object, arises ... wrong views”
(item 415).
Resultant, etc. - Greed-rooted Cons, (ind-fty)
“(One) esteems, epjoys and delights in the eye...
resultant indeterminate or functional indeterminate
aggregates. Taking it as estimable object ••• wrong
views” (item 416).
52
13. CATEGORIES CHART OF OBJECT— PRENASCENCE CONDITION
PJOl . o
1 ~
m
<N
<N
S9UoSajB3
*
<N
'O
rj. f— ^
CN <N
Functional
Fine-
Material
Divine-
eye
Divine*
ear
Sensuous
5-door
adv.
9 impulsions
md-dr-adv
[
Resultant
Sensuous
2 eye-
cons.
2 ear-
2 nose-
2 tongue-
2 body-
cons.
2 reci-
pient
11 regis-
tering
r-H
*
Faultless
I
Fine-
Material
i
Divine-
eye
Divine-
ear
snonsuas
00
Materiality
1. Present Visible
Object,
Sound,
Odour,
Taste,
Present Tangible
Object
2. Present five objects
3. Present IS produced
matter
4. Present visible object
which is far, hidden,
soft and subtle
5. Present sound which
is far, hidden, soft
and subtle
item 4 .
The 16 conditioned states which esteem Nibbana
are given in the Chart. The conditioned states that
are faultless and those that are indeterminate are
taken together.
Nibbana - Sensuous Faultless Assoc, with
Knowledge (ind-fls)
Nibbana - Supramundane Faultless (Path)
(ind-fls)
“(They, Learners,) esteem and review Nibbana.
Nibbana is related to change-of-lineage, purification,
Path” (item 416).
Nibbana - Sensuous Functional Assoc, with
knowledge (ind-ind)
Nibbana - Supramundane Resultant (Fruition)
(ind-ind)
“(He, the Arahat,) esteems and reviews Nibbana.
Nibbana is related to Fruition” (item 416).
How to Read the Chart. Sensuous faultless, fine-
material faultless or immaterial faultless, the condi-
tioning state of object-predominance condition, is
related to sensuous faultless and faulty (greed-rooted
consciousnesses), i.e. 2 categories (with a total of
16 conditioned states), by the force of object-predo-
minance condition. The rest can be read oft'.
(iii) Object-prenascence Condition
1, 2, Five Objects - Sensuous Resultant and Fun-
ctional (ind-ind)
How to Read the Chart. Present visible object-base,
the conditioning state of object-prenascence ccndi-
54
tion, is related to sensuous resultant (2 eye-conscious-
nesses), i.e. 1 category (with a total of 2 conditioned
states), by the force of object-prenascence condition
and so on. The Investigation Chapter gives this
first item as: “Visible object-base is related to eye-
consciousness ••• tangible object-base is related to
body-consciousness” [item 424 (i) (a)].
Present visible object-base ... or tangible object-
base, the conditioning state of object-prenascence
condition, is related to sensuous resultant (2 recipient
consciousnesses) and sensuous functional (five-door
advertence), i.e. 2 categories (with a total of 3 condi-
tioned states), by the force of object-prenascence
condition. The Analytical Exposition gives this as:
“Visible object-base ... tangible object-base is related
to mind-element and its associated states” [p. 7,
item 10 (vi) etc.].
The Commentary takes these 2 items together and
states: “Five objects, visible object-base and the rest,
are always related to twice fivefold consciousnesses
and 3 mind-elements by the force of object-prenas-
cence condition.” “Always” in the above relation
shows that the conditioned states always take their
respective objects. This knowledge of the conditioned
states which always or occasionally take the condi-
tioning states as objects is very useful in the Enume-
ration Chapters of the Investigation Chapter.
3. Present 18 Produced Matter - Sensuous Fault-
less (ind-fls)
“Learners or common worldlings practise insight
into the impermanencv ••• (heart-)base” [item 424
(ii) (a)l
55
3. Present 18 Produced Matter - Faulty (ind-fty)
“(One) enjoys and delights in the eye ... (heart-)
base ... arises grief” [item 424 (iii) (a)].
3. Present 18 Produced Matter - Sensuous Resul-
tant (ind-ind)
It was pointed out in object condition that the re-
lation between matter and registering consciousness
is not expounded in the Faultless Triplet but only in
the Clinging Triplet. Here the Commentary remarks
that the sensuous resultants to be taken are those
that perform the function of registering. But since
the 2 investigating consciousnesses and the 8 great
resultants included there, also perform the function of
rebirth (and also those of life-continuum and death),
the Subcommentary elucidates by stating that these
sensuous resultants are not to be taken when they
perform the function of rebirth. The reason is that
such sensuous resultants are not conditioned states
of base-prenascence condition (which occurs during
life) and, therefore, are not of object-prenascence
condition. For only those of base-prenascence are
also those of object-prenascence. Besides, even though
such resultants which are not of object-prenascence
take present sign of kamma as object, it is an object
of the preceding existence and so it is not very clear.
Therefore, these resultants which take such objects
are conditioned states of object condition but not
of object-prenascence.
3. Present 18 Produced Matter - Sensuous Fun-
ctional (ind-ind)
Here the sensuous functional consciousnesses taken
are the 8 great functional consciousnesses, Arahatta’s
smile-consciousness (i.e. the 9 impulsions) and mind-
56
door advertence. It was pointed out that Arahatta’s
smile-consciousness is not expounded anywhere
and here mind-door advertence is not expounded.
The relation is: “The Arahat practises insight into
the impermanency ... of the eye ... (heart-)base”
[item 424(i)(a)].
4. Present Visible Object- Fine-material
Faultless (ind-fls)
5. Present Sound Fine-material Faultless
(ind-fls) (Superknowledges)
“(Learners or common worldlings), by the power
of divine-eye, see the visible object. By the power
of divine-ear element, hear the sound” [item 424(h)
(a)].
4. Present Visible Object- Fine-material Functional
(ind-ind)
5. Present Sound-Fine-material Functional (ind-ind)
(Superknowledges)
“(The Arahat), by the power of divine-eye, sees
the visible object. By the power of divine-ear element,
hears the sound” [item 424(i)(a)].
The Commentary takes items 3, 4 and 5 together
and states: “18 produced matter are related to sensuous
faultless, fine-material faultless (superknowledge),
faulty, sensuous resultant, sensuous functional, fine-
material functional (superknowledge), i.e. 6 categories
(with a total of 43 conditioned states), by the force
of object-prenascence. condition”. This ‘6’, shown in
the Categories column of the Chart, is obtained by
adding the different categories of the 3 items.
57
The Other Conditions of the Object Group
The conditioning and conditioned states of base-
object-prenascence-dependence and the rest of the
conditions of the object group are minor parts of
those of the conditions already dealt with. So, with
the aid of the Object Group Chart, there should be
no difficulty in working them out as above. The
Commentary makes no mention about them.
End of Object Group
(2) CONASCENCE GROUP
The Commentary deals with each of the 15
conditions of the conascence group in their serial
order. But here, for quick and ready reference, the
contents of the Commentary are compiled in a single
Chart. After dealing with this Chart, another
Detailed Chart is provided and explained giving all
the details necessary to have a thorough understanding
of these 15 conditions but which are not included in
the Commentary.
(/) Minor Conascence conditions 7
The Commentary deals fairly exhaustively with root
condition but with the rest of the Minor conascence
conditions they are treated together in some places
and in the cases where the wording is different it has
the same meaning as in the Text.
On examination of the conditioned states of these
7 conditions it will be found that, except for conas-
cence- predominance (where rebirth kamma -produced
matter is not included and therefore there is no re-
lation at the moment of conception), they are the
same, i.e. associated aggregates, mind-produced matter
and rebirth k amma-pr o duced matter. That is why
conascence-predominance is dealt with separately and
the other 6 taken together. As in the object group,
the Commentary itemizes the conditioning states as
faultless, faulty, resultant, functional and matter in
that order but here they are taken together wherever
the conditioned states are the same.
The Chart. The heading consists of (1) the condi-
tioning states of the 15 conascence conditions which
are itemized and (2) the conditioned states under
which are (a) during life in the five-aggregate planes
(i.e. the sensuous and fine-material planes as given
in the Chart but which the Commentary combines
as sensuous fine-material) and in the four- aggregate
planes (i.e. 4 immaterial planes); (b) at the moment
of conception in the same planes ; (c) great primaries ;
(d) derived matter; (e) resultant aggregates. The
last three are for Major and Medium conascence.
As regards the conditioning states, items 1 - 6 are for
minor conascence and items 1-5, 7-9 are for both
Major and Medium conascence. The unincluded
faultless and resultant are the supramundane fault-
less and resultant states because Nibbana is excluded
since it is not a conditioning state as in object con-
dition. The Commentary does not give the numbers
of categories. There should be no difficulty in un-
derstanding the Chart as it is based on the Single
Enumeration Charts of the Conascence Group to
which reference can be made.
6 Minor Conascence Conditions
How to Read the Chart. Item 1. 1, 2 or 3 Toots,
volitions, 3 mental nutriment factors, 8 mental faculty
1. For the faulty take 1 for delusion-rooted cons, and 2 for
greed-rooted and hate-rooted cons; for the sensuous faultless,
resultant and functional take 2 for thosedissociated from knowledge
and 3 for those associated with knowledge; for the rest, i.e. fine^-
material, immaterial and supramundane cons, take 3.
Similarly, take the appropriate volitions, nutriments, etc. in the
•other conditions. The Ones to be taken are given in the explanations
and summarized in a Detailed Chart which follows this Corny. ;
59
14 CHART OF CONASCENCE GROUP
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On
factors, 5 jhana factors, 9 path factors (the condi-
tioning states of the 6 conditions) present at sensuous
faultless, immaterial faultless, unincluded faultless,
faulty, unincluded resultant, sensuous functional or
immaterial functional are related to the associated
states/ and mind-produced matter during life in the
five-aggregate planes which are sensuous and fine-
material and to the associated states during life in
the 4 immaterial planes by the force of root condition,
kamma condition and so on respectively. [(Refer to
these conditions in the Investigation Chapter for the
relevant relations given under (fls-fls), (fls-ind), (fls-fls,
ind), (fty-fty), (fty-ind), (fty-fty,ind), and during life
(ind-ind).]
Here the conditioned states during life in (i) the
immaterial plane are “associated states” and (ii) the
five-aggregate planes are “associated states and mind-
produced matter” and the conditioning states are the
appropriate roots (sensuous faultless roots, etc.) for
root condition, the appropriate volitions for kamma
condition and so on. And it will be seen below
that the conditioned states at the moment of con-
ception in (i) the immaterial plane are also “associated
states” but that in (ii) the five-aggregate planes are
“associated states and kamma-produced matter”.
Item 2. 3 roots, volitions, 3 mental nutriment factors
8 mental faculty factors, 5 jhana factors, 5 path
factors present at fine-material faultless or functional
are related to the associated states and mind-pro-
duced matter during life in the 26 five -aggregate planes
only by the force of root condition, etc. (Fine-
material faultless and functional do not occur in the
immaterial plane.)
1. The Corny, employs the term ‘states’ instead of ‘aggregates’
given in C.R. This is an example to show that though the wording
is different both mean the same thing.
60
Item 3. Roots, etc/, present at sensuous resultant
are related to the associated states and mind-pro-
duced matter during life in the 11 sensuous planes
and to the associated states and kamma-produced
matter at the moment of conception in the 1 1 sensuous
planes by the force of root condition, etc. (Sensuous
resultants belong to the sensuous plane only. And
only the sensuous resultants which perform the fun-
ction of rebirth are taken for the relation at the
moment of conception.)
Item 4. Roots, etc. present at fine-material resul-
tant are related to the associated states and mind-
produced matter during life in the 15 fine-material
planes exclusive of the non-percipient plane and to
the associated states and kamma-produced matter at
the moment of conception in the above planes by
the force of root condition, etc. (Fine-material resul-
tants belong to the fine-material plane only.)
Item 5. Roots, etc. present at immaterial resultant
are related to the associated states during life and
at the moment of conception in the 4 immaterial
planes by the force of root condition, etc. (Iim
material resultants belong to the immaterial plane
only.)
Conascence-predominance Condition
Since this condition does not occur at the moment
of conception, the conditioned states under this head-
ing are excluded and only those under during life
are taken. The matter taken, of course, is predo-
minant mind-produced matter. Also, the conditioned
states are impulsions and so supramundane resul-
1. Take the appropriate roots, volitions, nutriments, faculties,
jhana factors, path factors in all cases.
61
tants are the only resultants taken. As for the lofty
and supramundane impulsions and the faulty states
with fixed destiny due to wrong views (micchattani-
yata dhamma ), they are always conditioned states of
this condition.
Now to Read the Chart. Item 1. The 3 or 4 pre-
dominant factors (3 for faulty and for consciousnesses
dissociated from knowledge and 4 for the rest) pre-
sent at sensuous faultless, immaterial faultless, un-
included faultless faulty, (i.e. predominant greed-
irooted and hate-rooted impulsions), unincluded resul-
tant, sensuous functional or immaterial functional
are related to their associated states and predominant
mind-produced matter in the five-aggregate planes
and to their associated states in the 4 immaterial
planes by the force of conascence -predominance
condition.
Item 2. The 4 predominant factors present at fine-
material faultless or functional are related to their
associated states and predominant mind-produced
matter in the five-aggregate planes only by the force
of conascence-predominance condition.
Item 6. The faulty predominant factors present at
the faulty states with fixed destiny due to wrong views
in the sensuous plane are always related to their as-
sociated states and predominant mind - produced
matter by the force of conascence - predominance
condition.
Note. Items 3, 4 and 5 are not concerned since the
conditioned states are not impulsions.
(//) 4 Major Conascence Conditions
The relations of major and medium conascence
conditions are not given as: “I faultless aggregate
62
is related to 3 aggregates, etc.” according to the In-
vestigation Chapter but as “associated states” just
like those of minor conascence above. In drawing
up the Chart to include all the 15 conditions, it was
not possible to adhere to the arrangement and exact
wording of the Commentary. But all the information
given in the latter is included in the Chart as both
are based on the Single Enumeration Charts. The
Pali scholar will find it to be so.
How to Read the Chart. Item 1-5. Similar to the 6
minor conascence conditions. The conditioning states
are taken as sensuous faultless consciousness, etc.
not as roots, etc. present at these consciousnesses
as in the minor conascence. That is why they are
not mentioned in the Commentary.
Item 7. With regard to kamma-produced matter
one of the 4 causes-produced matter - 1 great primary
is related to 3 great primaries; 3 great primaries are
related to 1 great primary; 2 great primaries are re-
lated to 2 great primaries ; 4 great primaries are related
to derived matter by the force of conascence and the
rest of the 4 major conascence conditions. (These
relations are for kamma-produced matter at rebirth,
during life and of non-percipient beings.)
The Text gives these relations as: “1 great primary
is related to 3 great primaries ... great primaries are
related to kamma-produced derived matter” and
“I great primary of non-percipient beings is related
to 3 great primaries ... great primaries are related
to kamma-produced derived matter” [p. 152, item
419 (vii) (c) and (e)].
Item 8. At the moment of conception in sensuous
fine-material (five-aggregate planes), heart-base is re-
lated to resultant aggregates (15 rebirth-conscious-
nesses) by the forces of conascence condition, etc.
63
The Text is : “At the moment of conception, (heart)
-base is related to aggregates” [p. 152, item 419
(vii) (b)].
Item 9. With regard to temperature-produced, mind-
produced, nutriment-produced matter (the remaining
3 of the 4 causes-produced matter), 1 great primary
is related to 3 great primaries; 3 great primaries are
related to 1 great primary; 2 great primaires are re-
lated to 2 great primaries; 4 great primaries are re-
lated to derived matter by the forces of conascence
condition, etc.
The Text is: “1 great primary is related to 3 great
primaries ... great primaries are related to mind-
produced derived matter”; “ 1 nutriment-produced
great primary ... derived matter”; “ 1 temperature-
produced great primary... derived matter” [item 419
(c)-(d)].
For this last item the Commentary states that in
the Analytical Exposition it is given as: “The four
great primaries are mutually related to one another”
and “The great primaries are related to derived
matter” [p. 5, item 6 (ii) and (v)]. Here it is given in
accordance with the Investigation Chapter. (Refer to
item 3 of the Chart where rebirth kamma-produced
matter is the conditioned state at the moment of
conception but which is not included in the Analytical
Exposition. This shows that the Commentary is
based on the Investigation Chapter.)
(iii) 4 Medium Conascence Conditions
Mutuality Condition
The relations given are based on the Investigation
Chapter. Here mind-produced matter and derived
matter are not conditioned states and so they are
64
left out. As for rebirth kamma-produced matter,
only heart-base is the conditioned state.
How to Read the Chart. Item 1 8c 2. As for Major
conascence but taking only the associated states as
the conditioned states.
Items 3 & 4. Under the kamma-produced matter
column take heart-base. The 2 items are read toge-
ther as: Sensuous resultant and fine-material resultant
are related to (a) the associated states during life in
the 26 five-aggregate planes; (b) the associated states
and heart-base at the moment of conception in
those planes by the force of mutuality condition.
The Text for (a) is the usual one with the aggre-
gates and for (b): “At the moment of conception,
one resultant indeterminate aggregate is related to 3
aggregates and (heart ~)base ...” [p. 153, item 420
(iii) (a) & (b)].
Items 5, 7-9. In mutuality condition there is no
relation between great primaries and derived matter.
So where this is not included, as in items 5 and 8,
read off as in the Chart. But in items 7 and 9, the
relations with derived matter are not taken.
Resultant Condition
Select the resultants in the items of the Chart.
How to Read the Chart. Item 1. Take only the
unincluded resultant and read it in the usual way.
Items 3-5. Read them as in the Chart.
Although the Investigation Chapter gives the re-
lation: “At the moment of conception, aggregates are
related to (heart-)base” in resultant condition, the
Commentary does not mention it here nor in mutua-
lity, conascence-dissociation and the 4 Major co-
nascence conditions. It must be because in items 3
F. 5
65
and 4 heart-base is included in kamma-produced
matter.
Association Condition
Since the conditioning and conditioned states are
mentality, read items 1-5 taking only mentality as
conditioned states.
Conascence-dissociation Condition
In dissociation condition of the Investigation
Chapter and the Analytical Exposition it will be seen
that when mentality is the conditioning state, materi-
ality is the conditioned state and vice versa.
How to Read the Chart . Items 1 & 2. Take only
mind-produced matter as conditioned state.
Items 3 & 4 . For the relation during life take only
mind -produced matter and for that at the moment of
conception take only kamma-produced matter as
conditioned states.
Items 5 , 7 , 9 . They are not included.
Item 8 . Read as in the Chart.
All the relations given in the Commentary are based
on the Investigation Chapter. So the relevant quota-
tions for them can be referred to under the condi-
tions in that Chapter as was exemplified above.
CONASCENCE GROUP IN DETAIL
Detailed Chart of Conascence Group. The heading
consists of:
(1) The conditioning states. Items 1 - 19 = types of
consciousnesses with the numbers of consciousnesses
66
hnd associated mental factors shown against each;
20 = great primaries; 21 = five -aggregate rebirth con-
sciousnesses ; 22 = heart-base.
(2) 7 Minor conascence conditions. The figures in
the columns are the numbers of realities present at
each type of consciousness under (1) above. So the
figures in each column read against items 1-19 are
the conditioning states of each of the Minor cona-
scence conditions.
(3) During life. This gives the conditioned states
that arise during life in the five- and four-aggregate
planes. The mental aggregates, marked with as-
terisks, are those of Major and Medium conascence
and associated aggregates are those of Minor con-
ascence. Mind-produced matter and planes are
meant for all the 15 conascence conditions.
(4) At rebirth. This gives the conditioned states
that arise at the moment of conception. They are
taken in the same way as (3) above.
(5) The conditioned states, taken appropriately, of
Major and Medium conascence conditions.
Minor Conascence Conditions
The figures in the Minor conascence columns
against the items denote the numbers of the con-
ditioning states.
Root
Of the 6 roots of root condition, the appropriate
ones (1, 2 or 3 as shown in the Chart) are taken for
the relations with the rooted consciousnesses.
Item 1. 2 roots, non-greed and non-hate, are taken
for great faultless consciousnesses dissociated from.
67
15 DETAILED CHART OF CO-NASCENCE GROUP
(1) Consciousnesses 89
(1-19)
(i)
(2) Minor Co-nascence 7
Ro
Pd
Kam
•Nu
Fa
Jha
Pa
No. of Consciousnesses
Associated mental factors
Roots'
Cn— predominance
1
a
i
n
1
1
ii — faculty
Jhana
Path
1. Great faultless
s
38
2-3
3-4
Vol
3
7-8
4-5
7-8
2. Fine-Material fls and fUnc
10
35
3
4
ii
ii
8
5
5
3. Immaterial n
8
30
3
4
ii
ii
8
2
5
4. Sotapatti Path
1
36
3
4
ii
n
8
5
8
5. Middle Paths and Fruitions 1
4
36
3
4
tl
ii
8
5
8
6. Upper Paths & Fruitions 2
3
36
3
4
II
ii
8
5
8
1. Greed-rooted, Delusion-rooted
10
22
16
2-1
3-x
II
ii
5
D-4
5-4
4
2-3
8. Hate-rooted
2
22
2
3
II
ii
5
4
3
9. 2 eye and 2 ear-
4
7
II
ii
3
10. 2 noses-, 2 tongues-, 2 body-
6
7
II
ii
3
11. Investigating consciousness
Accompanied by indifference
2
10
II
ii
3
4-
12. Investigating cons acc by
pleasure
1
11
II
ii
3
5
1 3 . Mind-element
3
10
II
it
3
4
14. Great resultant
8
33
1 2-3
II
ii
7-8
4-5
4-5
15. Fine-material resultant
5
35
3
II
ti
8
5
5
16. Immaterial resultant
4
30
3
II
ii
8
2
5
17. Mind-door advertence
1
11
ft
ii
5
4
18. Arahatta’s smile-cons
1
12
II
ii
5
5
19. Great functional
8
35
2-3
3-4
H
«
7-8
4-5
45~
20. Great primaries
4
1
i
j
i
1-
!
21. 5-aggregate rebirth cons.
15
35
22. Heart -base
1
i
I
1. Sakadag5mi Path, Anagami Path and Sotapatti Fruition, Sakadagami Fruition.
Arahatta Path and Anaganii Fruition, Arahatta Fruition.
(3) During life
5 agg. planes
4 agg. planes
(4) At the moment of j
conception
( 5 )
1-3-2
4
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planes
knowledge and 3 roots, non-greed, non-hate and noli-
delusion, for those associated with knowledge.
Item 7. 2 roots, greed and delusion, are taken for
greed-rooted consciousnesses and 1 root, delusion,
for delusion-rooted consciousnesses.
Item 8. 2 roots, hate and delusion, are taken for
hate-rooted consciousnesses.
Items 14 & 19. 2 and 3 stand for the same roots as
given for great faultless consciousnesses.
Other Items . 3 in all the other items are the 3 roots,
non-greed, non-hate and non-delusion.
Conascence-predominance
Desire, effort, consciousness and investigating-
wisdom are the 4 predominant factors which are
taken for the relations with the predominating im-
pulsions.
Items 1 & 19. When investigating- wisdom is excluded
there are 3. It is for those impulsions dissociated
from knowledge.
Items 7 & 8. 3 for greed-rooted and hate-rooted
impulsions which are faulty. The cross against 7
shows that delusion-rooted consciousnesses are not
predominating impulsions and so they do not belong
to this condition.
Conascence-kamma, Conascence-nutriment
Volition and the 3 mental nutriment factors are
associated with each of the items 1 - 19 of conscious-
nesses.
Conascence-faculty
There are 8 mental faculty factors.
68
Items 1, 14 & 19. When knowledge is excluded there
are 7. It is for those consciousnesses dissociated
from knowledge.
Item 7. 5 are psychic life, consciousness, feeling,
effort, one-pointedness. 4 are the above with one-
pointedness excluded and is for delusion-rooted con-
sciousness associated with doubt.
Other Items. 5 are the same as above and 3 are psy-
chic life, consciousness, feeling,
Jhdna
There are 5 jhana factors.
Items 1, 14 & 19. 5 for those accompanied by plea-
sant feeling and 4 for those accompanied by indiffer-
ence because rapture is excluded.
Item 7. 5 is for greed-rooted consciousnesses and 4
for delusion-rooted consciousnesses as they are accom-
panied by indifference.
Items 3 & 16. 2 for the immaterial consciousnesses
are (indifferent) feeling and one-pointedness.
Item 8. 4 for hate-rooted consciousnesses because
they are accompanied by grief and so rapture is ex-
cluded.
Other Items. 5 and 4 as in items 1, 14 & 19.
Path
There are 8 path factors.
Item 1. 7 when knowledge is excluded. It is for
those dissociated from knowledge.
Items 14 & 19. 5 are for the great resultant and fun-
ctional consciousnesses associated with knowledge
because 3 abstinences are excluded and 4 when they
are dissociated from knowledge,
69
Item 1. 4 for greed-rooted consciousnesses are ap-
plied thought, effort, one-point edness, wrong view;
2 for delusion-rooted consciousness associated with
doubt are applied thought and effort and 3 for that
associated with restlessness includes one-pointedness
as well.
Item 8. 3 for hate-rooted consciousnesses are the
same as the above 3.
Other Items. 8 for the supramundane consciousnesses
and 5 for the fine-material and immaterial conscious-
nesses where the 3 abstinences are excluded.
Major and Medium Conascence Conditions
Mental Aggregates Columns . The 4 mental aggre-
gates are the conditioning and conditioned states of
Major and Medium conascence conditions. When
one of them is the conditioning state, the remaining
three are the conditioned states; when three of them
are the conditioning states, the remaining one is the
conditioned state; when two of them are the con-
ditioning states, the remaining two are the conditioned
states. These relations are shown in the Chart in
the same space with the numbers of the conditioning
states above and of the corresponding conditioned
states below.
Great Primaries Column. The mutual relations are
shown in the same way as the mental aggregates,
How to Read the Chart
All the relations of the 15 kinds of conascence
condition arc compiled in a single Chart and if all
the infc rmation provided in it were to be written down,
it would take up a great deal of space. But this is
unnecessary as the purpose of a chart is just to give
an illustration of using it so that it could be applied
to the rest.
70
(i) 7 Minor Conascence Conditions
Root Condition
Item 1. Non-greed, non-hate or non-greed and non-
hate present at 4 great faultless consciousnesses dis-
sociated from knowledge is/are related to its/their
associated aggregates and rooted mind-produced
matter during life in 26 five- aggregate planes and to
its/their associated aggregates during life in 4 four-
aggregate planes by root condition.
Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion, non-greed and
non-hate, non-greed and non-delusion, non-hate and
non-delusion or non-greed, non-hate and non-delusion
present at 4 great faultless consciousnesses associated
with knowledge is/are related to its/their associated
aggregates and rooted mind-produced matter during
life in 26 five-aggregate planes and to its/their asso-
ciated aggregates during life in 4 four-aggregate planes
by root condition.
Item 2. Non-greed, non-hate, non-delusion, non-
greed and non-hate, non-greed and non-delusion,
non-hate and non-delusion or non-greed, non-hate
and non-delusion present at fine-material faultless or
functional consciousnesses is/are related to its/their
associated aggregates and mind-produced matter
during life in 22 five -aggregate planes exclusive of
the 4 woeful (apdya) planes by root condition.
Item 3. Non-greed ... (as above) ... present at im-
material faultless or functional consciousnesses is/are
related to . . . (as above) . . . and to its/their associated
aggregates during life in 4 four- aggregate planes by
root condition.
With the variations explained below the rest for
root condition of the chart cun be read off
71
Item 4. Sotapatti Path. The 17 planes are: 7 happy
sensuous, 3 First Jhana, 3 Second Jhana, 3 Third
Jhana and the Realm of Great Reward (Vehapphala).
Sotappati Path never arises in the 4 four-aggregate
planes.
Item 8. Hate-rooted. The 11 planes are the 4 woe-
ful and 7 happy sensuous.
Item 14. Great Resultant. As with great faultless of
Item 1 , give the relations with 2 or 3 roots. But they
are related to their associated aggregates and mind-
produced matter during life in the 7 happy sensuous
planes and to their associated aggregates and rebirth
kamma-produced matter at the moment of con-
ception in the 7 happy sensuous planes by root con-
dition.
Items 15 & 16. Include the relations at the moment
of conception given there.
Conascence-predom inane e Condi tion
Item 1. One of the predominant factors, desire,
effort or consciousness, present at 4 great faultless
impulsions dissociated from knowledge is related to
its associated aggregates and predominant mind-
produced matter during life in the 26 five-aggregate
planes and to its associated aggregates during life in
the 4 four-aggregate planes by predominance con-
dition.
One of the pi edominant factors, desire, effort,
consciousness or investigating-wisdom, present at 4
great faultless impulsions associated with knowledge
is related to its associated aggregates and predominant
mind-produced matter during life in the 26 five -
aggregate planes and to ... (as above) ... by predo-
minance condition. Read the rest for this condition.
72
Conascence-kamma and Conascence-nutriment
Conditions
For conascence-kamma read: Volition present at
8 great faultless consciousnesses ... by kamma con-
dition. Similarly for the other items.
For conascence-nutriment read: 3 mental nutri-
ments, contact, volition and consciousness present
at 8 great faultless consciousnesses ... by nutriment
condition. Read the rest.
Conascence-] acuity „ Jhdna and Path Conditions
They can be read off from the Chart. (The realities
that the figures in the columns stand for have been
given.)
(ii) 4 Major Conascence Conditions
Conascence, C onascence~dep en den ce , Conascence-
presence and Conascence - non-dis appear an ce Con-
ditions
Item 1. 1 mental aggregate present at 8 great fault-
less consciousnesses and 38 mental factors, which
are 4 mental aggregates, is related to 3 mental aggre-
gates and mind-produced matter ; 3 mental aggregates
are related to 1 mental aggregate and mind-produced
matter; 2 mental aggregates are related to 2 mental
aggregates and mind-produced matter; and 4 mental
aggregates are related to mind-produced matter during
life in the 26 five-aggregate planes by conascence
condition, dependence condition, presence condition
or non-disappearance condition.
1 mental aggregate is related to 3 mental aggre-
gates; 3 mental aggregates are related to 1 mental
aggregate; 2 mental aggregates are related to 2 mental
aggregates during life in the 4 four-aggregate planes
by conascence condition, etc ... (Read in a similar
way up to item 10.)
73
Item 11. 1 mental aggregate present at 2 investi-
gating consciousnesses and 10 mental factors accom-
panied by indifference, which are 4 mental aggregates,
is related to 3 mental aggregates and mind-produced
matter; 3 mental aggregates are related to 1 mental
a gg re g a te and mind-produced matter; 2 mental aggre-
gates are related to 2 mental aggregates and mind-
produced matter; and 4 mental aggregates are related
to mind-produced matter during life in the 26 five-
aggregate planes by conascenoe condition ... non-
disappearance condition.
1 mental aggregate is related to 3 mental aggre-
gates and rebirth kamma-produced matter; 3 mental
aggregates are related to 1 mental aggregate and
rebirth kamma-produced matter; 2 mental aggregates
are related to 2 mental aggregates and rebirth kamma-
produced matter at the moment of conception in 6
planes (4 woeful, human and Asura - which belongs
to the plane of the 4 deva kings) by conascence condi-
tion, etc... (Read the Chart up to Item 19.)
Item 20. 1 great primary is related to 3 great pri-
maries; 3 ^ great primaries are related to 1 great
primary; 2 great primaries are related to 2 great
primaries; great primaries are related to derived
matter by conascence condition, etc.
Item 21. 15 five-aggregate rebirth consciousnesses
are related to heart-base by condition.
Item 22. Heart-base is related to 15 five-aggregate
rebirth consciousnesses by condition.
(iii) 4 Medium Conascence Conditions
Mutuality Condition
The differences from conascence condition are:
(a) mind-produced matter is left out from the condi-
74
tioned states; (b) for Items 11, 14 and 15, only heart-
base of rebirth kamma-produced matter is taken;
(c) for Item 20, derived matter is left out from the
conditioned states.
Resultant Condition
Take only those Items that are resultant conscious-
nesses and 21.
Association Condition
Take the Items that are consciousnesses and leave
out all matter.
Dissociation Condition
Take the Items, 75 consciousnesses exclusive of
4 immaterial resultants, twice fivefold consciousnesses
and Arahatta’s death-consciousness, the conditioning
states given in the Single Enumeration Chart, and
also 21 and 22 which arise in the five-aggregate planes.
Item 1. 8 great faultless consciousnesses and 38
mental factors, which are taken as 1, 3, 2 and 4 men-
tal aggregates, are related to mind-produced matter
during life in the 26 five-aggregate planes by disso-
ciation condition. ... (Read the rest in a similar
way wherever mind-produced matter is the con-
ditioned state.)
Item 11. 2 investigating consciousnesses and 10
mental factors accompanied by indifference, which
are taken as 1, 3, 2 and 4 mental aggregates, are re-
lated to rebirth kamma-produced matter at the mo-
ment of conception in 6 sensuous planes by disso-
ciation condition. ...(Read in a similar way wherever
rebirth kamma-produced matter is the conditioned
state.)
75
Practical Application. A detailed account of the
conditioning and conditioned states of the 15 conas-
cence conditions has been given. The relations which
take place between them are actual facts some of
which can be easily observed in daily life. For
example, according to the nature of conascence,
whenever a consciousness arises during life in the
five-aggregate planes, it will produce matter (mind-
produced matter) if it is capable of doing so. There-
fore, in this human world - where consciousness
arises at every instant in the continuity of a being -
when the consciousness is accompanied by delight,
the matter produced can be observed from the phy-
sical features which is in a delightful state and when
it is accompanied by dejection, the matter produced
can be observed from the physical features which is
in a dejected state. A specific example is the case of
a person who is suffering from a disease which he
thinks will cause death. When he reflects that he is
about to die of the disease because he fears that there
is no hope of a cure, his mind is in a dejected and
hopeless state and his features manifest the state of
his mind. Then when he goes to a doctor and is
told that the disease is not so serious as to bring about
death and that by proper treatment, there will be
immediate relief and, later, the disease will be com-
pletely cured, the patient will suddenly become heart-
ened, happy and relieved and which will be shown
in his features. This is practical application of conas-
cence condition.
End of Conascence Group
76
(3) (a) PkOXIMTTY-STRONG-DEPENDENCE
GROUP 7
Proximity Condition
Categories Chart of Proximity Condition. The heading
is the same as object condition. The group of 5 con-
ditions starting with proximity condition (proximity
group) has the same conditioning and conditioned
states. So the example with proximity condition is
the same for the rest of the group. The analytical
states' given below the Chart are not mentioned in
the Commentary. A Detailed Proximity Cycle with
explanations is provided at the end of this Section
on “Conditioned States”.
1. Sensuous Faultless - Sensuous Faultless (fls-fls)
The sensuous impulsions arise 7 times in the ordi-
nary mental process when one is wide awake or 6
times in the drowsy or dull state and 5 times in the
dying mental process. Here the first sensuous im-
pulsion is related to the second impulsion, the second
impulsion to the third and so on.
Also, in the jhana, attainment of Extinction and
superknowledge mental processes, the first sensuous
impulsion as preparation is related to the second as
approximation and so on. And in the Fruition
mental process, the first sensuous impulsion as adap-
tation is related to the second and so on. The Text
is: “Preceding faultless aggregates are related to sub-
sequent faultless aggregates” [p. 148. item 417 (i)].
But in the Path mental process this relation between
the sensuous impulsions is given in the Text as:
“Adaptation to change-of-lineage; adaptation to
purification” (ibid.).
77
16 categories chart of proximity condition
Columns
( 2 ) 8,2 8
2
(3) (a) 11
4
6
13
8
21
Greed-rooted cons.
Delusion-rooted cons.
Registering cons.
Great resultant cons,
associated with knowledge.
Indifference registering cons.
11 registering and 2 recipient cons.
Great resultant cons.
11 sensuous resultants exlusivo of
2 recipient cons.
(2)
0 )
Resultant
(4) Functional
a*
-S
M
O
SP
d
<5
o
Z
Total
Faulty
Sensuous (a)
3
1
immaterial
©
-1
i
a
Sensuous
Fine-material
73
. -«»*
V-t
©
ll
5
4
15
3
72
4
5
3
14
4
5
4
1
5
18
4
. .... _|
..... ■
1
4
8,2
11
5
4
I
1
i
*
j
1
4
28-22
2
6
2
8
13
5
4
2
4
24
8
5
4
2
4
19
4
4
1
3
9
4
5
4
4
4
17
12
21
5
4
5
10
5
4
9
74
4
5
5
3
14
4
5
4
1
4
5
18
Columns
(3) (b) 15 «
1 =
4 =
5 «
1 *
(4) Sensuous
2 =
1 =
10 -
Lower Fruition
Anag&mi Fruition
Fruition
Arahatta Fruition as expanded
Arahatta Fruition
2 advertences
Mind-door advertence .
10 sensuous functional exclusive of
five-door advertence
1. Sensuous Faultless-Fine -maierial Faultless (fls-fls)
1. Sensuous Faultless - Immaterial Faultless (fls-fls)
When the great faultless impulsion associated with
knowledge functions as change-of-lineage in the jhana
mental process, it is followed by fine-material or
immaterial faultless impulsions. The Text for this is
the general relation quoted above.
1. Sensuous Faultless - Supramundane Faultless
(fls-fls)
In the Path mental process the sensuous faultless
impulsion, which performs the function of change-
of-lineage or purification, is relate^ to the Path, the
supramundane faultless impulsion. The Text is:
“Change-of-lineage to Path; purification is related to
Path” (ibid.).
1. Sensuous Faultless-Sensuous Resultant (fls-ind)
1. Sensuous Faultless - Fine-material Resultant
(fls-ind)
1. Sensuous Faultless-Immaterial Resultant (fls-ind)
The last sensuous faultless impulsion is followed
(a) by a sensuous resultant which is either registering
consciousness, life-continuum or death-consciousness
or (b) by a fine-material or immaterial resultant which
is fife-continuum. The Text is : “Faultless (state) to
emergence” [item 417 (ii)].
1. Sensuous Faultless - Supramundane Resultant
(fls-ind)
The 15 supramundane resultants are the 15 lower
Fruitions. In the Fruition mental process the sen-
suous faultless impulsion, which performs the function
78
of adaptation, is followed by a lower Fruition. The
Text is: “Adaptation to attainment of Fruition of
Learners” (ibid.).
Sensuous faultless is therefore related to 8 catego-
ries (with a total of 72 consciousnesses, the condi-
tioned states) as shown in the Chart.
2. Fine-material Faultless - Fine-material Faultless
(fls-fls)
In the attainment of jhana mental process, fine-
material faultless impulsion is followed by fine-
material faultless impulsion. The quotation is the
same general relation for the sensuous faultless impul-
sions.
2. Fine-material Faultless - Sensuous Resultant
(fls-ind)
2. Fine-material Faultless - Fine-material Resultant
(fls-ind)
Here the 4 sensuous resultants (which are the 4
great resultant consciousnesses associated with know-
ledge) and the 5 fine-material resultants perform the
functions of life-continuum and death but not of
registering. When both are taken together they are
the 9 three-rooted resultant consciousnesses which
perform the functions of life-continuum and death
in the five-aggregate planes. The last fine-material
faultless impulsion is related to these 9 resultants.
The Text is: “Faultless (state) is related to emergence”
(given above).
3. Immaterial Faultless-Immaterial Faultless (fls-fls)
This is similar to fine-material faultless-fine-material
faultless above.
79
3. Immaterial Faultless - Sensuous Resultant (fls-ind)
3. Immaterial Faultless - Fine-material Resultant
(fls-ind)
3. Immaterial Faultless - Immaterial Resultant
(fls-ind) ’
When the conditioned states, sensuous, fine-material
and immaterial resultants, which here perform the
function of life-continuum, are taken together, they
are the 13 (4+5+4 in the Chart) three-rooted life-con-
tinuums. The last immaterial faultless impulsion is
related to these 13. The Text is also: “Faultless
(state) is related to emergence”.
3. Immaterial Faultless - Supramundane Resultant
(fls-ind)
The supramundane resultant is Anagami Fruition.
When the Anagami emerges from the attainment of
Extinction, the faultless neither-perception-nor-non-
perception, which arose and ceased prior to that
attainment, is related to the Anagami Fruition that
arises on emergence. The Text is: “Having emerged
from the attainment of Extinction, faultless neither-
perception-nor-non-perception is related to the attain-
ment of Fruition” (ibid).
The Commentary makes a distinction between the
first four relations which are termed as ordinary and
the one with supramundane resultant as extraordinary.
There -are altogether 18 conditioned states.
4. Supramundane Faultless - Supramundane Resul-
tant (fls-ind)
The arising of Fruition after Path is given as: “Path
to Fruition” (ibid).
80
5. Greed-rooted, Delusion-rooted - Faulty (fty-fty)
Of the 12 faulty consciousnesses (the faulty), 8
greed-rooted and 2 delusion-rooted consciousnesses
are taken together as one item in the Chart (because
the relations with the resultants are the same) and
2 hate-rooted consciousnesses as another item. Here
the preceding greed-rooted or delusion-rooted impul-
sion" is related to the subsequent impulsion of the
same kind. The Text is: “Preceding faulty aggregates
are related to subsequent faulty aggregates” [item
417 (iii)J .
5. Greed-rooted, Delusion-rooted - Sensuous
Resultant (fty-ind)
5. Greed-rooted, Delusion-rooted - Fine-material
Resultant (fty-ind)
5 , Greed-rooted, Delusion-rooted - Immaterial
Resultant (fty-ind)
If, after the last greed-rooted or delusion-rooted
impulsion: (i) registering consciousness arises, the
impulsions are related to 11 registering conscious-
nesses (sensuous resultants); (ii) life-continuum arises,
the impulsions are related to 19 life-continuums, i.e.
10 sensuous resultants exclusive of investigating con-
sciousness accompanied by pleasant feeling and 9
lofty resultants (5 fine-material and 4 immaterial
resultants) which function as life-continuums; (iii)
death-consciousness arises, the impulsions are related
to 10 sensuous death-consciousnesses.
Of the 23 sensuous resultants, the 11 that arise
after the impulsions function either as life-continuum,
death-consciousness or registering consciousness. So
for each relation only the appropriate one is con-
F 6.
81
sidered. Here the lota! number of conditioned states
that follow the impulsions are given. It is 28 for
greed-rooted and 22 for delusion-rooted. The Text
sums up these relations as: “Faulty (state) is related
to emergence’ ’ [item 417(iv)],
6, Hate-rooted - Faulty (fty-fty)
The first hate-rooted impulsion is related to the
second impulsion and so on, just as the greed-rooted
and delusion-rooted impulsions, and the same re-
lation applies here as well.
6. Hate-rooted - Sensuous Resultant (fty-ind)
The 6 sensuous resultants accompanied by indiffe-
rence, which perform the functions of registering,
life-continuum and death, are the only ones that
arise after hate-rooted impulsions. Sensuous resul-
tants accompanied by pleasant feeling, which perform
the same functions, never arise after such impulsions.
The Text is: “Faulty (state) is related to emergence’*
(as above).
7. Sensuous Resultant - Sensuous Resultant
(ind-ind)
The 13 sensuous resultants are 10 sensuous life-
continuums (8 great resultants and 2 investigating
consciousnesses accompanied by indifference), 2 re-
cipient consciousnesses and investigating consciousness
accompanied by pleasant feeling. But, as pointed
out above, only the appropriate ones have to be taken
depending on their functions. The relations are:
(a) sensuous life-continuum to sensuous life-continuum
which follows ; (b) fivefold consciousnesses to re-
cipient consciousness which follows each ; (c) re-
cipient consciousness to investigating consciousness
82
which follows, (d) first registering consciousness to
the second registering consciousness which follows;
(e) second registering consciousness to sensuous life-
continuum which follows; (f) sensuous life-contin-
uum to sensuous death-consciousness wliich follows;
(g) sensuous death-consciousness to sensuous rebirth-
consciousness which follows. These relations between
sensuous resultants are given in the Text as: ‘‘Preced-
ing resultant indeterminate aggregates are related to
subsequent resultant indeterminate aggregates” [item
417 (y)j.
7. Sensuous Resultant - Fine-material Resultant
(ind-ind)
7. Sensuous Resultant - Immaterial Resultant
(ind-ind)
The Commentary gives this relation with sensuous
resultant to fine-material and immaterial resultants
where 4 three-rooted sensuous death-consciousnesses
(i.e. 4 great resultants associated with knowledge)
are followed by 9 lofty rebirth-consciousnesses as:
“Resultants associated with knowledge are related to
fine-material and immaterial resultants at rebirth”.
Since these relations are between resultants, they are
included in the above relation between sensuous re-
sultants and so classified answers are not given sepa-
rately for them in the Faultless Triplet. But specific
mention is made of them in the Limited States Tri-
plet as: “Limited death-consciousness is related to
lofty rebirth-consciousness” (Synod Yol. If, p. 326).
7. Sensuous Resultant - Sensuous Functional
(ind-ind)
The 2 sensuous functional consciousnesses are the
2 advertences. The Text is: “Life-continuum to
advertence” [item 417 (v)].
The Subcommentary adds that (in the five-door
mental process), investigating consciousness, which is
sensuous resultant, is followed by determining con-
sciousness, which is sensuous functional, and so this
relation between them is to be taken also,
8. Fine-material Resultant - Sensuous Resultant
(ind-ind)
8. Fine-material Resultant - Fine-material
Resultant (ind-ind)
8. Fine-material Resultant - Immaterial Resultant
(ind-ind)
Here the relations are between resultants and for
the Faultless Triplet the relation with the preceding
and subsequent resultant indeterminate aggregates
quoted above covers them. For the relation between
fine-material resultants, where those that function as
life-contirruum are involved, the preceding one is
related to the subsequent one and is included in the
above relation. But where the sensuous or immaterial
resultants are the ones subsequent to fine-material
resultants, the relation is specifically mentioned in the
Couplet Patthana of States which belong to the Fine-
material Plane as: “Fine-material death-consciousness
is related to not-fine-material rebirth consciousness”
(not-fine-material in this case are the sensuous and
immaterial resultants) (Synod Yol. IV, p.150).
8. Fine-material Resultant - Sensuous Functional
(ind-ind)
The 2 sensuous functionals are the same 2 adver-
tences as given in the relation with item 7 and sen-
suous functional and the same relation applies here.
84
9. Immaterial Resultant ~ Sensuous Resultant
(ind-ind)
9. Immaterial Resultant - Immaterial Resultant
(ind-ind)
Immaterial resultants, like the fine-material resul-
tants, perform the functions of rebirth, life-continuum
and death. Here also the relation is between resultants
and in the Faultless Triplet the relation with pre-
ceding and subsequent resultant indeterminate aggre-
gates quoted above covers them. For the relation
between immaterial resultants, where those that fun-
ction as life-continuum are involved, the preceding
one is related to the subsequent one and is included
in the above relation. But where sensuous resultants
are the ones subsequent to immaterial resultants, i.e.
when sensuous rebirth-consciousnesses, which are the
4 three-rooted sensuous resultants, follow immaterial
resultants which function as death-consciousness, the
relation is specifically mentioned in the Couplet Pa-
tthana of States which belong to the Immaterial
Plane as: “Immaterial death-consciousness to not-
immaterial rebirth-consciousness” (not-immaterial
here means the sensuous but not the fine-material)
(Synod Vol. IV, p.164).
9. Immaterial Resultant - Sensuous Functional
(ind-ind)
1 in the Chart stands for mind-door advertence.
Since immaterial resultant is the conditioning state,
the five-door mental process, which takes material
objects, cannot occur and so five-door advertence
cannot be taken. The Text is: “Life-continuum to
advertence” quoted above.
85
10. Supramundane Resultant - Sensuous Resultant
(ind-ind)
10. Supramundane Resultant-Fine-material Resul-
tant (ind-ind)
10. Supramundane Resultant - Immaterial Resul-
tant (ind-ind)
The 4 three-rooted sensuous, 5 fine-material and
4 immaterial resultants, totalling 13, function as life-
continuum. Here also the relations are between
resultants and in the Faultless Triplet the relation
between the preceding and subsequent resultant in-
determinate aggregates quoted above covers them.
But these relations with the last of each of the Frui-
tion impulsions and the 13 resultants which follow as
life-continuums are given in the Corrupt Triplet and
elsewhere as: “Fruition is related to emergence”
[p.511, item 13(vii)].
10. Supramundane Resultant - Supramundane
Resultant (ind-ind)
Here the relations are between Fruitions, the supra-
mundane resultants, and the general relation given in
the Faultless Triplet, often referred to above, includes
them. But in the Clinging Triplet and elsewhere
they are given as: “Fruition is related to Fruition”
[p.462, item 56(vi)].
11. Sensuous Functional! - Sensuous Faultless
(ind-fls)
11. Sensuous Functional - Faulty (ind-fty)
1. Of the 11 sensuous functional consciousnesses, the Arahatta’s
smile-conconsciousness and the 8 great functional consciousnesses
perform the function of impulsion; mind-door advertence those
of determining and advertence ;five-door advertence that of adver-
tence. See Functions of Consciousnesses, taken from Compendium
of Philosophy, in the Explanation of the Analytical Exposition.
86
Here the sensuous functional advertence (deter-
mining consciousness or mind-door advertence) is
followed by either the first sensuous faultless or first
faulty impulsion. The Text is: “Advertence is re-
lated to faultless (faulty) aggregates” [items 417(vi)
& (vii)]l
11. Sensuous Functional - Sensuous Resultant
(ind-ind)
11. Sensuous Functional - Fine-material Resultant
(ind-ind)
1L Sensuous Functional - Immaterial Resultant
(ind-ind)
The 21 sensuous resultants are: (i) twice fivefold
consciousnesses which follow five-door advertence;
(ii) 8 great resultants and 2 investigating conscious-
nesses accompanied by indifference which, as life-
continuums, follow the second determining conscious-
ness; (iii) investigating consciousness accompanied by
pleasant feeling" which, as life-continuum, follows
sensuous functional impulsion. The 9 lofty resul-
tants are the 5 fine-material and 4 immaterial which,
as life-continuums, follow sensuous functional impul-
sion. All these relations are summed up in the Text
as: “Functional to emergence” [item 417(v)].
11. Sensuous Functional - Supramundane Resul-
tant (ind-ind)
5 stands for Arahatta Fruitions as expanded. The
Text is: “Adaptation of the Arahat to attainment of
Fruition (of the Arahat)” (ibid.).
11. Sensuous Functional - Sensuous Functional
(ind-ind)
The 10 sensuous functionals are the 8 great fun-
ctional consciousnesses, mind-door advertence (which
also functions as determining consciousness) and
Arahatta’s smile-consciousness. Each is related to its
own kind. In the case of 8 great functional con-
sciousnesses and Arahatta’s smile-consciousness, which
function as impulsions, the first impulsion is related
to the second (of the same kind) and so on; deter-
mining consciousness is related to determining con-
sciousness when they successively arise 2 or 3 times
in the slight mental process; mind-door advertence is
related to mind-door advertence when they successi-
vely arise 2 or 3 times in the obscure mental process.
But they are all functional states and so the Text gives
them as: “Preceding functional indeterminate aggre-
gates are related to subsequent functional indetermi-
nate aggregates” (ibid.).
11. Sensuous Functional-Fine-material Functional
(ind-ind)
11. Sensuous Functional - Immaterial Functional
(ind-ind)
In the jhana mental process, the 4 three-rooted
sensuous functional consciousnesses, which function
as ch ange-of-li neage, are followed by 9 lofty functional
impulsions. The above relation also applies here.
12. Fine-material Functional - Sensuous Resultant
(ind-ind)
12 . Fine-material Flmctional-Fine-material Resul-
tant (ind-ind)
The 4 three-rooted sensuous resultants and the 5
fine-material resultants are the 9 three-rooted resul-
88
tants which function as life-continuum in the . five-
aggregate planes. They follow fine-material functional
impulsions. The Text is: “Functional to emergence’*
given above.
12. Fine-material Functional - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (ind-ind)
Fine-material functionals function as jhana impul-
sions in the jhana and attainment mental processes,
where the preceding one is related to the subsequent
one. The Text is the one quoted above for the re-
lation between functional indeterminate aggregates.
13. Immaterial Functional - Sensuous Resultant
(ind-ind)
13, Immaterial Functional - Fine-material Resul-
tant (ind-ind)
13. Immaterial Functional - Immaterial Resultant
(ind-ind)
When the 4 three-rooted sensuous, 5 fine-material
and 4 immaterial resultants function as life-continuum,
these 13 three-rooted life-continuums follow tim-
material functional impulsions. These relations are
included in “Functional to emergence” given above.
13. Immaterial Functional - Supramundane Resul-
tant (ind-ind)
1 stands for Arahatta Fruition. After the Arahat
emerges from the attainment of Extinction, functional
neither-perception-nor-non-perception, which arose
and ceased prior to the attainment, is related to this
Fruition which arises after emergence. The Text is:
“having emerged from the attainment of Extinction,
functional neither-perception-nor-non-perception is re-
lated to the attainment of Fruition” [item 417(v)].
89
13. Immaterial Functional-Immaterial Functional
(ind-ind)
As in the case of the relation between the fine-
material functional impulsions, the preceding im-
material functional impulsion is related to the sub-
sequent one and the Text is the same.
Note. Here, in the Analytical Exposition, the rela-
tions are given in a general way with all the preceding
consciousnesses that are the conditioning states and
all the subsequent ones that are the conditioned
states. But in the explanation of the Classification
Chapter of the Investigation Chapter, which will be
dealt with in Part III of this Guide, a separate volume,
the actual relations will be given in detail with one
preceding consciousness and each of its subsequent
ones.
How to Read the Chart. Item 1. Sensuous faultless
(consciousnesses and their associated mental factors)
is related to sensuous faultless, fine-material fault-
less, immaterial faultless, supraimindane faultless,
sensuous resultant, fine-material resultant, immaterial
resultant, supramundane resultant, i.e. 8 categories
(with a total of 72 conditioned states), by the force
of proximity condition. The rest can be read off
for this condition. It is also done likewise for the
other conditions of this group.
End of Proximity Group
90
18 CATEGORIES CHART OF NATURAL STRONG-DEPENDENCE CONDITION
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Repetition Condition
Repetition condition, it will now be known, is a
part of proximity condition where only the impul-
sions are involved. So, if proximity condition is
understood, there will be no difficulty about this con-
dition. Wherever the relations are the same only
references to proximity condition will be made.
1. Sensuous Faultless - Sensuous Faultless, etc.
(fls-fls)
All the relations with Item 1 are the same as those
of proximity condition and the quotations are the
same [p.167, item 426(1) J .
2. Fine-material Faultless - Fine-material Faultless
(fls-fls)
3. Immaterial Faultless - Immaterial Faultless
(fls-fls)
4. Faulty - Faulty (fty-fty)
As with the impulsions in proximity condition,
each impulsion is related to the same kind. The
Text gives the relations as: “Preceding faultless
(faulty) aggregates ... subsequent faultless (faulty)
aggregates” [items 426 (i) & (ii)].
5. Sensuous Functional - Sensuous Functional,
etc. (ind-ind)
6. Fine-material Functional - Fine-material Fun-
ctional (ind-ind)
7. Immaterial Functional - Immaterial Functional
(ind-ind)
Item 5. The 9 are Arahatta’s smile-consciousness
and 8 sensuous functional impulsions where each is
related to the same kind. Also, in the jhana mental
92
17 CATEGORIES CHART OF REPETITION
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These are the 9 sensuous functional impulsions, i.e. 8 great functional cons, and
Arahatta’s smile-cons.
process, sensuous functional impulsions, functioning
as change-of-lineage, are related to the lofty fun-
ctional impulsions.
Items 6 & 7. In the attainment mental process, fine-
material and immaterial functional jhanas are related
to the same kind. All these relations are given in
the Text as: “Preceding functional indeterminate
aggregates are related to subsequent functional in-
determinate aggregates” [item 426(iii)]«
How to Read the Chart. Item 1. Sensuous faultless
is related to sensuous faultless, fine-material faultless,
immaterial faultless, supramundane faultless, i.e. 4
categories (with a total of 37 conditioned states),
by the force of repetition condition. Read the rest
Proximity-kamma Condi lion
This condition is a very minor part of proximity
condition and so the Commentary does not deal with
it. But it is easy to work this out by the method
given above.
End of Proximity-strong-dependence Group
(3)(b) NATURAL STRONG-DEPENDENCE
GROUP 2
Natural Strong-dependence Condition
Of the 3 kinds, object-strong-dependence and pro-
ximity-strong-dependence conditions are respectively
the same as object-predominance and proximity con-
ditions which have already been dealt with. So only
natural strong-dependence condition is now taken
up. In the Chart the 3 planes are sensuous, fine-
material and immaterial and the 4 are the same 3
and supramundane.
94
L Faultless in 3 Ptanes-Faultless in 4 Planes (Us- 8s)
Based on. sensuous faultless there arises faultless
in 4 planes. The Text is: “By the strong-dependence
of confidence (precept, etc.), (one) offers the offering...
develops jhana... develops Path...” [pi 57, item 423
(mi
These are the only relations given in the Faultless
Triplet for all the relations that come under this item.
The reason why the relations are not given for the
faultless in the 3 separate planes is that those relations
come under the faultless section of this Triplet.
But the relations with fine-material faultless,
where, based on it there arises faultless in 4 planes, are
mentioned in the Couplet Patthana of States which
belong to the Fine-material Plane as: “By the strong-
dependence of fine-material confidence (precept, etc.),
(one) offers the offering. . .develops fine- material jhana!
develops not-fine-material jhana... develops Path../’
(Synod \ol. IV, pp.iSl-2 wiiere 2 relations given
there are combined here).
And the relations with immaterial faultless, where,
based on it there arises faultless in 4 planes, are men-
tioned in the Couplet Patthana of States which belong
to the Immaterial Plane as: “By the strong-dependence
of immaterial confidence (precept, etc.), (one) offers
the offering. . . develops not-immaterial jhana. . . develops
Path...” (Synod Vol. IV, p.165.)
Subcomy . Due to the force of natural strong-depen-
dence condition, immaterial faultless can bring about
(i) jhana not yet attained when a kasina or other
object is taken, (ii) the abiding in jhana that was
attained, (iii) the arising of superknowledge such as
that of supernormal power and so on. This is the
reason why the Commentary states that the faultless
in 3 planes are related to the faultless in 4 planes (p. 186).
95
1. Faultless in 3 Planes-Faulty (fls-fty)
The Text is: “By the strong-dependence of con-
fidence (precept, etc.), (one) arouses conceit, adopts
wrong views” [item 423(ii)(b)].
1. Faultless in 3 Planes-Resultant in 4 Planes
(fls-ind)
1. Faultless in 3 Planes-F unctional in 3 Planes
(fls-ind)
The Text gives all these relations in the (fls-ind)
answer on p.160.
Subcomy. When it is said that sensuous
faultless is related to fine-material resultant, this
relation by the force of natural strong-dependence
condition is not directly to the resultant but to the
fine-material faultless which causes that resultant.
Again, there is death-consciousness which always
brings about fine-material rebirth-consciou sness
(resultant). But the latter is due to the last dying
impulsion (sensuous faultless) which immediately pre-
cedes death-consciousness. Therefore, it is the
sensuous faultless impulsion which is related to fine-
material rebirth-consciousness . It is the same with
immaterial resultant. Hence, the relations have to
be taken in all possible ways (pp. 186-7).
Arm Tikd. (As regards the supramundane resul-
tants) it is clear that the faultless in 3 planes, as bases
(padaka), are related to them (p.253).
Subcomy . The Commentary has remarked that
natural strong-dependence condition is not expounded
in detail in the Investigation Chapter but only to
provide the method of exposition of this condition
(p.187). This means that, even though many rela-
tions are given there, all the states involved in them
are not included.
96
2. Supramundance Faultless - Faultles in 4 Planes
(fls-fls)
2. Supramundane Faultless - Resultant in 4 Planes
(fls-ind)
2. Supramundane Faultless - Functional in 3
Planes (fls-ind)
Refer to the appropriate relations under (fls-fls)
and (fls-ind) answers in the Text (pp. 159-1 60).
Corny. Supramundane faultless is not related to
faulty (and the Chart does not give the relation
between them) but there are instances where they can
be related. Suppose that one’s teacher has attained
the supramundane state and, based on that attain-
ment, there is love (faulty) for that state,, then that
state is related to another’s faulty state by the force
of natural strong-dependence condition. Also, when
one comes to know that a person is about to attain
a supramundane state and one longs (faulty) to attain
that state, then there is also this relation (p.370).
Subcomy. The Commentator’s examples showing
that a supramundane state can cause love and longing,
in his attempt to prove that the relation between the
supramundane and faulty is possible, have no sub-
stance at ail. For nowhere* in Patthana is there such
a relation by any condition (p.187).
Author's View. The Subcommentator’s remark is
correct. If there were such a relation it would be
specifically mentioned in the Corrupt Triplet where
the third section, not corrupt and not corrupting
states, includes supramundane states and the first
section, corrupt and corrupting states, consists of
faulty states. *So there would be the answer: “Not
corrupt and not corrupting state is related to corrupt
and corrupting state by strong-dependence condition.”
97
F. 7
But this is not given. That is why the Sub-
commentary states: “ lokuttara pana dhammS akusa-
lanam na kenaci paccayetia paccayo 99 (p.187).
3. Faulty - Faultless in 4 planes, (fty-fls),
(fty-fty), (fty-ind)
The Commentary makes no comment on this item
because the relations given with it in the Text are
clear. See (fty-fls), (fty-fty), (fty-ind) answers
(pp. 160-3).
4. Resultant in 3 Planes - Faultless in 4 Planes*
etc. (ind-fls), etc.
Subcomv. Three-rooted sensuous and immaterial
life-continuum, bodily happiness, bodily pain is related
to fine-material, immaterial, supramundane faultless
by the force of strong-dependence condition. Immat-
erial resultant is related to fine-material faultless when
there is longing for immaterial resultant. Since the
latter can only be brought about by attaining immat-
erial faultless and which, in turn, is brought about
by first attaining fine-material faultless, this is how
the relation takes place. And immaterial resultant is
related to fine-material functional when the Arahat,
in order to know immaterial resultant in the aggre-
gates of past existences, etc., brings about the attain-
ment of jhana, superknowledge and so on (p.187).
But these relations given by the Subcomrnentary are
not specified anywhere in the Text.
5. Lower Fruitions - Faultless in 4 Planes, etc,
(ind-fls), etc.
No quotations from the Text can be given for these
relations. 1 1 is to be noted from the Chart that there
is no relation between the 3 lower Fruitions and faulty
by this condition nor, for that matter, by any other
condition.
98
6. Arahatta Fruition-Resultant in 4 Planes (ind-ind)
6. Arahatta Fruition- Functional in 3 Planes (ind-ind)
The Chart shows that Arahatta Fruition is not
related to faultless and faulty.
Corny. Also Arahatta Fruition is not related to
faultless (uparitthimam kusalassa pi (na hoti) (p.370).
Subcomy . Although Anagamis take up jhana or
insight practice to attain Arahatta Fruition, they have
never seen this Fruition. This is just like the common
worldlings, Sotapannas and Sakadagamls who have
not seen Sotapatti Fruition, Sakadagami Fruition and
AnagamI Fruition that they have not realised (the
common worldling has not seen Sotapatti Fruition
and the rest; Sot&panna has not seen Sakadagami
Fruition and the rest). So Sotapatti Fruition, Saka-
dagami Fruition and AnagamI Fruition cannot be
conditioning states of strong-dependence condition in
the continuity, respectively, of the common world-
ling, Sotapamia and Sakadagami who has not seen
them. Therefore, Arahatta Fruition cannot be related
to jhana, etc. (faultless) in the continuity of the
AnagamI, who has not seen that Fruition, by tins
condition. It is in view of this fact that the Com-
mentary gives the above Pali (p. 1 87).
7. Functional in 3 Planes-Faultless in 4 Planes
(ind-fls)
Subcomy. Even when, due to the longing for fun-
ctional (Araiiatta’s) analytical knowledge of meaning,
etc. (patisambhida), one offers the offering and per-
forms other faultless acts, the functional in 3 planes
are related to the faultless in 4 planes by the force
of natural strong-dependence condition, so there is
no ground for argument that when, for the purpose
of attaining these functional analytical knowledges,
99
wise reflection ( yonisomanasikara ) is made, the former
is related to the latter, (p.187).
7. Functional in 3 Planes - Faulty, etc. (ind-fty), etc.
Subcomy. (As regards the faulty), when, based
on reflection which is mind-door advertence, lust, etc.
arises, the functional is related to faulty. (As regards
the resultant), when, based on wise or unwise
reflection (mind-door advertence) on the faultless or
faulty, resultant arises, functional reflection is related
to the resultant in 4 planes. (As regards the fun-
ctional), functional in 3 planes are related to fun-
ctional wise reflection in 3 planes just as with the
faultless given above.
Although the functionals are related to the fault-
less in 4 planes, etc. as shown above, these relations
are not given in the Faultless Triplet. And even in
the Resultant Triplet where the functionals comprise
one of the sections, the relations are also given in
the same way as the Faultless Triplet, i.e. “The
Arahat, by the strong-dependence of temperature...
food ... lodging-place, generates the functional attain-
ment which has not yet arisen ...” [p.413, item
1 04(vii) (c)] ; “Temperature, food, lodging-place is
related to bodily happiness ...” [item 104(viii) (c)]
“By the strong-dependence of temperature, (one)
offers the offering ...” [item 104(ix)(c)]. The reason
for taking temperature, food, etc. as conditioning;
stales for the relations with the faultless, faulty and
indeterminate states by natural strong-dependence
condition is just to show the method of taking the
relations bp. 1 87). (What the Subcomy. means to
imply is that not only are all the states involved in
this condition not specifically mentioned blit also
that, by application of the method given, such states,
should be taken as in the examples above.)
100
8 . Matter,, Concept - Faultless in 4 Planes, Qtc.
(ind-fls), etc.
Corny. Matter is related to the faultless in 4 planes,
etc., not by the Abhidhamma method employed
in Patthana, but by the Suttanta method (p.370).
Subcomy. The method in Patthana referred to by
the Commentary is: “Dependent on faultless state,
arises indeterminate state by not-strong-dependence
condition. Dependent on faultless aggregates, arises
mind-produced matter” and so on. By this it is
intended to show that matter as conditioned state is
excluded in natural strong-dependence condition and
that it is not expounded as such in the Positive con-
dition.
Also, when it is said that they are related by the
Suttanta method the reference is to : “Conditioned by
consciousness is mentality-materiality; conditioned by
mentality-materiality are 6 bases” (of Dependent
Origination). Besides, there are passages in the Pali
Canon such as:
44 Yathd pi pabbato selo
Aranhasmim brhavane
Tam rukkhd upanissaya
Vaddhante te vanappati 99
i.e. In the wilderness there is a huge mountain of solid
rock, dependent on which wild trees grow.
As for concept it is that of person which is not
expounded in the Investigation Chapter of Patthana
(p.188).
How to Read the Chart. Item 1. Faultless in 3
planes are related to faultless in 4 planes, faulty,
resultant in 4 planes, functional in 3 planes, i.e. 4
Categories (with a total of 89 conditioned states), by
the force of natural strong-dependence condition.
Read the rest.
Note. Here the categories by class only are taken.
Strong Asynchronous Kamma Condition
In the Commentary (p.375) the 2 kinds,
conascence-kamma and asynchronous kamma condi-
tions, are dealt with together but here, where the
conditions are taken according to their groups, they
are treated separately. Besides, in the Commentary
where (a) the sensuous faultless are given as sensuous
faultless volitions, the latter are here distinguished as
higher and lower class; (b) the fine-material jhanas
are given as fine-materiai volitions, the former are
here differentiated as first, second, etc.
Corny. When sensuous volition is related to its
resultant aggregates and kamma-produced matter by
the force of asynchronous kamma condition, this
relation occurs only in the five-aggregate planes but
not in other planes (p.375).
Subcomy. Also, sensuous volition does not produce
matter in the one- aggregate plane which is the non-
percipient plane (p-189).
How to Read the Chart. Item 1 . Higher class three-
rooted sensuous faultless volition is related to root-
less faultless-resultant, great sensuous resultant, rebirth
kamma-produced matter and during life kamma-
produced matter by the force of asynchronous kamma
condition.
Item 2. Lower class three-rooted or higher class
two-rooted sensuous faultless volition' is related to
rootless faultless-resultant, great sensuous resultant
dissociated from knowledge, rebirth kamma-produced
102
19 CATEGORIES CHART OF STRONG ASYNCHRONOUS KAMMA CONDITION
20 CATEGORIES CHART OF BASE-PRENASCENCE AND BASE-
PRENASCENCE- FACULTY CONDITIONS
6 Bases
Faultless
in 4 planes
Faulty
Resultant
in 3 planes
Functional
in 3 planes
Cate-
gories
1. Eye-
Base...
...Body-
base
2 eye-cons.
2 body-cons.
1 each
2. Heart-
base
It
II
excluding 4 Imma-
terial resultants and
2x5 cons.
II
4
21 CATEGORIES CHART OF POSTNASCENCE CONDITION
Consciousness
Matter due to 3 or 4 causes
1. Faultless, faulty in 5-aggregate
planes
2 . Sensuous and Fine-Material resul-
tant excluding rebirth conscious-
nesses
3. Supramundane resultant in 5-
aggregate planes
4. Functional in 5-aggregate planes
II
u Always
n
u
22 CATEGORIES CHART OF PHYSICAL NUTRIMENT AND
PHYSICAL LIFE-FACULTY CONDITIONS
Conditioning States
Nutriment-produced
matter
Remaining matter
Producing force
Maintaining force
1. Nutritive essence produced by 4 causes
II
II
II
2. Nutritive essence produced by 4 causes
II
II
3. Physical liie-faculty
All kamma-produced
matter excluding phys-
ical life from the same
group
matter and during life kamma-produced matter by
the force of asynchronous kamma condition. Read
the rest.
The Text is: “Asynchronous faultless (faulty) voli-
tion is related to (its) resultant aggregates and kamma-
produced matter” [p.168, items 427 (ii)(b) & (v)(b)].
End of Natural Strong-dependence Group
(4) BASE-PRENASCENCE GROUP 6
( Base-prenciscence and Base-prenascence-f acuity
Conditions) From the Single Enumeration Chart of
the base-prenascence group it will be seen that base-
prenascence has the same conditioning and condi-
tioned states as the other 4 conditions given there
and so this condition alone is taken. As regards the
5 bases in this condition, it is quite clear that the five-
fold consciousness elements are dependent on it.
The difference in base-prenascence-faeulty condition
is that these 5 bases are taken as faculties (i.e. eye-
base as eye-faculty and so on). In the case of the
heart-base, 3 mind-elements and 72 mind-conscious-
ness elements exclusive of the 4 immaterial resultants
are dependent on it. The mind-consciousness element
is categorized as: faultless in 4 planes, faulty, resul-
tant in 3 planes (immaterial plane is excluded because,
as shown above, immaterial resultants are not depen-
dent on heart-base) and functional in 3 planes.
How to Read the Chart. Item 1 . Eye-base is related
to eye-consciousness, i.e. 1 (resultant) category (with
a total of 2 conditioned states), by the force of pre-
nascence condition. (Read similarly for the rest of
the 5 bases.)
Item 2. Heart-base is related to faultless in 4
planes, faulty, resultant in 3 planes, functional in 3
103
planes, i.e. 4 categories (with a total of 75 conditioned
states), by the force of prenascence condition. (The
Text is on pp. 166-7.)
For base-prenascence-f acuity, read Item 1 only,
substituting eye-faculty, etc. for eye-base, etc. [The
Text is on p. 171 , item 430 (vii)(c).]
End of Base-prenascence Group
(5) POSTNASCENCE GROUP 4
Postnascence Condition
The Chart is compiled from the Commentary.
There should be no difficult in understanding it. The
Chart can be read off and the relations compared
with those in the Text on p.167.
Subcomy. Fine-material resultant is not related to
nutriment-produced matter by the force of postnas-
cence condition (p.189).
End of Postnascence Group
(6) Strong and Weak Asynchronous Kamma GROUP
1 This is not dealt with in the Commentary.
(7) PHYSICAL NUTRIMENT GROUP 3
Physical Nutriment Condition
How to Read the Chart. Item 1. Nutritive essence
produced by 4 causes is related to nutriment-produced
matter by the forces of production and maintenance.
Item 2. Nutritive essence produced by 4 causes is
related to the remaining (3 cause-produced) matter
by the force of maintence.
104
This is the way the relations are given in the Com-
mentary. But the Sub-commentary comments on
item 2.
Subcomy . The relation to the 3 cause-produced
matter (which includes mind-produced matter) by
the force of maintenance must first be examined to
find out whether it is applicable or not. For in the
Couplet Pafthana of States which are Generated by
Consciousness, mind-produced matter, which is in-
cluded in the first section of the couplet, is not ex-
pounded. Neither is it in the relation between the
second and first sections (where if mind-produced
matter were expounded it would be a conditioned
state). But in the relation between the first and
second sections, where mind-produced matter is not
a conditioned state, it is expounded as such. Since
in places where mind-produced matter is a conditioned
state it is not expounded as such, the relation in which
nutritive essence is related to the 3 cause-produced
matter must first be examined to find out if mind-
produced matter of the 3 cause-produced matter is
to be included or not (p.190).
End of Physical Nutriment Group
(8) PHYSICAL LIFE-FACULTY GROUP 3
Physical Life-faculty Condition
Read the single item in the Chart which is the
same as that given in the Single Enumeration Chart.
Corny. Although physical life-faculty is conascent
with each of the 9 kamma-produced matter and is
related to them at the static phase by the force of
faculty condition, it is not a conditioning state of
conasence condition (p.379).
105
Subcomy . “Static phase 1 ' is purposely stated in
the Commentary to indicate that physical life-faculty
is not a conditioning state of conascence condition.
But this does not imply that the relation in which
physical life-faculty at its nascent phase is related by
faculty condition is to be excluded. It is not. For in
Dependent Chapter (C.R. p.32) “Dependent on
indeterminate state, arises indeterminate state by
faculty condition ... Dependent on one great primary
of non-percipient beings, arise three great primaries..."
shows that the relation to kamma-produced matter at
its nascent phase in non-percipient beings is by the
force of physical life-faculty condition only and not
by any other kind of faculty condition. And it is
related only by the conditioning force of physical
life-faculty. As for the relation to kamma-produced
matter during life in the five-aggregate planes, it is
by no other condition but physical life-faculty condi-
tion^. 191). [In Dependent Chapter and the rest
of the 6 Chapters only those relations which take
place at the nascent phase are considered. That is
why postnascence condition, where the relations take
place at the static phase, is not expounded in these
6 Chapters.]
End of Physical Life-faculty Group
PROXIMITY CONDITION CYCLE
/
This proximity condition cycle not only gives the
analytical states of proximity condition dealt with in
detail in the Explanation of the Analytical Exposition
but also shows how repetition, base-prenascence and
postnascence conditions have to be known in detail.
This cycle will now be briefly explained.
The Chart. The relations (fls-fls), (fls-ind), etc.
(around the centre) are given in separate segments
106
which are divided according to the mental processes
(at the top) where these relations take place. Each
segment gives the conditioning and conditioned states
side by side between the same arcs. The appropriate
set of such states is taken for each relation and it will
be found that there are 2 or more sets for the same
relation in each segment. Each of the relations (fls-fls),
etc. with asterisks are first taken and then the rest
in a clockwise direction.
Proximity Condition
Faultless - Faultless . The conditioning states are
17 mundane faultless impulsions excluding those that
are last impulsions and the conditioned states are 21
(37 when 4 Path-consciousnesses are expanded to 20)
faultless impulsions excluding those that are first
impulsions.
Flow to Read the Chart . First great faultless im-
pulsion is related to second great faultless impulsion,
second impulsion is related to third impulsion ••
sixth impulsion is related to seventh impulsion; first
pair of great faultless consciousnesses, which performs
the function of change-of-lineage or purification, is
related to 4 lofty faultless consciousnesses (under
Jhana process) and 16 Path-consciousnesses (under
Path of Stream-attainment and Upper Three Paths
processes taken together) which are accompanied by
pleasure; third pair of great faultless consciousnesses,
which performs the function of change-of-lineage or
purification, is related to 5 lofty faultless conscious-
nesses (under Jhana process) and 4 Path-conscious-
nesses (under the Path processes) which are accom-
panied by indifference; preceding 9 lofty faultless
consciousnesses are related to subsequent 9 lofty
faultless consciousnesses at jhana attainment (under
Jh5na attainment process) by proximity condition.
107
Apply the above method to read the rest of the
Chart for this condition. The relations have been
given in detail in the Explanation of the Analytical
Exposition of the Conditions and may be referred
to. It will be seen that there are 7 different relations,
i.e. 7 answers, for proximity condition.
Repetition Condition
Here the states involved are the impulsions and the
conditioning and conditioned states for the 3 relations,
(fls-fls), (fty-fty) and (ind-ind), which must be selected
from them, have been given in detail in the Expla-
nation of the Analytical Exposition.
Base-prenascence Condition
How to Read the Chart.
Indeterminate - Indeterminate. Eye-base is related
to 2 eye-consciousnesses . . body-base is related to
2 body-consciousnesses (the asterisk with 2x5 is for
these relations) ; heart-base, which arises together
with rebirth mental aggregates, is related to first life-
continuum (under Heart-base Dying Process) [Heart-
base is shown only in one place. Here exclude (1)
the relation of heart-base with the 4 immaterial resu-
tants as the latter are not dependent on it, (2) heart-
base which arises together with five-door advertence
as the fivefold consciousnesses are based on the five
bases, (3) heart-base at rebirth as this condition does
not apply at the moment of conception.]; heart-base
which arises together with the preceding first life-
continuum, etc. is related to subsequent second .life-
continuum, etc. ; heart-base which arises together with
the 15 five-aggregate fife-continuums is related to the
2 advertences; heart-base which arises together with
twice fivefold consciousnesses is related to the 2 reci-
pient consciousnesses and so on taking the conscious-
nesses as in proximity condition.
108
Postnascence Condi t ion
It was pointed out in the Explanation of the Analy-
tical Exposition that in postnascence condition the
conditioning states come after the conditioned states.
This condition occurs during life in the five-aggregate
planes and so the 4 immaterial resultants are excluded.
The figures at the circumference denote the
following:
2 = kamma-produced and temperature-produced
matter,
3 = Above 2 + mind-produced matter,
4 = Above 3 + nutriment-produced matter,
2- 3 - matter produced by 2 or 3 causes. They are
given under 2x5, Cessation (Extinction) attainment
and dying processes as in these cases mind-produced
matter is excluded because it does not arise. 2 is for
the Brahma plane where there is no nutriment-pro-
duced matter and 3 is for the sensuous plane.
3 = matter produced by 3 causes. This is under the
dying process. Here kamma-produced matter is ex-
cluded because when sensuous death-consciousness
arises, there is no more kamma-produced matter.
3- 4 = matter produced by 3 or 4 causes. 3 is for
the fine-material plane where there is no nutriment-
produced matter and 4 is for the sensuous plane.
How to Read the Chart. Subsequent first life-
continuum mental aggregates are related to the matter
due to 2 causes (kamraa and temperature) which
arose together with the preceding rebirth-conscious-
ness and which had reached the static phases; subse-
quent second life-continuum mental aggregates are
related to the matter due to 3 causes (kamma, temper-
109
ature, mind) which arose together with the preceding
first life-continuum and which had reached the static
phases; subsequent third life-continuum mental aggre-
gates, etc. are related to the matter due to 3 causes
which arose together with the preceding second life-
continuum, etc. and which had reached the static
phases. Then when nutriment-produced matter
arises, the relation is to the matter due to 4 causes.
2 advertences are related to the matter due to 3
or 4 causes which arose together with the preceding
15 five-aggregate arresting life-continuums and which
had reached the static phases ... (The rest can be read
off:)
THE BENEFIT OF KNOWING THE METHODS
Details of the relations between the conditioning
and conditioned states of the 24 conditions in the
Faultless Triplet have been given so that the methods
employed there can be applied in order to know the
conditioning and conditioned states of the relations
and the enumerations in the Feeling Triplet and the
other Triplets as well as those in the Couplets. The
Commentator has provided the methods in this Fault-
less Triplet for the purpose of applying them to all
the 24 Divisions of Patthana.
End of Conditioned States
3. ONE STATE (IN) SEVERAL CONDITIONS
This shows the number of conditions in which a
particular state is a conditioning state. The Commen-
tary deals with the conditioning states of the 24 con-
ditions taken in serial order. If a Chart were to be
drawn up for each state according to the Commen-
110
tary, it would be a very big one, there would be so
much to explain and it would not be properly under-
stood. So, in order to readily understand and easily
remember all the information given in the Commen-
tary, a Chart is provided with the conditioning states
taken in the order of the 4 ultimate categories (con-
sciousness, mental factor, matter, Nibbana) and con-
cept. From the Chart it will be learnt that when a
conditioning state, as the cause, arises, it is due not
to one condition alone but to other conditions as
well. This is proved by the fact that the conditioned
states, as the effect, to which that particular condi-
tioning state is related, are also the conditioned states
of other conditioning states. This, of course, is very
interesting and useful to remember.
It will be shown how the Chart has to be used so
that it will be in accord with the sequence of the
Commentary and also with the figures given there.
These figures, which denote the several conditions in
which a particular state : s a conditioning state, are
very difficult to remember and, although They can be
found from the Single Enumeration Charts, it will be
troublesome and time-consuming. For the con-
venience of the student, therefore, the author, from
a careful and repeated study of his Chart, has found
simple rules for easily and quickly arriving at these
figures. The rules and their appUcation will be given
after the Commentary so as to enable the reader to
find the answer easily and readily to any question he
may put himself as, for example, -In how many con-
ditions is delusion a conditioning state ?” and which
can then be checked with the figure (which is the
answer) in the Chart.
The Chart. The crosses in the columns under the
headings of consciousnesses and mental factors indi-
cate that the conditions against them are excluded
and, therefore, only those conditions with blanks
21 (a) ONE STATE IN SEVERAL CONDITIONS
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against them have to be taken. But the blanks in
the column under the headings of matter, Nibbana
and concept indicate that the conditions against them
are excluded and, therefore, only those conditions
with the “ditto” signs against them have to be taken.
So when the Chart is read horizontally for each condi-
tion, the conditioning states of each condition are
found and, when read vertically for each state, the
conditions in which each state is a conditioning state
are found, the total of such conditions being given
at the bottom of each column. Examples are pro-
vided below to show how the Chart has to be used
with the conditioning states so that they will be in
the same order as the Commentary.
1 . Root Condition
Non-delusion ( under beautiful mental factors). When
the Chart is read horizontally for root condition, it
will be found that the 6 roots are the conditioning
states and that one of them is non-delusion. Then
when non-delusion is read vertically, it will be found
that it is included in 20 conditions exclusive of the
other 4 which are prenascence, kamma, nutriment,
jhana. This information can be obtained from the
Single Enumeration Charts when they are examined
to find the conditions in which non-delusion is a con-
ditioning state. And in doing so it will be noted that
the conditioning states of the above 4 conditions do
not include non-delusion as those of: (1) prenascence
are all materiality, (2) kamma are all volitions, (3)
nutriment are contact, volition, consciousness, physi-
cal nutriment, (4) jhana are 5 jhana factors. Thus
non-delusion is not included as a conditioning state
in these 4 conditions but in the remaining 20 condi-
tions. This serves as an example to show why cer-
tain conditions are excluded for each state.
112
Non-greed, Non-hate. From the Chart it will be
seen that faculty and path conditions are excluded
from the 20 for non-delusion in the above. So they
are included in 18 conditions.
Greed, Delusion (under faulty mental factors).
Resultant condition is excluded from the 18 above.
So they are included in 17 conditions.
Hate. Predominance condition is excluded from
the 17 above. So it is included in 16 conditions.
2. Object Condition
Visible Object. The Commentary states that when
visible object is related to eye-consciousness element,
mind-element and rootless mind-consciousness
element, the relation is by 4 conditions: object, pre-
nascence, presence and non-disappearance, and when
related to rooted mind-consciousness element, pre-
dominance and strong-dependence conditions are
included to make 6. These 6 conditions are shown
in the Chart in the “Sense Object” column under the
heading of matter. The Commentary deals only
with this conditioning state and then adds that it
serves as an example to know the rest. But the Chart
gives all the conditioning states (read object condition
horizontally) and the conditions in which each condi-
tioning state is included (read each conditioning state
vertically).
3. Predominance Condition
Conascence-predominance ( Conditioning States).
Investigating-wisdom-predominance, the same as
non-delusion = 20 ; desire-predominance = 17; con-
sciousness-predominance (in the “Appropriate cons.
89” column) = 19 (it is only in predominance that the
Commentary deals with consciousness and briefly at
F 8
113
that but from the Chart the conditions for each con-
sciousness can be found); effort-predominance = 19.
object-predominance ( Conditioning States). The
Commentary simply states that the method given in
object condition has to be applied to know them.
4, 5. Proximity , Contiguity Conditions
For proximity condition, eye-consciousness element
and so on (the conditioning states) are classified under
the 4 mental aggregates and given as:
(1) feeling aggregate (feeling in Chart) = 19;
(2) perception aggregate = 17 (perception is included
as one of the “remaining 3” in that column under
the heading of piimary,secondary mental factors.);
(3) mental formation aggregate. This is given as:
6 roots as in root condition; desire and effort as in
predominance; contact =18; volition =19; applied
thought = 19; sustained thought, rapture = 18 (the
figure is for each state); one-pointedness = 20; confi-
dence = 18; mindfulness = 19; psychic life-faculty = 18;
shame, fear, the 6 pairs which are tranquillity of
mental factors, etc., equanimity, compassion, sympa-
thetic joy (the “remaining 17”under the heading * of
beautiful mental factors) =17; decision, attention
(included in the “remaining 3” under the heading of
primary, secondary mental factors) = 17; 3 abstinences
= 18; faulty mental factors are wrong view = 17;
wrong speech, wrong action, wrong livelihood = 19 1 ;
1. The Subcomy. notes that iu the Corny, wrong speech, wrong
action and wrong livelihood are included in path condi-
tion and so there are 19 conditions. But these are faulty
volitions and not path factors and, therefore, path condi-
tion should not be included. Also, in the commons of the
Investigation Chapter it is NOT stated that “With kamma
and path (there are) 3 answers”. This would have been
stated if the 3 faulty volitions were path conditioning states.
So 18 conditions must be taken. That is why 18 is given
in the Chart.
114
shamelessness, fearlessness, restlessness, conceit, sloth,
torpor = 16; doubt, envy, stinginess, worry =15;
(4) consciousness aggregate. This is to be taken in
the same way as shown in predominance condition*
6, etc. Conascence Condition , etc.
The 4 mental aggregates are taken as above; 4 great
primaries = 9; heart-base = 10; eye-base and the rest
of the 5 sensitive matter = 9; visible object, sound,
odour, taste (4 sense objects in the Chart) = 6 ; nutri-
tive essence = 6. (The conditioning states given here
include those of dependence, prenascence and nutri-
ment conditions not dealt with before.) The Com-
mentary then states that from faculty condition on-
wards there are no new conditioning states to consider.
But the Chart gives all the conditioning states of each
condition.
RULES AND THEIR APPLICATION
The rules - devised by the author after a study of
his Chart - for readily determining the number of
conditions in which a s ate is a conditioning state
are given below. These ules should first be studied
and applied as shown b? ore referring to the Chart
to see how they conform with it.
1. In the Corny. 6 is given because prenascence condition is
excluded. But 18 present produced matter (including
nutritive essence, i.e. edible food) are conditioning states
q of presence and non-disappearance conditions and so they
should also be those of object-prenascence condition (see
this condition in the Single Enumeration Chart). And in
prenascence condition of Both Visible and Impinging Tri-
plet ( sanidassana sappa(igha) it is definitely stated that
“Nutritive essence is nutriment”. Therefore, prenascence
must be included and that is why 7 is given in the Chart.
The Subcomy. also points out that it should be 7 with pre-
nascence included.
115
t. Rules for 89 Consciousnesses
1. Exclude root, prenascence, katnma, jhana and
path and take the other 19 conditions as
reference.
2. If it is delusion-rooted consciousness or body-
consciousness accompanied by pain, exclude pre-
dominance.
3. If it is not a resultant consciousness, exclude
resultant.
4. If it is an immaterial resultant consciousness,
exclude postnascence and dissociation.
5. If it is not a mundane impulsion, exclude repeti-
tion.
Explanation. The explanation is based on the
Single Enumeration Charts where the conditioning
states are given. From an examination of these
Charts it will be seen how these rules are obtained.
As regards:
Rule 1, the conditioning states of root, prenascence,
kamma, jhana and path are not consciousnesses (but
mental factors such as greed or matter). That is why
when consciousness as conditioning state is considered,
these 5 conditions are not taken into account but
only the remaining 19 out of the 24 conditions. So
if consciousness is the conditioning state under con-
sideration, it has to be borne in mind that only these
19 conditions have to be taken as reference;
Rule 2, the conditioning states of predominance con-
dition, i.e. of both object-predominance and conas-
cence-predominance, do not include 2 delusion-rooted
consciousnesses and body-consciousness accompanied
by pain and so, when any one of these 3 is under
116
consideration, predominance condition is excluded
from the above 19;
Rule 3, the conditioning states of resultant condition
are all resultant consciousnesses and so, if the
consciousness under consideration is not a resultant,
resultant condition is excluded;
Rule 4, the conditioning states of postnascence con-
dition and all the 3 kinds of dissociation condition,
i.e. conascence-dissociation, prenascence-dissociation
and postnascence-dissociation, do not include the 4
immaterial resultant consciousnesses and so, if the
consciousness under consideration is an immaterial
resultant, both postnascence and dissociation condi-
tions are excluded;
Rule 5, the conditioning states of repetition condition
are the 47 mundane impulsions and so, if the con-
sciousness under consideration is not a mundane
impulsion, repetition condition is excluded.
Summary. From the above it will be found that all
one has to remember is to take the 19 conditions as
reference and then simply note whether the conscious-
ness is (i) delusion-rooted or body-consciousness
accompanied by pain; (ii) a resultant; (iii) an imma-
terial resultant; or (iv) a mundane impulsion for
excluding the appropriate conditions.
Note. Under the Heading of “Consciousnesses
89” in the Chart, (i) 2 delusion-rooted consciousnesses,
which are included in the 47 mundane impulsions,
are taken separately and the “remaining mundane
impulsions 45” given in another column; (ii) body-
consciousness accompanied by pain (bodily-pain) and
the 4 immaterial resultants, the 5 which are included
in the 36 resultant copiousnesses, are taken separately
and the “remaining resultants 31” given in another
column; (iii) the last column “appropriate conscious-
117
nesses 89” with the total 19 means that all the 89
consciousnesses (i.e. completely) or the appropriate
ones (i.e. appropriately) are conditioning states in
each of the 19 conditions. In other words, the 19
conditions have consciousness as conditioning state.
But of the 19, only 14, which are object, proximity,
contiguity, conascence, mutuality, dependence, strong-
dependence, nutriment, faculty, association, presence,
absence, disappearance and non-disappearance, have
the complete 89 as conditioning states and 5, which
are predominance, postnascence, repetition, resultant
and dissociation, have appropriate ones.
Application of the Rules
This will be illustrated with a few examples.
(i) In how many conditions is delusion-rooted con-
sciousness (any of the 2) a conditioning state? (Do
not try to find the answer by looking up the condi-
tions against it in the Chart. This will take some
time. Just apply the rules and check the answer
with the total given for it in the Chart).
Rule 1. Take the 19 conditions as reference;
Rule 2. This applies and predominance condition
is excluded;
Rule 3. This applies and resultant condition is ex-
cluded ;
Rule 4 and Rule 5 do not apply.
So the answer is 17, the same as given in the Chart.
(The other examples wifi be given briefly.)
(ii) In how many conditions is greed-rooted
consciousness (any of the, 8) a conditioning state?
(1) 19 conditions; (2) does not apply; (3) applies and
resultant is excluded; (4) and (5) do not apply. So
the answer is 18. (8 greed-rooted consciousnesses
are included in the remaining mundane impulsions
in the Chart.)
(iii) In how many conditions is Fruition-conscious-
ness (any of the 4) a conditioning state?
(1) 19 conditions; (2), (3) and (4) do not apply; (5)
applies as it is not a mundane impulsion and repeti-
tion condition is excluded. So the answer is 18.
(4 Fruition-consciousnesses are included in the re-
maining resultants in the Chart.)
The above examples are sufficient for the reader
to understand the application of the rules so as to be
able to find the answer for any consciousness.
CLASSIFIED ANSWERS FOR CONSCIOUSNESS
Now that the conditions in which a particular
consciousness is a conditioning state have been deter-
mined, classified answers with this consciousness as
conditioning state in those conditions have to be
known. The classified answers are selected from
relevant portions given for those conditions in the
Classification Chapter of the Investigation Chapter.
The method of obtaining classified answers for (i)
delusion-rooted consciousness and (ii) great faultless
consciousness are given below as examples.
(i) Delusion-rooted Consciousness. It was found
above that this consciousness, is a conditioning state
in 17 conditions. So there is no need to look_for
classified answers in root, prenascence, kamrna, j liana,
path (the 5 which are never involved), predominance
and resultant (the 2 in which this consciousness is
not involved) conditions.
119
Object Condition
Fty-fty. “(One) enjoys and delights in delusion-
rooted consciousness. Taking it as object, arises
delusion, arises wrong views, arises doubt, arises
restlessness, arises grief” [p.143, item 407 (iv)] 1 .
(Here lust, wrong views, etc. are not taken as condi-
tioning states but only delusion-rooted consciousness.)
Fty-fls. “Learners or common worldings practise
insight into the impermanency, suffering and imper-
sonality of delusion-rooted consciousness” (which is
taken as the faulty state).
Fty-ind. “The Arahat practises insight into the
impermanency ... of delusion-rooted consciousness.”
Proximity , Contiguity . . Repetition Conditions
(6 conditions of the proximity-strong-dependence
group)
Fty-fty. “Preceding delusion-rooted consciousness
(taken as the faulty aggregate) is related to subsequent
delu sion-rooted consciou sness. ’ ’
Fty-ind. “Delusion-rooted consciousness is related
to emergence” (for the 5 proximity group conditions).
Concise ence, Mutuality , Dependence , Nutri-
ment , Faculty , Association , Presence and Non-
disoppearance Conditions.
Fty-fty. “Delusion-rooted consciousness (taken as
faulty aggregate, nutriment or faculty as the case may
be) is related to (its) associated aggregates.”
Fty-ind. “Delusion-rooted consciousness is related
to mind-produced matter.”
1' Refer to such answers (fty-fty), etc. under the conditions
in the Investigation Chapter. References to pages and
items will not be given.
120
Fty-fty,ind. “Delusion-rooted consciousness is re-
lated to (its) associated aggregates and mind-produced
matter.”
(Since delusion-rooted consciousness as the condi-
tioning state comes under consciousness aggregate
only, there is no mutual relation between the 4 mental
aggregates. The relations are taken as given in nutri-
ment and faculty conditions and, as the relations are
the same, all these conditions are taken together.)
Natural Strong-dependence Condition
Of the 3 kinds: (a) object-strong-dependence, being
the same as object-predominance, is excluded, (b) pro-
ximity-strong-dependence is the same as proximity
condition and it has been dealt with above, (c) natural
strong-dependence is given below.
Fty-fty. “By the strong-dependence of delusion-
rooted consciousness, (one) kills a living being ...
causes schism in the Sangha.” “Delusion is related
to lust, hate, delusion, conceit, wrong views, wish.”
Fty-fls. “By the strong-dependence of delusion-rooted
consciousness, (one) offers the offering - develops
attainment.” “Delusion is related to confidence. . .
wisdom.”
Fty-ind. “By the strong-dependence of delusion-
rooted consciousness, (one) tortures oneself ... experi-
ences the suffering caused by searching.” “Delusion
is related to bodily happiness, bodily pain, attainment
of Fruition.”
Postnascence Condition
Fty-ind. “Postnascent delusion-rooted conscious-
ness (taken as faulty aggregate) is related to this pre-
nascent body.”
121
Dissociation Condition
Of the 3 kinds : (a) conascence-dissociation is given
below, (b) prenascence-dissociation is excluded, (c)
postnascence-dissociation is the same as postnascence
condition above.
Fty-ind. “Conascent delusion-rooted consciousness
aggregate is related to mind-produced matter.”
All the classified answers with delusion-rooted
consciousness as the conditioning state in the 17 con-
ditions have now been given.
(ii) Great Faultless Consciousness. In the Chart
great faultless consciousness is one of the “remaining
mundane impulsions 45.” So this consciousness is
included as a conditioning state in 18 conditions.
The classified answers for these conditions are given
below.
Object Condition
Fls-fls. “Learners or common worldlings practise
insight into the impermanancy ... of great faultless
consciousness (taken as the faultless state).”
Fis-fty. “Taking great faultless consciousness as
object, arises lust ... arises grief.”
Fls-ind. “The Arahat practises insight into the
impermanency ... of great faultless consciousness.”
“Learners or common worldlings practise insight ...
great faultless consciousness. When faultless (state)
has ceased, the resultant (state) arises as registering
(con scion sness) . ’ ’
“Learners or common worldlings enjoy and delight
in great faultless consciousness. Taking it as object,
arises lust ... arises grief. When faulty (state) has
ceased, the resultant arises as registering.”
Conascence-predominance Condition
Fls-fls. “Great faultless consciousness predomi-
nance is related to (its) associated aggregates.”
Fls-ind. “Great faultless consciousness predomi-
nance is related to mind-produced matter.”
Fls-fls, ind. “Great faultless consciousness predo-
minance is related to (its) associated aggregates and
mind-produced matter.”
Proximity, Contiguity ... Repetition Conditions
(6 conditions of the proximity- strong-dependence
group).
Fls-fls. “Preceding great faultless consciousness
(taken as faultless aggregate) is related to subsequent
great faultless consciousness.”
Fls-ind. “Great faultless consciousness to emer-
gence” (for the 5 proximity group conditions).
Conascence , Mutuality, Dependence , Nutri-
ment, Faculty, Association, Presence and Non-
disappearance Conditions.
Fls-fls. “Great faultless consciousness (taken as
faultless aggregate, nutriment or faculty as the case
may be) is related to (its) .associated aggregates.”
Fls-ind. “Great faultless consciousness is related to
mind-produced matter.”
123
Fls-fls,ind. “Great faultless consciousness is
related to (its) associated aggregates and mind-pro-
duced matter.”
Natural Strong-dependence Condition
Fls-fls. “By the strong-dependence of great fault-
less consciousness, (one) offers the offering ... develops
attainment.” “Great faultless consciousness is related
to confidence ... wisdom.” “The preparation (pari-
kamma which is great faultless consciousness) for
first jhana is related to first jhana.” “The preparation
(great faultless consciousness) for first Path is related
to First Path.”
Fls-fty. “By the strong-dependence of great fault-
less consciousness, (one) arouses conceit, adopts wrong
views.” “Great faultless consciousness is related to
lust ... wish.”
Fls-ind. “By the strong-dependence of great fault-
less consciousness, (one) tortures oneself ... experi-
ences the suffering caused by searching.” “Great
faultless consciousness is related to bodily happiness
... attainment of Fruition.”
Postnascence Condition
Fls-ind. “Postnascent great faultless consciousness
aggregate is related to this prenascent body.”
Dissociation Condition
Fls-ind. “Conascent great faultless consciousness
is related to mind-prodticed matter.”
General Application. The method of finding the
classified answers has been given in full with the
124
examples of the 2 consciousnesses above so that it
can be applied to the other consciousnesses and
also to the rest of the 4 ultimate categories with the
conditions concerned as given in the Chart. It will
take up too much space to deal with them. But the
reader should now be able to find the classified
answers without much difficulty.
Another reason for giving the method in detail is
to show that whenever a state (dhamma, meaning
absence of being and of life), such as delusion-rooted
consciousness in the example given, arises, it is due,
not to one condition alone, but to 17 conditions such
as object and so on. Also, that such a state arises,
not merely to carry out its momentary function and
cease and so become non-existent as before, but also
to act as cause to bring about the arisings, and there-
fore, the momentary functions of the other states
concerned, the effect, to which it is related. For only
then it will be seen that the real mundane things are
not independent, single states but various groups of
dependent, impersonal states, as causes and effects,
which arise and cease and which are brought about
by the natural forces of the several conditions con-
cerned and, as such, are neither created nor controlled
by a being or by an abiding principle that is either
related to or independent of these states. And when
the reader is convinced about this, the wrong view
that persons and beings and the creator of them do
really exist will be dispelled resulting in the attain-
ment of Path and Fruition.
End of Consciousness
II. Rules for 52 Mental Factors
1. Exclude the 7 conditions: root, prenascence,
kamma, nutriment, faculty, jhana and path,
and take the remaining 17 conditions as ref-
erence.
125
2. If it is hate, envy, stinginess, worry or doubt,
exclude predominance.
3. If it is a faulty mental factor, exclude resul-
tant.
4. If it is a minor conascence conditioning state,
include the appropriate conditions.
Explanation. As regards :
Rule 1, the conditioning states of prenascence
condition are materiality and so it is always excluded.
Those of the others, the 6 minor conascence condi-
tions, are considered in Rule 4. That is why 17 con-
ditions are taken as reference.
Rule 2, the conditioning states of predominance
condition do not include hate, envy, stinginess, worry
(that hate group of 4) and doubt and so, when any
one of them is under consideration, predominance
condition is excluded;
Rule 3, the conditioning states of resultant condi-
tion do not include the 14 faulty mental factors and
so, when any one of them is under consideration,
resultant condition is excluded;
Rule 4, when the mental factor under considera-
tion is a conditioning state of one or more of the 6
minor conascence conditions which were excluded in
Rule 1, include those conditions here.
Summary. Take the 17 conditions as reference
and simply examine whether the mental factor is
(a) faulty and is also one of the hate group of 4 or
doubt or (b) a conditioning state of the 6 minor cona-
scence conditions exclusive of predominance.
126
Application of the Rules
(a) Primary and Secondary Mental Factors 13
In the Chart the “remaining 3” under this heading
are: perception, attention and decision. The examples
for applying the rules to find the number of condi-
tions in which a mental factor is a conditioning state
are given below, taking into account only those that
apply.
(i) Contact. (1) 17 conditions; (4) include nutri-
ment as contact is a conditioning state of that condi-
tion. So the answer is 18.
(ii) Feeling. (1) 17; (4) include faculty and j liana
as feeling is a conditioning state of both conascence-
faculty and jhana conditions (the reasons for inclusion
of the conditions in (4) will not be given below). So
the answer is 19.
(iii) Volition. (1) 17; (4) include kamrna and
nutriment. So the answer is 19.
(iv) One-pointedness. (1) 17; (4) include faculty,
jhana and path. So the answer is 20.
(v) Psychic life-faculty. (1) 17; (4) include faculty.
So the answer is 18.
(vi) Applied Thought. (1) 17; (4) include jhana and
path. So the answer is 19.
(vii) Remaining 3. (1) 17. So the answer is 17
for each.
(b) Faulty Mental Factors 14
Rule 3 applies to all of them and so, resultant being
excluded, 16 conditions are taken as reference.
(i) Delusion or Greed. (1) 16; (4) include root.
So the answer is 17.
127
(ii) Shamelessness, Fearlessness, Restlessness or Con-
ceit. (1) 16. So the answer is 16.
(iii) Wrong View . (1) 16; (4) include path. So the
answer is 17.
(iv) Hate. (1) 16; (2) exclude predominance; (4)
include root. So the answer is 16.
(v) Wrong Speech , Wrong Action, or Wrong Liveli-
hood. (1) 16; (4) include kamma and nutriment
because these states under consideration are volitions.
(The reason for not including path was already ex-
plained.) So the answer is 18.
(c) Beautiful Mental Factors 25
In the Chart investigating-wisdom is meant for
predominance condition but here non-delusion is the
beautiful mental factor. Both of them come under
the reality of knowledge and so they are taken
together. The “remaining 17” are those that remain
besides the 8 given of the 25.
(i) Confidence. (1) 17; (4) include faculty. So the
answer is 18.
(ii) Mindfulness. (1) 17; (4) include faculty and
path. So the answer is 19.
(iii) Non-greed or Non-hate. (1) 17; (4) include
root. So the answer is 18.
(iv) Remaining 17. (1) 17. So the answer is 17.
Appropriate 52. In the Chart this is the last column
under the heading of mental factors. From the
Single Enumeration Charts (those in the Intr. to
C.R.) it will be seen that the 52' mental factors are
not conditioning states of prenascence condition but
all of them completely or the appropriate ones- are
128
those of 23 conditions. In other words, the 23 condi-
tions have mental factor as conditioning states. But
of the 23, 15, which are object, proximity, contiguity -
conascence, mutuality, dependence, strong-dependence,
postnascence, repetition, association, dissociation, pre-
sence, absence, disappearance and non-disappearance,
have the complete 52 as conditioning states and 8,
which are root, predominance, kamma, resultant,
nutriment, faculty, jhana and path, have appropriate
ones.
Matter 2 >
The “ditto” sign indicates that the matter in that
column is the conditioning state and the blank that
it is not. The reason for this difference from con-
sciousness and mental factor is that the conditions in
which matter is a conditioning state are few and it is
much easier to find them in the Chart with the sign
than with a blank. The conditions in which matter
is a conditioning state can also be found from the
Single Enumeration Charts.
Ill Rules for Produced Matter 18
1. Take the 6 conditions: object, predominance,
strong-dependence, prenascence, presence and non-
disappearance, as reference.
2. Include the other conditions for each material
state if it is a conditioning state of those conditions
as given in the Single Enumeration Charts.
Explanation. As regards :
Rule 1, it will be seen from those Single Enume-
ration Charts that 18 produced matter are always
conditioning states of the 6 conditions taken as ref-
F. 9
129
erence. For they are estimable objects in predomi-
nance and object-strong-dependence conditions;
present objects in prenascence, presence and non-
disappearance conditions; present, past or future
objects in object condition. That is why these 6
conditions are taken as reference;
Rule 2, include the other conditions if they have
the material state under consideration as conditioning
state and which can be found from the Single
Enumeration Charts.
These rules do not apply to the 10 non-produced
matter and lifeless matter.
Application of the Rules
(i) 4 Great Primaries. (1) 6; (2) include conascence,
mutuality and dependence (presence and non-
disappearance have been included in the 6). So the
answer is 9 for each great primary.
(ii) 5 Sensitive Matter. (1) 6; (2) include depen-
dence, faculty and dissociation. So the answer is 9
for each of them.
(iii) 4 Sense Objects or 2 Sexes. (1) 6. So the
answer is 6 for each.
(iv) Heart-base. (1) 6; (2) include conascence,
mutuality, dependence and dissociation. So the
answer is 10.
(v) Physical Life-faculty. (1) 6; (2) include faculty.
So the answer is 7.
(vi) Nutritive Essence. (1) 6; (2) include nutri-
ment. So the answer is 7.
(The reason for taking 7 instead of 6 as in the Com-
mentary was explained in a footnote.)
130
N on-produced Matter 10.
they are conditioning states
and strong-dependence.
The Chart shows that
of 2 conditions: object
External Lifeless Matter. The Chari shows that
they are conditioning states of 5 conditions: 4 Major
conascence and mutuality.
Appropriate 28. The Chart shows that ali the 28
matter completely or the appropriate ones are condi-
tioning states of 12 conditions. In other words,
12 conditions have matter as conditioning state. But
of the 12, 6, the ones given in Rule 1, have the com-
plete 28 as conditioning states and the other 6, which
are conascence, mutuality, dependence, nutriment,
faculty and dissociation, have appropriate ones.
Nibhdna, Concept
The Chart shows that Nibbana is a conditioning
state of 3 conditions: object, object-predominance
and object-strong-dependence, and concept that of
2 conditions : object and natural strong-dependence.
End of one State (in) Several Conditions
4. ONE CONDITION (COMMON WITH)
SEVERAL CONDITIONS
It was shown above that a conditioning state is
included in several conditions, i.e. a conditioning
state is common to several conditions. But the rela-
tions between that conditioning state and its condi-
tioned state are not always the same. Here only
the conditions — from amongst those several condi-
tions — where the relations between that conditioning
131
ONE CONDITION (COMMON WITH) SEVERAL CONDITIONS
“EKAPACCAYA ANEKAPACCAYA”
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state and the conditioned stale are the same are taken
and, obviously, these conditions must be of the same
group. For example, in root condition, non- delusion,
a conditioning state, in accordance with its nature,
is related to its conditioned states. Bat it will be
found that this same relation between non-delusion
and its conditioned states takes place at the same
moment by other conditions such as predominance,
mutuality and so on, all of which belong to the
conascence group of conditions. So this relation by
root condition is common to these conditions. Thus
it is said that root condition is common with such
conditions. These common conditions are dealt with
in the Investigation Chapter only and so they are
based on the conditioning arid conditioned states of
that Chapter. These states have been given in the
Single Enumeration Chapters (in the Intr. to C.R. 1 )
where the conditions are taken not in serial order
but according to groups. There the conditioning
states of a condition are all taken together and the
total of the common conditions is given. Here each
conditioning state of a condition is taken separately
and 2 or more are taken together only when they
are related by the same conditions.
The Chart. The asterisk in each column indicates
that it is the reference condition and the “ditto” signs
taken horizontally with it are the conditions common
with that reference condition. This Chart will show
the value of the arrangement of the conditioning
states and the conditions in the Single Enumeration
Charts.
1. Always refer to the Single Enumeration Charts in the Intr
to C.R.I for the conditioning and conditioned states of the
conditions.
132
Root Condition
In the Explanation of the Single Enumerations it
was shown that with root as the reference condition,
there are 12 common conditions including the ref-
erence. So, when the reference is taken separately
root condition is common with 11 conditions. This
is the way the Commentary takes the common con-
ditions.
(i) Non- delusion. \ Non-delusion is common with 4
Major conasc enee, 4 Medium conascence, predomi-
nance, faculty and path of Minor conascence condi-
tions. So it is common with 11 conditions.
(it) Non-greed , Non-hate. These do not come under
the reality of knowledge as does non-delusion. So
the 3 Minor conascence conditions given above for
non-delusion arc excluded. And each of them is
common with the 4 Major and 4 Medium conascence
conditions, i.e. 8 conditions. But it is 8 only when
they are resultants because then resultant condition is
included. Otherwise it is 7 when they are faultless
or functional because resultant condition is excluded.
(ili) Greed \ Hate, Delusion. They are faulty roots
and so, for the same reason given above, resultant
condition is excluded. So each is common with 7
conditions: 4 Major and 3 Medium conascence con-
ditions.
When all the 6 conditioning states of root condition
are taken together as a whole, i.e. root condition,
it will be found that the total number of conditions
common with this condition is 11, the total shown
in the Chart. This is how the totals in the Chart are
obtained.
Object Condition
(Q. Present Object. Object condition is common
with the other 7 conditions of the group, as shown
in the Chart, only when the relation takes place with
the object present at that moment. These conditions,
taken in their serial order, are: (1) object-pre-
dominance, (2) base-object-prenascence-dependence,
(3) object-strong- dependence, (4) object-prenascence,
(5) base-object-prenascence-clissociation, (6) object-
prenascence-prcscncc, (7) object- prenascence-non-dis-
appearance.
When the conditioning states (which are objects)
of these 7 conditions are examined, it will be found
that they are all material states. For if both the
object as cause and the subject as effect must be of
the present moment, then the conditioning states*
the objects, can only be material states. As for the
mental states, since their span of duration is so
exceedingly short, they can never be objects of the
present but only of the past or future. This is why
the Investigation Chapter of the Patthana on Present
Triplet gives the following relation: “(One) practises
insight into the impermanency, (suffering and imper-
sonality) of the present eve; (enjoys and delights in...
Taking it as object, arises lust ...) grief. . . body
... visible object ... sound ... smell ... taste ... tangible
object ... (heart-)base ... present (material) aggregates
... grief.
By the power of divine-eye, sees the visible object.
By the power of divine-ear element, hears the sound .
Visible object-base is related to eye-consciousness
... tangible object-base is related to body-conscious-
ness by object condition.
Present (material) aggregates are related to know-
ledge of supernormal power, (mind-door) advertence
by object condition” (Synod Vol. II. p.413).
Here the conditioning states are the 28 states of
matter and the conditioned states are 54 sensuous
consciousness, 52 mental factors and the 3 super-
knowledges, divine-eye, divine-ear and knowledge of
super normal power .
(ii) Past or Future Object. They are the condi-
tioning states of object, object-predominance and
object-strong-dependence, the conditions which take
such objects. This will be explained later in the
Section on Period in the Miscellaneous Decisions.
So object condition hero is common with 2 conditions :
predominance and strong-dependence.
Predominance Condition
Object-predominance is the same as “Present Object
7” above and so the Commentary does not deal with
it but only with the other kind, conascence-predomi-
nance.
(i) Predominant Investigating wisdom. This, just like
non-delusion of root condition, comes under tiie
reality of knowledge and so it is common, with 11
conditions. Of the 12 common conditions given for
conascence-predominance as a whole, only 11, the 4
Maj or coaascenoe, 4 Medium conascence and root,
facu by, path of Minor conascence, the same as non-
delusion, have to be taken.
(ii) Predominant Desire. It is common with 8
conditions, 4 Major and 4 Medium conaseencc con-
ditions, since the 3 Minor conascence conditions in
(i) above are not involved.
135
(iii) Predominant Effort. It is common with 10
conditions, the above 8, faculty and path.
(iv) Predominant Consciousness. It is common with
10 conditions, the above 8, nutriment and faculty.
It will be seen from the Chart that predominance
condition as a whole is common with 15 conditions.
Proximity , Contiguity s Absence or Disappearance
Condition
They belong to the proximity-strong-dependence
group of 7 conditions. So each of them is common
with the remaining 6 conditions.
Conascence or Mutuality Condition
They belong to the conascence group of 15 condi-
tions and for them there are 15 common conditions.
So each is common with 14 conditions. In the Single
Enumeration Chart the 4 and 5 conditions given for
conascence and mutuality respectively are the condi-
tions which occur completely. But here those that
occur appropriately are also taken. This will be
clear when the commons in the Enumeration Chapter
of the Investigation Chapter are dealt with. It also
applies to the resultant, association and conascence-
dissociation of the Medium Conascence group where
the conditions which occur completely are given in
the Single Enumeration Chart.
Conascence, Mutuality or Dependence Condition
Heart-base. It will be seen that heart-base is a
conditioning state of 4 Major conascence and 2
(mutuality and conasccnce-dissociation) Medium
conascence conditions. So in this case conascence,
136
mutuality or dependence condition is common with
5 conditions. The reason why heart-base is given
separately is that it is different from the other condi-
tioning states of these 3 conditions.
Dependence Condition
It is shown in the Chart that dependence condition
is common with 17 conditions. This is somewhat
difficult to v/ork out. On looking up the Single
Enumeration Charts to find the kinds of dependence
condition in the various groups, it will be seen that
there are: (a) base-object-prenascence-dependence (of
the object group), (b) conascence-dependence (of the
Major conascence group), (c) base-prenascence-depen-
dence (of the base-prenascence group) and (d) mixed
conascence-prenascence- dependence (of the mixed
conascence-prenascence group). When the conditions
with which each of the above conditions is common
are examined and only the ones that are different
are taken, the total is found to be 17.
The easiest way to work this out is to start with
(b). (b) is common with the remaining 14 conditions
of the conascence group. Then (a) is common with
the remaining 7 of the object gioup. The 3 of (a)
not included in the 14 of (b) are object, strong-depen-
dence and prenascence. So now dependence condi-
tion is common with 17 conditions. As for (c) which
is common with the remaining 5 of the base-prenas-
cence group and (d) which is common with the re-
maining 2 of the mixed conascence-prenascence group,
these 7 conditions are already included in the 17 above
and so there are no additions to be made to 17. 1
1. The Corny, gives the 6 conditions that are not common
and merely states that the remaining 17 are common but
does not explain, as done here, how the common conditions
are obtained,
Strong-dependence Condition
Of the 3 kinds: (a) object-strong-dependence is the
same as object-predominance which is common with
7 conditions, (b) proximity-strong- dependence is the
same as proximity which is common with 6 condi-
tions, (c) natural strong-dependence which is not
common with any condition. Therefore, taking
strong-dependence condition as a whole, it is common
with 13 conditions. But since (a) and (b) are the
same as the above conditions which have been dealt
with, the Commentary deals only with (c).
Path Volition. It is shown in the Chart that Path
volition is common with kamma condition for this
volition is also a conditioning state of proximity-
kamma which is common with 5 conditions.
Although the Commentary remarks that natural
strong- dependence is the only condition (and is not
common with others), the Subcommentary (p. 196)
adds that kamma condition is also included because
strong asynchronous kamma, which belongs to the
natural strong-dependence group, is common with
kamma condition.
Prenascence Condition
Prenascence. Prenascence in the Chart includes
both kinds : (a) ohject-and (b) base-prenascence.
(a) is common with the remaining 7 conditions of the
object group and (b) with the remaining 5 of the
base-prenascence group. But of the 5 of (b), faculty
is the only one not included in (a). So prenascence
condition is common with 3 conditions.
Object-prenascence. Although k is shown above
that (a) object-prenascence is common with 7 condi-
tions, the Commentary (p. 391) states that it is com-
mon with 5 because dependence and dissociation are
excluded.
Subcomy. (p.146) Object-prenascence belongs to
the object group (which includes base-ohject-pre-
nascenee-dependence and base-ohject-prenascence-dis-
sociation) and since heart-base (as base-object) can
be included (as a conditioning state), it should not
be stated that dependence and dissociation are not
included. Of course, if heart-base is not included as
object, then, according to the Commentary, these 2
conditions are excluded.
For Consideration. What the Commentary and
Subcommentary say in this matter have to be con-
sidered. Object-prenascence, which the Commentary
had in mind, must be, not only this condition, but
also object-prenascence-predornmance which is com-
mon with 5 conditions where dependence and disso-
ciation are not included. For only then is object-
prenascence common with 5 conditions. But object-
prenascence belongs to the object group and so it is
common, completely and appropriately, with the
remaining 7 conditions of that group. (In the Object
Group Chart it is shown as common with 3 condi-
tions completely but not with the other 4, predomi"
nance, dependence, strong-dependence and disso-
ciation that are common appropriately.) Here heart-
base is included as base-object and, therefore, the
remark by the Subcommentary as to its inclusion or
otherwise is uncalled for. As a matter of fact, heart-
base was already dealt with in base-prenascence above
and so there is no need for the Commentary to con-
sider it in object-prenascence.
139
Postnascence Condition
Each of the 4 conditions of the postnascence group
is common with the remaining 3 of that group. (See
the postnascence group Chart in C.R.)
Repetition Condition
Repetition condition is common with 5 conditionst
(See the proximity-strong-dependence group Chart
in C.R.)
Kamma Condition
Conascence-kamma. This condition is common
with 9 conditions. (See the Minor conascence group
Chart in C.R.)
Asynchronous kamma. Strong asynchronous kamma
condition belongs to the strong-dependence group
(see the group Chart) in which proximity-kamma,
which is common with 5 conditions, is included.
So asynchronous kamma is taken in the same way,
i.e. it is common with the same 5 conditions, com-
pletely with strong-dependence and appropriately
with the other 4.
Resultant Condition
Resultant condition, like mutuality condition above,
belongs to the Medium conascence group and so it
is common with 14 conditions.
Nutriment Condition
Physical Nutriment. As in the group Chart, physi-
cal nutriment condition is common with 2 conditions.
Subcomy. In the old editions of the Commentary
it is given that nutritive essence is (the conditioning
state of) nutriment condition only, i.e. “kaballkaro
aharo ahara paccayova.” But the Subcommentary
points out that it is also of presence and non-disap-
pearance conditions (physical nutriment-presence and
physical nutriment-non-disappearance are included
with physical nutriment in the group). (In the latest
edition of the Commentary these 2 conditions are
included as pointed out in the Subcommentary).
Conascence-nutrimen t. As in the Minor conascence
group Chart, conascence-nutriment condition is com-
mon with 11 conditions.
Faculty Condition
Base-prenascence-faculty . As in the base-prenas-
cence group Chart, base-prenascence-faculty condition
is common with 5 conditions.
Physical Life-faculty. As in the physical life-faculty
group Chart, physical life-faculty condition is common
with 2 conditions.
Conascence-f acuity . As in the Minor conascence
group Chart, conascence-f acuity condition is common
with 13 conditions.
Jhana and Path Conditions
As in the Minor conascence group Chart, jhana
condition is common with 10 and path condition with
12 conditions.
Association Condition
Although association condition belongs to the
Medium conascence group, it is common, not with
141
14 , but with 13 conditions of the conascence group
because the remaining one, dissociation, being its
very opposite, is excluded.
Dissociation Condition
Dissociation. Here dissociation condition is taken
as a whole and so the 4 kinds: (a) base-object-pre-
nascence-dissociation, (b) conascence-dissociation,
(c) base-prenaseence-dissoeiation, (d) postnascence-
dissociation, are included. As was shown in the
case of dependence condition, the common condi-
tions can be worked out. (b) belongs to the Medium
conascence group and is common, not with 14, but
with 13 conditions of the conascence group as asso-
ciation, the remaining one, being its very opposite,
is excluded, (a) is common with the remaining 7
conditions of the object group to which it belongs.
The 3 of (a), object, strong-dependence and pre-
nascence, which are not included in the 13 of (b),
are added to make 16. (c) is common with the re-
maining 6 conditions of the base-prenascence group
to which it belongs but they are already included in
the 16 and so there is no new condition to add. (d)
is common with the remaining 3 conditions of the
postnascence group to which it belongs and, of these,
postnascence is a new condition that has to be added
to 16 to make 17. So dissociation condition is com-
mon with 17 conditions. l
Conascence-dissociation. As shown above it is com-
mon with 13 conditions. It is dealt with separately
in the Chart because it is the only kind of dissociation
condition not met with elsewhere.
1. The Corny, gives the 6 conditions that are not common
and merely states that the remaining 17 are common but
does not explain, as done here, how the common condi-
tions are obtained.
142
Presence or Non-disappearance Condition
Of the 9 kinds of presence condition, the 3 kinds
of mixed conditions are not considered because the
conditions with which they are common are included
in those with which the other 6 kinds are common.
Of the 6 kinds: (a) co nascence-pr esence, a Major
conascenee, is common with the remaining 14 con-
ditions of the conascenee group, (b) objeet-prenas-
cence is common with the remaining 7 conditions of
the same object group. The 3 of (b), object, strong-
dependence and prenascence, which are not included
in the 14 of (a), are added to make 17. (c) base-
prenascence-pr esence is common with the remaining
5 of the same base-prenaseence group but no addition
is necessary because all of them are already included
in 17. (d) post nascence-pr esence is common with
the remaining 3 of the same postnascence group.
Here postnascence is a new condition that has to be
added to 17 to make 18. (e) and (f), physical nutri-
ment-presence and physical life-faculty-presence, are
each common with the same 2 conditions which are
not new ones. So presence condition is common
with 18 conditions. 1 It is the same for non-dis-
appearance condition.
Note. All the explanations are based on the Single
Enumerations, the conditioning and conditioned states
given in the various group Charts in the Intr. to C.R.
So if these enumerations are understood, there will be
no doubts and difficulties with all that has gone before.
End of One Condition (common with)
Several Conditions
1 . The Corny, gives the 5 conditions that are not common
and merely states that the remaining 18 are common but
does not explain, as done here, how the common condi-
tions are obtained.
143
5. MISCELLANEOUS DECISIONS
As pointed out before, (a) State and Period,
included in this Miscellaneous Decisions Chart, are
dealt with in the Commentary after the explanation
of the 24 conditions of Chapter I of C.R; (b) State,
Period, all the Miscellaneous Decisions of the Com-
mentary — with the exception of “One State (in)
Several Conditions” and “One Condition (common
with) Several Conditions” already dealt with above —
and those not included in the Commentary are sum-
marized in this Chart. Here, also, the explanations
are based on the Single Enumerations. So reference
must be made to the Charts in the Intr. to C.R. for
the groups, the conditions in the groups and the con-
ditioning and conditioned states of the conditions in
those groups.
(i) State
Here the Commentary deals with the conditions
which have mentality, etc. as conditioning states.
These conditions are given in the Chart and can be
found by reading it vertically.
Part of Mentality ( Ndmekaclesa ). Part of mentality
means that all mentality, i.e. all the consciousnesses
or all the mental factors, are not conditioning states
of the conditions concerned but only part of it, i.e.
some of the consciousnesses or mental factors. Of
the 7 Minor conascence conditions, the 2, conascence-
nutriment and conascence-faculty, are excluded and
the remaining 5, root, predominance, kamma, jhana
and path, are taken because parts of mentality are
their conditioning states. The reason for excluding
the 2 conditions is that consciousness nutriment of
conascence-nutriment and mind-faculty of conascence-
144
faculty have all the 89 consciousnesses as their condi-
tioning states. As regards the 5 conditions taken,
conascence-predominance has predominant conscious-
ness which comprises 52 predominant impulsions,
and the 3 predominant mental factors, desire and so
on as conditioning states but not all the conscious-
nesses or all the mental factors; root, kamma, jhana
and path have a few mental factors as their condi-
tioning states.
Nibbana. Of the 4 ultimate categories, conscious-
ness, mental factor and Nibbana are mental states
and matter consists of material states. That Nibbana
is part of mentality is given in Mula Yamaka where
it is stated that “Nama dhamma” (mental states)
includes Nibbana. Here the Commentary (p. 352)
states “Nibbanassa asangahitatta namadhammekade-
sotipi vattum vatfati.” This means that Nibbana,
which is unclassified, is said to be part of mental
states. The Subcommentary (p. 175) points out that
(Nibbana is) asangahitatta (unclassified) because it is
aggregate-freed and cannot be classified under any of
the 4 mental aggregates (unlike the other mental
states). In the Chart Nibbana is given along with
part of mentality.
Mentality-materiality {Nama rupa). Refer to object
and object-predominance conditions. It will be found
that the former has all the mentality and materiality
and the latter has, though not all, most of them as
conditioning states. So there are 2 conditions.
Mentality. The 8 conditions: proximity, contiguity,
postnascence, repetition, resultant, association,
absence and disappearance, have only mentality,
which are all or most of the consciousnesses and
mental factors, as their conditioning states.
Part of Materiality. Prenascence is the one condi-
tion which has only 18 produced matter, i.e. change-
] ; . 10
145
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able materiality (rupa-rupa), as its conditioning states.
They are part of materiality which consists of 28
matter or material states.
Subcomy. Part of materiality is changeable
materiality exclusive of the remaining (10) non-pro-
duced matter. Although the Faultless Triplet does
not detail this changeable materiality known as 18
produced matter, in prenascence condition of the
Visible and Impinging Triplet it is stated: “(One)
practises insight into the impermanency, suffering and
impersonality of heart-base, femininity, masculinity,
physical life 1 , cohesion element, nutritive essence
(edible food, .f’where specific mention is made(p.l76).
All States. Object and strong-dependence are the
2 conditions that have all mentality and materiality,
i.e. all ultimate realities, and concept as their condi-
tioning states.
Appropriate Mentality-materiality. This means con-
sciousnesses and mental factors — where all of both
of them or one of them are included — and some of
the materiality. There are 8 conditions, as shown in
the Chart, with such conditioning states. Conascence,
mutuality and dependence have all the mentality but
not all the materiality (only the great primaries and
heart-base) ; nutriment and faculty have part of menta-
lity, i.e. all the consciousnesses and some mental
factors, and part of materiality (nutritive essence in
nutriment, 5 sentient faculties in base-prenascence-
f acuity and physical life in physical life-faoulty);
dissociation has all the mental factors but not all
consciousnesses and part of materiality; presence and
non-disappearance have all the mentality and part
of materiality.
1. Mentioned in the Text on that Triplet but not in the Sub-
comy. — probably an inadvertent or a printers omission.
146
(II) Period
Here the Commentary differentiates the 24 condi-
tion according to the period at which they occur,
i.e. the conditions which occur to bring about the
conditioned states when the conditioning states are
of the (1) present, (2) past, (3) present and past,
( 4 ) past, present and future or ( 5 ) time-freed. The
number of conditions in each of these cases is first
summarized in the following verse before explanations
are given.
Paccuppana va hontettha-paccaya dasa panca ca,
Atlta eva pance ko - tekale dve pi nissito,
Tayo tikalika eva vimutta cdpi kalato.
This means that there are 15 conditions of the
present, 5 of the past, 1 of 2 periods (present and
past), 3 of 3 periods as well as time-freed.
Present . With the exception of object, object-
predominance and ob^ect-strong-dependence, the rest
of the conditions of the object group and all those
of the conascence, base-prenascence, postnascence,
physical nutriment and physical life-faculty groups
are of the present. They are the 15 conditions given
in the Chart. If it is pointed out that conascence-
predominance is not included, it must be remenbered
that the Commentary divides the 24 conditions — and
not the various kinds of conditions that come under
the groups — according to period. So, although it
is of the present, it is not included as in the case of
the conditions of the object group given above.
Past. The 7 conditions of the proximity-strong-
dependence group are of the past. But the Chart
gives only the 5 which are always of the past. For
the other kinds of strong-dependence and kamma
are also of other periods.
147
Present and Past. Kamma condition is the only
one of both present and past, i.e. of 2 periods. For
conascence-kamma is of the present and asynchronous
kamma is of the past.
Past, Present and Future, Time-freed. The 3 condi-
tions are object, predominance and strong-dependence
as shown in the Chart. In object condition, the
conditioning states (a) consciousnesses, mental factors
and materiality are of the present, past or future and
(b) Nibbana and concept are time-freed. In predo-
minance condition, conascence-predominance, being
of the present, is not taken but only object-predomi-
nance where, as in object condition, the conditioning
states (a) consciousnesses, mental factors and materia-
lity are of the present, past or future and (b) Nib-
bana is time-freed. In strong-dependence condi-
tion, proximity-strong-dependence is of the past,
object-strong-is time- freed. Object -strong-dependence
is the same as object-predominance above and
natural strong-dependence has conditioning states
(a) consciousnesses, mental factors and materiality
which are of the present, past or future and (b) con-
cept which is time-freed.
(iii) Several States (in) One Condition
Here the Commentary mentions the conditions
which have several conditioning states. Each of the
23 conditions exclusive of kamma have several condi-
tioning states. For the 6 roots, etc. are the several
conditioning states of each of the conditions, root,
etc. But volition is the only conditioning state of
kamma condition, i.e. one conditioning state in one
condition, and so it is marked with a cross in the
Chart.
148
(iv) Common Conditions
Here the Commentary considers the conditions
which have common conditioning and conditioned
states. It gives them as: (1) proximity, contiguity,
proximity-strong-dependence, repetition, absence and
disappearance (of the proximity-strong-depedencen
group) and (2) object, object-predominance and
object-strong-dependence (of the object group). They
are shown in the Chart. (The Commentary gives
these as examples because they were already dealt
with in “One Condition (common with) Several Con-
ditions” and the Sub-commentary has nothing to say
about this).
(v) Uncommon Conditions
Here the Commentary considers the conditions in
which the conditioning and conditioned states are not
common, These are the pairs where one of the pair
is the opposite of the other. They are: prenacence-
and postnascence ; association and dissociations pre-
sence and absence; disappearance and non-disappea-
rance. These pairs are marked with asterisks in the
Chart.
Corny. The conditions have been singled out as
examples to show the methods of determining the
common and uncommon conditions.
Subcomy. It is to be understood from the Com-
mentary that root condition, etc. of the conascence
group is common with the other conditions of that
group and is not common with the conditions of the
object group, etc., i.e. those that are not of the conas-
cence group (p. 197).
149
Note. This principle outlined by the Subcommen-
tary is derived from the Common and Uncommon
Sections given in detail in the Investigation Chapter.
(vi) Pairs
Here the Commentary gives the conditions in pairs
and the reasons for doing so.
(1) Proximity and Contiguity, because they have the
same meaning (attha yugalaka) of “next in
time”.
(2) Dependence and Strong-dependence, because
they have the same term (sadda yugalaka)
“dependence”.
(3) Prenascence and Postnascence, because they
occur opposite in time (kala patipakkha yuga-
laka). For in prenascence, the conditioning
states are present prior to the conditioned
states whereas in postnascence, the conditioning
states come after the conditioned states.
( 4 ) Kamma and Resultant, because it is a pair of
cause and effect (hetu phala yugalaka). Here
the kamma is asynchronous kamma, the cause,
and resultant, its effect.
(5) Association and Dissociation, because the former
relates by association and the latter by non-
association ;
Presence and Absence, because the former relates
when the conditioning states are present and the latter
when they are not;
Disappearance and Non-disappearance;, because the
former relates when the conditioning states have
disappeared and the latter before they disappear.
150
Each of the last 3 pairs under ( 5 ) are taken because
one is mutually opposite of the other (annamanna
patipakkha yugalaka). In the Chart all the pairs
are marked by esterisks.
(vii) Production and Non-production
Here the Commentary considers the conditions in
which the conditioning states are related to the condi-
tioned states by the forces of production, non-pro-
duction (force of support) and both production and
non-production .
Production. The conditioning states of 7 condi-
tions of the strong-dependence group, proximity,
contiguity, strong-dependence (proximity-strong-de-
pendence and natural strong-dependence), repetition,
asynchronous kamma, absence and disappearance,
are related to their conditioned states by the force
of production. Here the conditioning states bring
about the nascent arising of the conditioned states.
Corny. It is production in the sense of causing the
conditioned states to arise and not of causing them
to continue to exist after they had already arisen so
as to reach the static phase. The Paji is: Janakayeva
na ajanaka.
Subcomy. “Janakayeva na ajanaka'’ means that
the essential force is that of production and not that
of support (p. 197).
Although 7 different conditions are given above,
there are 8 when the 2 kinds of strong-dependence
are taken separately. Of the 8, it is clear that the
states of 6, which belong to the proximity-strong-
dependence group, are always related by the force
of production because the conditioning states, on
ceasing, cause the immediate arising of the conditioned
151
states. So only the other 2 conditions, natural strong-
dependence and asynchronous kamma of the natural
strong-dependence group, need to be considered.
In these 2 conditions, proximity-kamma, which be-
longs to the proximity-strong-dependence group, is
included and it is the only one of that group that has
not been taken into account. And it is to be noted
that only the conditions of that group are involved
here. So, though the Commentary gives these 2
conditions, it is proximity-kamma in each of them
that must be taken.
Non-production. Here the states of the conditions
are related, not by the force of production, but by
support. The Pali that states non-production mean
support is: Ajanaka upatthambhaka cati attho. Un-
like the case of production above where the condi-
tioned states are produced, here the conditioned states,
which have already been produced by the causes con-
cerned, are supported so that they continue to exist
to the static and cessant phases. Postnascence condi-
tion is the only one with the mere force of support.
(This is the reason why postnascence condition is not
expounded in the 6 Chapters where only those condi-
tions with the force of production are considered.
See Intr. to C.R. p. xix.)
Production and Non-production. In accordance with
the Commentary the Chart shows that there are 18
conditions which have the forces both of production
and support.
Corny. These conditions are known as production
and non-production (janaka-janaka) conditions. But
since non- product ion (ajanaka) means support
(upatthambhaka), they are also known as production
and support (janako-patthambhaka) conditions.
Subcomy. What the Commentary means by “pro-
duction and support” is that the 18 conditions such
152
as root, for example, where the roots are related to
their rooted associated aggregates, rooted mind-pro-
duced matter and rooted rebirth kamma-produced
matter, these conditioned states cannot be produced
nor be supported without the roots, the conditioning
states. For in these cases the conditions have to
have both the forces of production and support
(p. 197).
(viii) Cause of All or Not All Formations
Here the Commentary considers the conditions
which are the causes of (1) all formations (sabbattha-
nika), (2) not all formations (asabbatthanika) and
(3) neither all nor not all formations (nasabbattha-
nika). In these cases the conditioned states that
arise are taken into account.
Cause of All Formations . The Commentary states
that the conditions which are the causes of all materia-
lity and mentality, i.e. all the conditioned formations
are known as the conditions which are the causes of
all formations; that no conditioned materiality or
mentality, of whatever kind, can arise without these
conditions. These conditions are the 4 Major conas-
cence conditions. It will be seen from the Major
conascence group Chart that all materiality and
mentality are conditioned states of these conditions
and that is why, in the Nagative Conditions of the
6 Chapters, there are no conditioned states of these
conditions. So they are not expounded there.
Cause of Not All Formations. The Commentary
states that the conditions which are the causes of
the mentality concerned but not of materiality, i.e.
not all the conditioned formations, are known as the
conditions which are the causes of not all formations.
These conditions are the 1 1 given under this column
153
ill the Chart. Except for prenascence and postnas-
cence, which will be considered later, the other 9
conditions, object, object-predominance and so on,
have only mentality as conditioned states, i.e. these
conditions cause mentality blit not materiality. It
will be seen from the Single Enumeration Charts that
only mentality, but not all the conditioned formations
of materiality and mentality, are the conditioned
states of these conditions.
Corny. Prenascence and postnascence are not
causes of all materiality and mentality and so they
are also conditions which are the causes of not all
formations. Again, though they are not causes of
both materiality and mentality, prenascence causes
mentality and postnascence causes materiality and,
therefore, they are the conditions which are the causes
of not all formations. That is why these 2 conditions
are taken seperately in the Chart.
Subcomy (p. 197). If the kinds of strong-depen-
dence are to be distinguished, consider the 3 kinds,
otherwise take this condition as a whole. (The reason
for this remark is that one kind, object-strong-depen-
dence, is not included and so only the other 2 kinds
are given in the Chart). Besides, when prenascence
and postnascence are taken as conditions which are
causes of not all formations, since the former has
only mentality as conditioned states just as proximity
and others, it should be included along with them
and only the latter taken separately. (The reason is
that all the conditions which have only mentality as
conditioned states should first be taken together and
then postnascence, which has only materiality as
conditioned states, treated separately. So the condi-
tions taken here are those that cause either mentality
or materiality but not both).
154
Cause of Neither All Nor Not All Formation. The
Commentary states that the conditions which are
the causes of some of both materiality and mentality
are known as the conditions which are the causes of
neither all nor not all formations. These conditions
are the remaining ones, root, etc. as given in the
Chart. It will be seen from the Single Enumeration
Charts that some of the materiality and mentality,
but not all, are the conditioned states of root condi-
tion, etc.
(ix) Materiality to Materiality , etc.
The Commentary on this is given in the Chapter
on Relations in the Compendium of Philosophy
p. 192f. The verse there is:
Mind may to mind SIX fold relation bear,
FIVE fold to mind-cmd-body. ONE alone
To body. Body is to mind ONE way
Related. TWO relations bear to mind
Mind-body-name-and-notion, while to itself
Mind- body may in NINE relations stand.
Sets of relations, SIX.
It will be shown how the above can be understood
from the Single Enumeration Charts. But before
doing so, remarks on the general statements of the
Commentary (p. 393) on the 24 conditions are made
below :
(1) There is none where the conditioning states
which are always materiality, are related to the condi-
tioned states which are materiality (i.e. where both
the conditioning and conditioned states are materiality
only).
155
Physical nutriment and physical life-faculty condi-
tions do have materiality only as conditioning states
related to materiality only as conditioned states.
These conditions, however, are parts of nutriment
and faculty conditions but here the Commentary is
considering each condition as a whole and in that
case, of course, there is none.
(2) There is none where the conditioning states,
which are always materiality, are related to the condi-
tioned states which are materiality and mentality.
Such a condition is not to be found in the Single
Enumeration Charts.
fo) There is none where the conditioning states,
which are materiality and mentality, are related to
the conditioned states which are materiality only.
There are such causes in mixed postnascence-nutri-
ment and mixed postnascence-faculty conditions but,
as pointed out above, the Commentary considers
each condition as a whole and not the separate kinds.
The Order of the Relations in the Chart
Materiality to Mentality . This is “Body is to mind
one way related” of the verse. Prenascence is the
only condition where materiality, which are always
the conditioning states, are related to mentality, the
conditioned states. This applies to both kinds of
prenascence, object-and base-prenascence.
Mentality to Mentality. This is “Mind may to
mind sixfold relation bear”. The 6 conditions in
the Chart are related thus 1 .
1. Check with the conditioning and conditioned states given
in the Single Enumeration Charts in the Intr. to C.R.
156
Mentality to Materiality. This is “(Mind), one
alone to body”. Post n a sconce is the only condition
with this relation 1 .
Mentality to Mentality and Materiality . This is
“(Mind), fivefold to mind-and-body”. The 5 rela-
tions given in the Chart are related thus 1 . In the
case of root condition, the 6 roots (mentality) are
related to their associated aggregates (mentality),
rooted mind-produced and rooted rebirth kamma-
produced matter (materiality).
Mentality , Materiality and Concept to Mentality.
This is “Two relations bear to mind, mind-body-
name-and-noiion”. The 2 conditions, object and
strong-dependence, given in the Chart are related
thus 1 . The appropriate Single Enumeration Charts
show that object condition together with object-
strong-dependence and natural strong-dependence of
strong-dependence condition have mentality, materia-
lity and concept (concept is given in the Analytical
Exposition) as conditioning states but only mentality
as conditioned states.
Mentality and Meteriality to Mentality and Materia-
lity. This is “While to itself, mind-body may in
nine relations stand.” The 9 conditions given in the
Chart are related thus. From the conditioning and
conditioned states of these conditions given in the
Charts in the Intr. to C.R. it will be seen that:
(1) predominance condition is taken as a whole.
For one kind, object-predominance, has mentality
and materiality as conditioning states with mentality
only as conditioned states and the other kind, conas-
cence-predominance, has mentality only as condi-
tioning states with mentality and materiality as condi-
tioned states. So both of them have to be taken
together, i.e. predominance condition a whole.
157
( 2 ), (3) cotuiscence and mutuality conditions are
clear.
(4) dependence condition is taken as a whole. For
it is only conascence-dependence which has this rela-
tion. The other 2 kinds, base-object-prenascence-
dependence and base-prenascence-dependence, which
are not included elsewhere, have materiality as condi-
tioning states and mentality as conditioned states.
(5) nutriment condition is taken as a whole. For
the 2 kinds, (a) conascence-nutriment has mentality
as conditioning states with mentality and materiality
as conditioned states and (b) physical nutriment has
materiality as both conditioning and conditioned
states.
( 6 ) faculty condition is taken as a whole. For the
3 kinds, (a) conascence-f acuity has mentality as condi-
tioning states with mentality and materiality as condi-
tioned states, (b) base-prenascence-faculty has materia-
lity as conditioning states with mentality as condi-
tioned states and (c) physical life-faculty has materia-
lity as both conditioning and conditioned states.
(7) dissociation condition is taken as a whole. For
it is only conascence-dissociation which has this rela-
tion. The other 3 kinds, (a) base-object-prenascence-
dissociation and (b) base-prenascence-dissociation have
materiality as conditioning states with mentality as
conditioned states while (c) postnascence-dissociation
has mentality as conditioning states with materiality
as conditioned states.
(8) , (9) presence and non-disappearance conditions
are each taken as a whole. For, amongst the 6 kinds
of each, only conascence-presence and conascence-
non-disappearance have this relation.
158
(%) Planes of Existence
Here the Commentary considers the conditions
which occur in the various planes of existence.
26 Five-aggregate Planes. All the 24 conditions
occur in these planes. From the Single Enumeration
Chart 1 it will be seen that there is no condition which
does not occur in them.
4 Four-aggregate Planes. In these planes there is
mentality only. Therefore, only those conditions
which include mentality as both conditioning and
conditioned states occur in these planes. Since (!)
prenascence has only materiality as conditioning states,
(ii) postnascence has only materiality as conditioned
states and (iii) dissociation has only materiality either
as conditioning or conditioned states, these 3 condi-
tions are excluded and shown marked with a cross
against each of them in the Chart. So only 21 condi-
tions occur in these planes. In these cases the rela-
tions between mentality and mentality have to be
taken.
1 One-aggregate Plane. The plane where there is
only one aggregate, the material aggregate, is known
as the non-percipient plane of existence. The 7
conditions which occur in this plane are shown in
the Chart.
From the Single Enumeration Charts in C.R.,
which are drawn up from the conditioning and
conditioned states of the Investigation Chapter, it
will be seen why there are only 7 conditions.
It is to be noted that non-percipient beings’
1. They are the Charts given in the Intr. to C.R. The appro-
priate ones must be referred to when mention is made of
the groups, the conditions and the conditioning and
conditioned states of the conditions.
159
kamma- produced matter, which consists of the 3
material groups (vital nonad and so on), is one of
the 7 kinds of matter expounded in Patthana (Intr.
to C.R. p. xix). This kind of matter is dealt with
in the Commentary as conditioned states but not as
conditioning states.
As Conditioned States 7. The conditioned states
of: (a) the 4 Major conascence conditions include
the 7 kinds of matter and, therefore, non-percipient
beings’ kamma-produced matter (C.R. p. 152); (b)
mutuality condition includes the great primaries of
the 7 kinds of matter and, therefore, of non-percipient
beings’ kamma-produced matter (C.R. p. 154); (c)
strong and weak asynchronous kamma of kamma
condition includes kamma-produced matter (C.R.
pp. 168-9) where those at rebirth, during life and of
non-percipient beings have to be taken; (d) physical
life-faculty of faculty condition includes kamma-
produced matter (C.R. p. 171) where those of non-
percipient beings exclusive of physical life are part
of it. Of course, conascence - and base-prenascence-
faculty are not concerned. Thus there are 7 condi-
tions with this matter as conditioned states.
As Conditioning States 10. The conditioning states
of object, object -predominance, conascence, mutuality,
dependence, object-strong-dependence, object-prenas
cence, physical life-faculty, physical life-faeulty-pre-
sence and physical life-faculty-non-disappearance, i.e.
10 conditions, include non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced matter.
External Lifeless Matter. This consists of external
inanimate things, i.e. external temperature-produced
matter such as earth, trees, forests, mountains. The
5 conditions which occur in them are the 4 Major
conascence and mutuality. They were already dealt
with in “One State (in) Several Conditions”.
160
(xi) During Life and Rebirth
Here the conditions which occur during life and
at the moment of conception are considered. This
information, which needs to be known, can be ob-
tained from the 6 Chapters but not the Analytical
Exposition. The Commentary does not deal with
this.
During Life. All the 24 conditions occur during
life.
At the Moment of Conception. There are 20 condi-
tions which occur at the- moment of conception when
rebirth consciousness arises, i.e. they have relations
at the moment of conception. The 4 conditions
excluded and marked with a cross against each of
them in the Chart are: (!) predominance, whether
object -or conascence-predomi nance, because in the
6 Chapters it is stated that there is no “at the moment
of conception” in predominance; (ii) prenascence
because it occurs during life only; (iii) postnascence
because it does not occur at the moment of concep-
tion; (iv) repetition because it is concerned with im-
pulsions only.
(xii) Concept, Mentality, Materiality and
Nibbana
This was dealt with in the Commentary under
“State”. There the conditioning states of the condi-
tions were taken as part of mentality or of materia-
lity, as mentality (including both consciousnesses
and mental factors) and so on. So the conditions
with conditioning states that are only mentality (taken
as consciousnesses and mental factors or only mental
factors) or materiality, etc. should be specifically
known. These can be found from the Charts in
the Intr. to C.R.
F 11
161
Mentality. The 12 conditions shown in the Chart
have both consciousnesses and mental factors or
only mental factors as conditioning states.
Materiality. Prenascence is the one condition
which has only materiality as conditioning states.
Mentality ank Materiality. The 9 conditions shown
in the Chart have both mentality and materiality as
conditioning states.
Concept , Mentality and Materiality. The 2 condi-
tions shown in the Chart have these conditioning
states. (Concept is given in the Analytical Exposi-
tion.)
Nibbana. The 3 conditions, object, object-predo-
minance and object-strong-dependence, shown in the
Chart have Nibbana as conditioning state.
VI. EXPLANATION OF THE QUESTION
CHAPTER
The order of exposition of the Question Chapter —
which forms Chapter III of C.R. pp. 13-21 — was
given in the Intr. to C.R. p. xiv.
1. Dependent Chapter. The Chapter which em-
ploys the term “dependent” is known as Dependent
Chapter.
2. Conascent Chapter. The Chapter which em-
ploys the term “conascent” is known as Conascent
Chapter.
Except for the difference in the use of the terms,
the contents and meanings of the above 2 Chapters
are the same. The reasons for expounding them
separately have been given in the Intr. to C.R. p. xlii.
The conditioning and conditioned states of these 2
162
Chapters are materiality and mentality and are related
by conascence condition as pointed out in the Expla-
nation of the Analytical Exposition.
3. Conditioned Chapter. The Chapter which em-
ploys the term “condition” is known as Conditioned
Chapter.
4. Supported Chapter. The Chapter which em-
ploys the term “supported” is known as Supported
Chapter.
Here again, the only difference between the 2
Chapters is in the terms employed. The conditioning
and conditioned states of the 2 Chapters are materia-
lity and mentality and are related by dependence
condition of which there are 2 kinds: conascence-
dependence and base-prenascence-dependence .
5. Conjoined Chapter. The Chapter which em-
ploys the term “conjoined” is known as Conjoined
Chapter.
6. Associated Chapter. The Chapter which em-
ploys the term “associated” is known as Associated
Chapter.
Here also, the only difference between the 2
Chapters is in the terms employed. The conditioning
and conditioned states of the 2 Chapters are all
mentality and are related by association condition.
7. Investigation Chapter. In this seventh Chapter
the answers such as “Faultless state is related to fault-
less state by root condition. Faultless roots are
related to (their) associated aggregates by root condi-
tion” are clear and definite, leaving no room for
doubt. Here the questions are fully investigated and
this is why it is known as Investigation Chapter.
The conditioning and conditioned states of this
163
Chapter are also materiality and mentality. The
differences from the 6 Chapters above are given in
the Intr. to C.R. p. xlviii.
Questions of Patthana
In the Dependent Chapter of the 7 Chapters there
are two parts : (1) Outline — which consists of questions
and (2) Exposition — which consists of answers and
which will be dealt with later.
Outline
It is called outline because it briefly enquires whether,
depending on faultless state or faulty state, etc. there
arises faultless state or faulty state, etc. by root condi-
tion, etc. It is also known as Question Chapter or
Term Chapter.
Question Chapter. It is so-called because ques-
tions are asked about the arising of faultless state or
faulty state, etc. by root condition, etc. depending on
faultless state or faulty state, etc.
Term Chapter. It is so-called because it makes
known the states such as faultless, faulty, etc. that
may arise by conditions such as root, etc. depending
on states such as faultless, faulty, etc.
All the Possible Questions are Asked. In Depen-
dent Chapter, where conascence condition is dealt
with, a faulty state cannot arise dependent on a fault-
less state according to the nature of conascence.
Although this is not possible, the question about it
is asked. For the complete set of questions is ex-
pounded whether answers are possible or not. And
only when the answers are dealt with that the ques-
tions which provide answers are considered and the !
others are left unanswered.
24 DETAILED PA^THANA SECTIONS CHART
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The questions are given only for Dependent Chapter
of the Faultless Triplet for the 24 conditions which
are dealt with according to the four methods: posi-
tive, negative, positive-negative and negative-positive
conditions, and taken “By Ones” (Singly), “By Twos”,
etc. up to “By Twenty-four” wherever possible.
These suffice to serve as a model for the rest of the
7 Chapters of the Faultless Triplet Patthana as well
as for the rest of Patthana.
So, in order to be able to understand how the total
number of questions in Patthana are determined in
the Commentary and Subcommentary, it is necessary
to know (i) the numbers of detailed Patthana Sections
of the Triplet, Couplet and the rest of the 6 Patthanas
and (ii) the number of questions in each of those
Sections. The latter is obtained from the method of
exposition of the questions in each Section.
(i) Detailed Patthana Sections
Patthana consists of 24 Patthana Divisions made
up of 6 Patthanas each in each of the 4 Divisions:
Positive, Negative, Positive-Negative and Negative-
Positive (see Intr. to C.R. p. xiii). But when these
6 Patthanas in each Division are detailed, they con-
sist of the following Patthana Sections (see the
Detailed Patthana Sections Chart).
1. Triplet Patthana. This deals with each of the
22 Triplets starting with Faultless Triplet and ending
with the Triplet of States Both Visible and Impinging.
Therefore, there are 22 Triplet Patthana Sections.
165
2. Couplet Patthana 1 . This deals with each of
the 100 Couplets starting with the Couplet of States
which are Roots and ending with that of States which
are Causes of Lamentation. Therefore, there are 100
Couplet Patthana Sections.
3. Couplet-Triplet Patthana. This deals with each
Couplet as reference and each of the 3 sections of
the 22 Triplets, i.e. 66 triplet sections, as variants.
For example, with the first root Couplet as reference
and faultless state, the first section of the Faultless
Triplet, as variant, there is the first couplet-triplet
Patthana Section. So, with this couplet and each of
the 66 triplet sections as variants, there are 66 couplet-
triplet Patthana Sections. Similarly, with the second
Couplet of States associated with Roots as reference
and each of the 66 triplet sections as variants, there
are also 66 couplet-triplet Patthana Sections. There-
fore, for the 100 Couplets, there are 100 x 66 - 6,600
Couplet-Triplet Patthana Sections.
4 . Triplet-Couplet Patthana. This deals with each
Triplet as reference and each of the 2 sections of the
100 Couplets, i.e. 200 Couplet sections, as variants.
For example, with the Faultless Triplet, the first
triplet, as reference and State which is root (root
state for short), the first section of the first Couplet,
as variant, there is the first triplet-couplet Patthana
Section. So, with this Triplet and each of the 200
couplet sections as variants, there are 200 triplet-
couplet Patthana Sections. Therefore, for the 22
Triplets, there are 200 x 22 = 4,400 Triplet-Couplet
Patthana Sections.
5. Triplet-Triplet Patthana. This deals with each
Triplet as reference and each of the 3 sections of the
remaining 21 Triplets, i.e. 63 Triplet sections, as
1. For this and the other Palthanas see Intr. to C.R. p. lxxiii.
166
variants. For example, with the Faultless Triplet as
reference and state associated with pleasant feeling,
the first section of the next Triplet, as variant, there
is the first triplet-triplet Patthana Section. So, with
this triplet and each of the 63 triplet sections as
variants, there are 63 triplet-triplet Patthana Sections.
Therefore, for the 22 Triplets, there are 63 x 22 = 1,386
Triplet-Triplet Patthana Sections.
6. Couplet-Couplet Patthana. This deals with each
Couplet as reference and each of the 2 sections of
the remaining 99 Couplets, i.e. 198 Couplet sections,
as variants. For example, with the first root Couplet
as reference and state associated with root, the first
section of the next Couplet, there is the first couplet-
couplet Patthana Section. So, with this Couplet and
each of the 198 Couplet sections as variants, there
are 198 couplet-couplet Patthana Sections. Therefore,
for the 100 Couplets, there are 198 x 100 = 19,800
Patthana Sections.
For the 6 Patthanas in each Division there is a
total of 32,308 Patthana Sections as added up in the
Chart. Therefore, for the 24 Patthanas in the 4 Divi-
sions, the whole of Patthana, there is a grand total of
32,308 x 4 = 129,232 Patthana Sections.
(ii) Questions in Each Patthana Section
The method of exposition of the questions provided
for Dependent Chapter of the Faultless Triplet
Patthana Section in C.R. is not sufficient to find the
number of questions in the other Patthana Sections.
So, models of questions in each of the 24 Patthana
Divisions are provided below. The accompanying
Chart shows how the questions are arrived at.
167
I. Positive Method Division
1. Triplet Patthana
It will be seen from the Chart that there are
7 sections as references when the 3 sections of a triplet
are combined in all possible ways and that the same
7, as subsections, are the variants. The Commentary
states that when (i) the faultless, faulty and indeter-
minate sections are the references, the first questions
with each of them are always with the subsection of
the same kind as the variant, i.e. faultless and fault-
less, faulty and faulty, indeterminate and indeter
minate, and then the other subsections as the variants
are taken in serial order and (ii) faultless, indeter-
minate section and the rest are the references, the
questions with the subsections as variants are taken
in serial order (see C.R. P.13 f, items 25-31). There-
fore, the questions are asked in the following order:
(i) Faultless: 1-1, 1-2, 1-3, 1-4, 1-5, 1-6, 1-7
(numberings in the Chart).
(ii) Faulty: 2-2, 2-1, 2-3, 2-4, 2-5, 2-6, 2-7.
(iii) Indeterminate: 3-3, 3-1, 3-2, 3-4, 3-5, 3-6, 3-7.
(iv) Faultless, indeterminate: 4-1, 4-2, 4-3, 4^4’
4-5, 4-6, 4-7.
(v) , (vi), (vii) Faulty, indeterminate; Faultless, faulty;
Faultless, faulty, indeterminate follow the same order
as iv).
Since for each section as reference there are 7 ques-
tions, for the 7 sections there are 7 x 7 ■ 49 questions.
Thus, for one positive condition there is a set of 49
questions and for the 24 conditions taken singly, i.e.
“By Ones”, there are 49 x 24 = 1 176 questions. Then
there are questions where the conditions are taken
together as “By Twos”, “By Threes”, etc. up to “By
168
25 (a) MODEL OP PATFHANA QUESTIONS
1. TRIPLET PATTHANA
Section
Sub-section
1
Faultless
1
Faultless
2
Faulty
2 ,
Faulty
3
Indeterminate
3
Indeterminate
4
Faultless, indeterminate » (1 + 3)
4
Faultless, indeterminate
5
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5
Faulty, indeterminate
6
Faultless, faulty ■ (1 + 2)
6
Faultiest, faulty
7
Faultless, faulty,
indeterminate, ■ (1 ,2,+3)
7
Faultless, faulty, indeterminate
2, Couplet PaHhSna
1
Root
1
Root
2
Not-root
2
Not-root
3
Root, not-rool
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Root, not-root
3. Couplet-Triplet PatthSna
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Root-faultless, Not root-faultless
1
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i
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Faultless-root, faulty-root
Faultless-root, Faulty-root,
ittfetenninate-root
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
. Faultless-root
Faulty-root
Indeterminate-root
Faultless-root, indeterminate-root
Faulty-root, indeterminate-root
Faultless-root, faulty-root
Faultless-root, Faulty-root,
indeterminate-root
25 (b) MODEL OF PAJ^HANA QUESTIONS
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reduction of a set of 49 questions (details are given
later).
Similarly, there are the same number of questions
for the negative conditions. As for the positive-
negative and negative-positive conditions, where the
conditions are taken “By Twos” and so on, the
number of questions is the same as “By Twos”, etc.
for the positive and negative conditions. But since
this is for Dependent Chapter only, for the 7 Chapters
the total number of questions will be 7 times that of
Dependent Chapter. This total is that of the Fault-
less Triplet Patthana Section and, therefore, for the
22 Triplets, it will be 22 times that total. This pro-
duct is the grand total of questions of the Triplet
Patthana Sections of the Positive Method Division.
Feeling Triplet . The next Triplet after the Fault-
less Triplet is the Feeling Triplet which is taken as
an example to show how the questions with the
sections of the other triplets have to be taken.
(i) Dependent on state associated with pleasant
feeling, may there arise state associated with pleasant
feeling by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on state associated with pleasant
feeling, may there arise state associated with painful
feeling by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on state associated with pleasant
feeling, may there arise state associated with neither
painful nor pleasant feeling by root condition?
(iv) Dependent on state associated with pleasant
feeling, may there arise state associated with pleasant
feeling and state associated with neither painful nor
pleasant feeling by root condition? and so on similar
to the Faultless Triplet with the set of 49 questions.
169
The other questions are also asked in the same
way as the Faultless Triplet. This applies to all the
Triplet, Triplet-Couplet and Triplet-Triplet Patthana
Sections.
2. Couplet Patthana
First Couplet. This is the Root Couplet. The
Chart shows that there are 3 sections as references
and that the same 3, as subsections, are the variants.
The first questions with each of the 3 sections are
always with the subsection of the same kind as in
the case of the triplets. So the questions are:
(i) Dependent on root state (state which is root),
may there arise root state by root condition?
(1-1 in the Chart).
(ii) Dependent on root state, may there arise
not-root state (state which is not root) by root condi-
tion? (1-2 in the Chart).
(iii) Dependent on root state, may there arise root
and not-root states by root condition? (1-3 in the
Chart).
Similarly, for not-root state and also for root and
not-root states as references, the questions are in
the following order:
For not-root state: (iv), (v), (vi) are 2-2, 2-1, 2-3.
For root and not-root states: (vii), (viii), (ix) are
3-3, 3-1, 3-2.
So there is a set of 9 questions with a couplet for
one condition. The other questions for the conditions
“By Ones”, “By Twos” etc. are similar to the triplet.
This applies to all the Couplet, Couplet-Triplet
and Couplet-Couplet Patthana Sections.
170
It will be seen from the above that the Triplets and
Couplets, listed in the Matrix (Matika) of the
Dhammasanganl, are essential to Patthana because
they are treated according to the Patthana Method.
So one who desires to understand Patthana must
know the analytical units of the states in the sections
of the Triplets and Couplets in the Dhammasanganl.
They are also given in the Discourse on Elements
and explained in the Expositor.
3. Couplet-Triplet Patthana
First Couplet-Triplet. The 3 reference sections with
root couplet (the first couplet) and the faultless section
of the faultless triplet (the first triplet) are given in
the Chart. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on root-faultless state, may there
arise root-faultless state by root condition?
(Ii) Dependent on root-faultless state, may there
arise not root-faultless state by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on root-faultless state, may there
arise root-faultless and not root-faultless states by
root condition? and so on similar to the 9 questions
in the Couplet Patthana above.
Also there are questions with root-faulty and root-
indeterminate, i.e. root couplet with the other 2
sections of the faultless triplet, similar to root-fault-
less. Besides, there are questions with root couplet
and the sections of the remaining 21 triplets. This
applies to all the couplets.
Although the analytical units of the states in the
sections of the Couplet-Triplet and the rest of the 6
Patthanas, which are combinations of triplets and
couplets in all possible ways, are not given in Dhamma-
171
sangani, they can be obtained by combining those of
the triplet and couplet concerned as in the examples
given in the Intr. to C.R. p. lxxiif. For these units
must first be known in Patthana because, based on
them, the classified answers and the enumerations of
the answers for the 7 Chapters are determined,
4. Triplet-Couplet Patthana
First Triplet-Couplet. The 7 reference sections with
faultless triplet and the first section of the root couplet
are given in the Chart. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on faultless-root state, may there
arise faultless-root state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on faultless-root state, may there
arise faulty-root state by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on faultless-root state, may there
arise indeterminate-root state by root condition?
and so on similar to the 49 questions in the Triplet
Patthana.
Then there are questions with faultless - not-root
(not-root being the second section of the root couplet)
as reference. The sections are the reverse of those
of the couplet-triplet Patthana but have the same
analytical units. This is the case with the faultless
triplet but not with the others. Besides, there are
questions with the faultless triplet and the sections
of the remaining 99 couplets. This applies to all
the Triplets.
5. Triplet-Triplet Patthana
First Triplet-Triplet. The 7 reference sections with
the faultless triplet and the first section of the next
triplet are given in the Chart. The questions are:
172
(i) De pendent on faultless state associated with
pleasant feeling, may there arise faultless state asso-
ciated with pleasant feeling by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on faultless state associated with
pleasant feeling, may there arise faulty state
associated with pleasant feeling by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on faultless state associated with
pleasant feeling, may there arise indeterminate state
associated with pleasant feeling by root condition?
and so on similar to the 49 questions in the Triplet
Patthana.
Then there are questions with the faultless triplet
and the second section, i.e. faultless state associated
with painful feeling, and also the third section, i.e.
faultless state associated with neither painful nor
pleasant feeling, as references. Also, there are ques-
tions with the faultless triplet and each section of the
remaining 20 triplets. This applies to all the 22
Triplets.
6. Couplet-Couplet Patthana
First Couplet-Couplet. The 3 reference sections
with the root couplet and the first section of the next
couplet are given in the Chart. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on root state which has associated
root, may there arise root state which has associated
root by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on root state which has associated
root, may there arise not-root state which has
associated root by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on root state which has associated
root, may there arise root state which has associated
root and not-root state which has associated root
by root condition? and so on similar to the 9 ques-
tions in the Couplet Patthana.
173
Then there are questions with the root couplet
and the second section of the next couplet, i.e. root
state which has no associated root, as reference.
Besides, there are questions with root couplet and
each of the sections of the remaining 98 couplets.
This applies to all the Couplets.
II. Negative Method Division
In this Division the 6 Patthanas are taken in their
negative forms. So take the negative forms of the
states in the Chart.
7. Triplet Patthana
First Negative Triplet. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on not-faultless state, may there
arise not-faultless state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on not-faultless state, may there
arise not-faulty state by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on not-faultless state, may there
arise not-indeterminate state by root condition?
and so on similar to those given with the positive
triplet.
8. Couplet Patthana
First Negative Couplet. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on not-root state, may there arise
not-root state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on not-root state, may there arise
not not-root state by root condition?
174
(iii) Dependent on not-root state, may there arise
not-root and not not-root states by root condition?
and so on similar to those given with the positive
couplet.
9. Couplet-Triplet Patthana
First Negative Couplet-Triplet. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on not-root - not-faultless state,
may there arise not-root - not-faultless state by root
condition ?
(ii) Dependent on not-root - not-faultless state,
may there arise not not-root - not-faultless state by
root condition?
(iii) Dependent on not-root - not-faultless state,
may there arise not-root - not-faultless and not not-
root - not-faultless states by root condition? etc.
10. Triplet-Couplet Patthana
First Negative Triplet-Couplet. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on not-faultless - not-root state,
may there arise not-faultless - not-root state by root
condition ?
(ii) Dependent on not-faultless - not-root state,
may there arise not-faulty - not-root state by root
condition ?
(iii) Dependent on not-faultless - not-root state,
may there arise not-indeterminate - not-root state by
root condition ? etc.
175
il . Triplet-Triplet Patthana
First Negative Triplet-Triplet. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on not-faultless state not associated
with pleasant feeling, may there arise not-faultless
state not associated with pleasant feeling by root
condition ?
(ii) Dependent on not-faultless state not associated
with pleasant feeling, may there arise not-faulty state
not associated with pleasant feeling by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on not-faultless state not associated
with pleasant feeling, may there arise not-indeter-
minate state not associated with pleasant feeling by
root condition? etc.
12. Couplet-Couplet Patthana
First Negative Couplet-Couplet. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on not-root state which has no
associated root, may there arise not-root state which
has no associated root by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on not-root state which has no
associated root, may there arise not not-root state
which has no associated root by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on not-root state which has no
associated root, may there arise not-root state which
has no associated root and not not-root state which
has no associated root by root condition? etc.
III. Positive-Negative Method Division
Here the sections as references are positive and the
subsections as variants are negative. So, in the Chart,
take the same sections with the negative forms of the
subsections.
176
13. Triplet Patthcina
First Positive-Negative Triplet . The questions are:
(i) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise
not-faultless state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise
not- faulty state by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on faultless state, may there arise
not-indeterminate state by root condition? etc.
14. Couplet Patthcina
First Positive-Negative Couplet. The questions are:
(I) Dependent on root state, may there arise
not-root state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on root state, may there arise not
not-root state by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on root state, may there arise
not-root and not not-root states by root condition?
etc.
15. Couplet-Triplet Patthcina
First Positive-Negative Couplet-Triplet. The ques-
tions are:
(i) Dependent on root-faultless state, may there
arise not-root - not-faultless state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on root-faultless state, may there
arise not not-root - not-faultless state by root condi-
tion?
(iii) Dependent on root-faultless state, may there
arise not-root - not-faultless and not not-root - not-
faultless states by root condition? etc.
F. 12
177
16. Triplet-Couplet Putthdna
First Positive-Negative Triplet-Couplet. The ques-
tions are :
(i) Dependent on faultless-root state, may there
arise not-faultless - not-root state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on faultless-root state, may there
arise not-faulty - not-root state by root condition?
(lii) Dependent on faultless-root state, may there
arise not-indeterminate - not-root state by root condi-
tion ? etc.
17. Triplet-Triplet Pa Uliana
First Positive-Negative Triplet-Triplet. The ques-
tions are:
(i) Dependent on faultless state associated with
pleasant feeling, may there arise not-faultless state
not associated with pleasant feeling by root condi-
tion?
(ii) Dependent on faultless state associated with
pleasant feeling, may there arise not-faulty state not
associated with pleasant feeling by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on faultless state associated with
pleasant feeling, may there arise not-indeterminate
state not associated with pleasant feeling by root
condition? etc.
18. Couplet- Couplet Patthana
First Positive-Negative Couplet-Couplet. The ques-
tions are:
(i) Dependent on root state which has associated
root, may there arise not-root state which has no
associated root by root condition?
178
(ii) Dependent on root state which has associated
root, may there arise not not-root state which has
no associated root by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on root state which has associated
root, may there arise not-root state which has no
associated root and not not-root state which has no
associated root by root condition? etc.
IV. Negative-Positive Method Division
Here the sections as references are negative and
the subsections as variants are positive, i.e. the reverse
of the Positive-Negative Method Division. So, in
the Chart, take the negative forms of the sections
with the same subsections.
19. Triplet Patthdna
First Negative-Positive Triplet. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on not-faultless state, may there
arise faultless state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on not-faultless state, may there
arise faulty state by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on not-faultless state, may there
arise indeterminate state by root condition? etc.
20. Couplet Patthdna
First Negative-Positive Couplet. The questions are:
(i) Dependent on not-root state, may there arise
root state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on not-root state, may there arise
not-root state by root condition?
(iii) Dependent on not-root state, may there arise
root and not-root states by root condition? etc.
179
21. Couplet-Triplet Patthana
First Negative-Positive Couplet-Triplet. The ques-
tions are:
(i) Dependent on not-root - not-faultless state,
may there arise root-faultless state by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on not-root - not-faultless state,
may there arise not root-faultless state by root condi-
tion?
(iii) Dependent on not-root - not-faultless state,
may there arise root-faultless and not root-faultless
states by root condition? etc.
22. Triplet-Couplet Patthana
First Negative-Positive Triplet-Couplet. The ques-
tions are :
(i) Dependent on not-faultless - not-root state,
may there arise faultless-root state by root condition ?
(ii) Dependent on not-faultless - not-root state,
may there arise faulty-root state by root condition ?
(iii) Dependent on not-faultless - not-root state,
may there arise indeterminate-root state by root
condition ? etc.
23. Triplet-Triplet Patthana
First Negative-Positive Triplet-Triplet. The ques-
tions are:
(i) Dependent on not-faultless state not associated
with pleasant feeling, may there arise faultless state
associated with pleasant feeling by root condition?
180
(«) Dependent on not-faultless state not associated
with pleasant feeling, may there arise faulty state
associated with pleasant feeling by root condition?
(ili) Dependent on not-faultless state not associated
with pleasant feeling, may there arise indeterminate
state associated with pleasant feeling by root condi-
tion ? etc.
24 . Couplet-Couplet Patthana
First Negative-Positive Couplet-Couplet. The ques-
tions are:
(i) Dependent on not-root state which has no
associated root, may there arise root state which has
associated root by root condition?
(ii) Dependent on not-root state which has no
associated root, may there arise not root state which
has associated root by root condition?
(ill) Dependent on not-root state which has no
associated root, may there arise root state which has
associated root and not root state which has associated
root by root condition? etc.
The above models of questions, so briefly given,
show how the questions are asked in Patthana. It
must be borne in mind, however, that questions are
asked for all the positive, negative, positive-negative
and negative-positive conditions taken by “By Ones”,
“By Twos”, etc. as in the case of the questions for
Dependent Chapter given in C.R.1. Besides, similar
questions are asked for the rest of the 7 Chapters
where the wordings are different depending on the
Chapter under consideration. These are the questions
for each Patthana Section of each of the 24 Patthana
Divisions. From this it will be gathered that there
are numerous questions. But although these questions
181
for the Patthana Division and the Chapter are not
given they can be known by applying the simple
methods given above. Also, by studying the
Patthana Text the nature of the questions, as outlined
above, will be observed.
Determination of the Number of Questions
The Commentary states that The Buddha ex-
pounded all the Patthana questions* to His audience
of Devas and Brahmas. According to the method
of the Commentary there is a total of 404,948,533,248
questions and that of the Subcommentary, 388,778,
713,344 questions. If a person were capable of
reciting 100,000 questions a day, he would take over
10,000 years to complete the recitation.
The Method of the Commentary
A summary of the method of the Commentary is
provided in the Chart.
Triplet Patthana
By Ones. Tn the model of questions for the fault-
less triplet, there are 7 sections as references — fault-
less, faulty, indeterminate, etc. — and the same 7,
as subsections, taken as variants. With the faultless
section, the first of the 7 sections, as reference and
the 7 subsections there are 7 questions and for the
7 sections, each as reference, there are 7 x 7 = 49 ques-
tions. This set of 49 questions for the faultless triplet
is for root condition only and, therefore, for the 24
conditions there are 49 x 24=1,176 questions. This
calculation is given in verse in the Commentary.
1. Tathagatena hi sabbarh pet am pabhedarh dassetvdva devapa-
risaya dhammo desito (p. 406).
182
By Twos to By Twenty-four. For “By Twos” the
reference condition is taken together with each of the
remaining 23 conditions. Here there are 23 items,
each item having a set of 49 questions as in the case
of “By Ones”. Thus there are 49x23=1,127 ques-
tions. For “By Threes”, where 2 conditions as re-
ference are taken together with each of the remaining
22 conditions, there are 22 items and, therefore,
49x22=1,078 questions. Thus there is a reduction
of a set of 49 questions. Similarly, in the cases of
“By Fours” etc. there is a constant reduction of 49
questions. So for 1 condition taken “By Twos” up
to “By Twenty-four”, there are 49 (23 + 22 + 21 +20 +
19 + 18 + 17 + 16 + 15 + 14+13+12+11 + 10 + 9 + 8 +
7 + 6 + 5 + 4 + 3+2 + 1 ) = 49 x 276=13,524 questions.
This is how the calculation is made in the Chart.
But the Commentary (pp. 397f) gives each in verse as:
By Twos=49 x 23=1,127; By Thr ees= 49 x 22=1,078;
By Fours=49 x 21=1,029 and so on up to By Twenty-
four=49 x 1=49.
Then, as in the Chart :
(a) By adding all the questions for root condition
taken “By Ones”, “By Twos”, etc. up to “By Twenty-
four”, there are 1,176* + 13,524=14,700 questions.
(b) For the 24 positive conditions of the Faultless
Triplet there are 14,700 x 24=352,800! questions.
(c) For the 22 Triplets there are 352,800 x 22=
7,761,600 questions.
1. 1,176 taken here is for 24 conditions and not for root con-
dition alone which has only 49 questions for “By Ones”.
So, for the 24 positive conditions of (b) it should be 1,176 +
13,524 x 24=325,752 as taken in Subcommentary. This
mistake is made in the Commentary in both the positive
and negative conditions for “By Ones” and accounts for
the totals being higher than those in the Subcommentary
for Triplet, Triplet-Couplet and Triplet-Triplet Patpianas.
183
26 (a) NUMBER OF QUESTIONS "COMMENTARY
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1 Root couplet
99 couplets
100 couplets
The Commentary gives details in verses up to this
for the Triplet Patthana and condenses the rest. But
based on the method given, the number of questions
for the rest can be determined as shown in the Chart.
It will be observed that the total so far obtained
is only for the positive conditions of the Dependent
Chapt er . Theref ore :
For the Positive Conditions of the 7 Chapters, there
are 7,761,600 x 7=54,331,200 questions;
For the Negative Conditions of the 7 Chapters also,
there are 7,761,600 x 7=54,331,200 questions.
For the Positive-Negative and Negative-Positive
conditions, the “By Ones” are excluded from the
above and only those of “By Twos” up to “By
Twenty-four” are taken. So:
(a) By adding all the questions for root condition
taken “By Twos” up to “By Twenty-four”, there
are, as shown above, 13,524 questions.
(b) For the 24 conditions of the Faultless Triplet
there are 13,524 x 24=324,576 questions.
(c) For the 22 Triplets there are 324, 576 x 22=
7,140,672 questions, the total for Dependent Chapter.
Therefore:
For the Positive-Negative Conditions of the 1 Chapters
there are 7,140,672 x 7=49,984,704 questions;
For the Negative-Positive Conditions of the 1 Chapters
also, there are 7,140,672 x 7=49,984,704 questions.
Thus for the Triplet Patthana of the Positive
Method Division, which consists of :
1. Positive Conditions = 54,331,200 questions
2. Negative Conditions = 54,331,200 questions
3. Positive-Negative Conditions = 49,984,704 questions
4. Negative-Positive Conditions = 49,984,704 questions
there is a total of 208,631,808 questions.
184
Couplet Patthana
By Ones. In the model of questions for root coup-
let of the Couplet Patthana there are 3 sections as
references and the same 3, as subsections, taken as
variants. For one section, therefore, there are 3
questions and for the 3 sections there are 3 x 3=9
questions. This set of 9 questions for the root couplet of
the Couplet Patthana is for 1 condition only and so,
for the 24 conditions, there are 9x24=216! questions.
By Twos to By Twenty-four. Here “By Twos”,
“By Threes”, “By Fours”, etc. have respectively 23,
22, 21, etc. items and there is a constant reduction
of a set of 9 questions. So for one condition taken
“By Twos” to “By Twenty-four” there are 9 (23 + 22
+ 21... + 2 + 1) = 9 x 276=2,484 questions.
(a) By adding all the questions for one condition
taken “By Ones”, “By Twos”, etc. up to “By Twenty-
four 5 ', there are 21 6 1 + 2,484=2,700 questions.
(b) For the 24 conditions of one couplet there are
2,700 x 24=64,800 questions.
(c) For the 100 couplets of the Couplet Patthana there
are 64,800 x 100=6,480,000 questions.
The Commentary does not proceed further but the
method given can be applied to work out the numbers
of questions for the other Patthanas as done in the
Chart,
The Method of the Subcommentary
Sufficient explanation was given for the Chart which
was drawn up according to the method of the Com-
1. 216 taken here is for the 24 conditions and not for one con-
dition alone which has only 9 questions for “By Ones”.
So, for the 24 conditions of (b) it should be 216 + 2,484 x 24
= 59,832 questions as taken in the Subcommentary. This
accounts for the totals being higher in the Commentary
for Couplet, Couplet-Triplet and Couplet-Couplet Patthanas.
mentary and, therefore, the Chart drawn up according
to the method of the Subcommentary will be readily
understood.
Differences in the Methods of Calculating the Number
of Questions. As pointed out in footnotes the
Commentator had taken the questions for the 24
conditions in “By Ones” and multiplied them, again
by 24. That is why the total number of questions is
higher than that in the S ubco mment ary.
The Method. The method of calculating the num-
ber of questions in the Subcommentary is given in
verses. As the Pali verses are somewhat difficult,
they are translated below for information and for
comparison with the Chart.
1. Kusaladi ekakattaya-ma thdd i antena majjhi-
/ man ten a
ddi ca majjhena duka-tayo tikeko ca vihheyyo.
The 3 sections : faultless, faulty and indeterminate,
being known, the last section (i.e. indeterminate) is
combined with the first section (i.e. faultless) to give
faultless, indeterminate; the last section (i.e. indeter-
minate) is combined with the middle section
(i.e. faulty) to give faulty, indeterminate; the middle
section (i.e. faulty) is combined with the first section
(i.e. faultless) to give faultless, faulty; and the 3
sections are combined to give faultless, faulty, indeter-
minate. It has to be known that this is to be done
for (each of the 3 sections of) a triplet (as in this case
which are faultless, faulty and indeterminate states
of the faultless triplet). Thus there are 7 questions
for the faultless. (This was already shown in the
method of exposition of the questions.)
From now on only the calculations of the numbers
of questions from the verses will be given (and which
are shown in the Chart).
Triplet Patthana
2. Te sve kekam mulaih katva-tam satta sattaka
pucchd
ekeka paccaye yatha-bhavanti ekunapamdsa.
7 x 7=49 (“By Ones” for one condition).
3. Chasattatadhika satam-sahassa mekam ca
suddhike pucchd
esa ca nayonulome-paccamye cati nannattha .
49 x 24=1,176. For Positive and Negative Con-
ditions, not for Positive-Negative and Negative-
Positive Conditions (“By Ones” for 24 condi-
tions).
4. Rasigunitassa rasissaddham-saha rasikassa pindo
so
rdsissa va sahekassaddham-puna rasina gimitam.
23 + 22 + 21 + 20 + 19 + 18 +17 + 16 +15 + 14 +
13 + 12 + 11 + 10 + 9 + 8 + 7+6 + 5 + 4 + 3 +
2 + 1 (Items for “By Twos” to “By Twenty-
four”).
5. Iti hetumulakaduka-tikadayo chacca sat tad
satadve
catimsatettha puccha-addhuddha sahassa nahutam
ca.
276; 49 x 276 = 13,524 (“By Twos” to “By
Twenty-four” for 1 condition).
6. Tdsam yasma suddhika-nayo na pacceka paccaye
tasma
catunsati ' gunitanam-sasuudhikdnam ayam ganana.
7. Lakkhattayam dvinahutam-panca sahassani satta
ca satdni
dvdpahhdsd etd-anulome pindita pucchd.
187
13,524 x 24=324,576 + 1,176=325,752 (“By
Ones” to “By Twenty-four” for 24 conditions,
positive or negative).
8. Anuloma sadisa ganand-bhavanti pucchd naye ca
pciccamye
hapetva pcina sese-nayadvaye suddhike laddha •
325,752- 1,176=324,576 (“By Twos” to “By
Twenty-four” for 1 condition, either positive-
negative or negative-positive).
9. Chappanhdsa bhavanti puccha-chasa tasah i ta m ca
lakkha t eras aka m
pucchd nayesu ganitd-paticcavdre catusva pi .
(325,752 x 2) + (324,576 x 2) = 1,300,656 (total
for 1 Chapter).
10. Sattahi guhita kusalattike dvayam-navutim ccva
pahcasatd
cattari sahassani ca-tatheka navute ca lakkhakd.
1,300,656 x 7=9,104,592 (total for 7 Chapters).
11. Td dvavisati gimitd-tikesu sabbesu visati ca koti
lakkhattayam sahassam-catimsati cdpi vihneyyd.
9,104,592 x 22=200,301,024 (total for 22 triplets).
Couplet Patthdna
12. Ekaka paccaye pana-nava nava katvd sasolassa
dvi satam; lietuduka pathama v are-pa thamanaye
suddhike pucchd.
3x3=9; 9x24=216 (“By Ones” for 24 conditions).
13. Hetddi muiaka naye-svekekasmim dukddibhe-
dayute-caturas iti ca tusa tasah i ta m sahas sad vaya m
pucchd.
9x 276= 2,484 (“By Twos” to “By Twenty-four”
for 1 condition).
14. Ta catuvisati gitni ta-sasuddhik d ettha honti
anulome - dvattimsattha satadhika-sahassanava-
kaddha lakkhakd.
2,484x24= 59,616 + 216 - 59,832 (“By Ones” to
“By Twenty-four” for 24 conditions, positive or
negative).
15. Evam paccamye dvesuddhika valuta catusvato
honti - channavutattha satattha-timsasahassa dvi
lakkhakdni.
59,832-216=59,616; (59,832 x 2) + (59,616 x 2) =
238,896 (total for 1 Chapter).
16. Ta pana satta guna dv e-sat tatisata dvayam
sahassdni-dvd sattati honti tato-solasa lakkhani
hetuduke.
238,896 x 7=1,672,272 (total for 7 Chapters).
17. Td satagund dukasate-sata dvayam sattavlsati
sahassa-dvasattati lakkhani ca-solasa koti tato
pace ha.
1,672,272 x 100 = 167,227,200 (total for 100
couplets).
Couplet-Triplet Patthana
18. Diikatikapatthdne tika-pakkhepo hoti ekameka
duke-tassa chasatthi gunena te-chasatthisatam
dukd honti .
100 x 66 = 6,600 (the Chart shows why this is
done).
19. Hetudaka laddha puccha-gunita tehi ca honti
tikapadameva-dukapatthane pucchd-tasam garland
av a m hey yd .
1*672,272 x 6,600
20. Dvapahhasa satdni ca-naveva naliutdni nava ca
satthim ca-lakkhani tihi sahitam-satam sahassam
ca kotinam— 11,036,995,200
Triplet-Couplet Patthdna
21. Tikadukapatthane tika-mekekam dvisata bhe-
danam katva-dvavisa dvisataguna-neyya kusalattke
laddha.
200 x 22 = 4,400
22. Puccha atthasatadhika - catusahassa dvilakkha
• •
yuttdnam - kotinam chakkamatho - kotisahassani
cattari.
9,104,592 x 4,400 = 40,060,204,800
Triplet-Triplet Patthdna
23. Tikatikapatthdne - tesatthividhckeka bhedana tu
tika - tehi ca gunita kusalattika puccha pi honti
puccha td.
63 x 22 = 1,386
24. Dvadasa pancasata catu-satthi sahassdni navuti
cekuna - lakkhanameka satthi - dxadasasatakotiyo
ceva.
9,104,592 x 1,386=12,618,964,512
Couplet-Couplet Patthdna
25. Dvayahina dvayasatagu.no - ekeko dukaduke tehi
hetuduke laddha - sanchya - bhedhi ca vaddhita
puccha.
198 x 100 = 19,800
26. Chasatayutani pahca-sitisahassani lakka navakam
ca - ekddasa pi koti - puna koti saiani tettimsa.
1,672,272 x 19,800=33,1 10,985,600
6 Positive Patthdna Divisions
27. Sampindita tu puccha - anulome chabbhidhe pi
patthdne - chattimsatisatasahassa - tthakayuta
saiianahutani.
28. Lakkhani chacca catta - liseva navdtha kotiyo
dasa ca - sattakoti satehi ca - koti sahassdni
nava honti.
190
200,301,024 + 167,227,200 + 11,036,995,200 +
40,060,204,800 + 12,618,964,512 + 33,110,985,600-
97,194,678,336.
24 Patthana Divisions
29. Td catu gunita puccha-catuppabhede samanta
pa tthane-ca tuca ttxVisa sa tattayam-sahassaniterasa ca
30. Sattasiti ca lakkhdnam-kotlnam ca sattasattatiyo
hontittha satdnittha-timsa satasahassani iti ganand.
97,194,678,336 x 4-388,778,713,344.
On casual reflection one is most likely to get disgusted
with these numerous and complicated questions. But
for one who desires to understand the whole of Patthana,
these questions will be found to be very systematic
and useful. For when one wants to know how many
answers there are in a particular Patthana, the ques-
tions in the Chapter concerned have to be examined.
Then the method of examining the questions to get
the number of answers has to be found from the
relevant answer chapter.
VII. PRELIMINARIES TO THE 6 CHAPTERS
Before dealing with the answers - which form
Chapter IV of C. R.l - preliminary explanations with
regard to the first 6 Chapters of the Faultless Triplet
need to be given so that the reader will be able to
follow the explanations of the methods for finding
the answers in these Chapters. First of all, explana-
tions will be given about (i) how the conditioning
and conditioned states (single enumerations 1 for short)
1. Single Enumeration means the number of answers for each
condition, i.e. when the single condition is taken. In order
to obtain the enumeration of a condition the conditioning
and conditioned states of that condition must be known.
But in order to avoid mentioning these states every time
the abbreviation “single enumeration” is used. It denotes
the conditioning and conditioned states of a condition in
the Chapter concerned.
191
of the Positive conditions in the 6 Chapters are
obtained and then (ii) how, based on them, the answers
in the Classification Chapters and the enumerations in
the Enumeration Chapters are obtained. The final
Chapter, Investigation Chapter, is not dealt with as
it requires a separate volume of its own.
(i) Single Enumerations of the Positive Conditions
in the 6 Chapters
The numbers of answers for the Positive conditions
in the 6 Chapters are first given with the conditions
taken “By Ones” or “Singly”. That is why this is
known as Single Enumerations. Therefore the method
of determining these Single Enumerations must be
known. And in order to arrive at these enumera-
tions it is essential to know the appropriate condi-
tioning and conditioned states of each of the condi-
tions from which the enumerations are obtained.
In the 6 Chapters the conditioned states of the
conditions are given prominence (Subcomy. p. 222).
So it will first be shown from where the conditioned
states are obtained and then how the corresponding
conditioning states are derived from them. Some
idea about this was given in the Intr. to C.R.l. pp.
xix-xxviii where the conditioning and conditioned
states of root and object conditions were found. Here
all the positive conditions of the 6 Chapters will be
dealt with.
In the Intr. to C.R.l(p. xlvii) and at different places
in this Guide it was pointed out that the conditioning
and conditioned states of conascence condition are
dealt with in the Dependent and Con ascent Chapters ;
those of dependence condition in the Conditioend
and Supported Chapters ; those of association condi-
tion in the Conjoined and Associated Chapters.
192
Therefore, the conditioning and conditioned states
of these 3 conditions and the conditioned states of
all the conditions— which are given in the Analytical
Exposition of the Conditions and the Investigation
Chapter— have to be known. For only then will it
be understood how the corresponding conditioning
states are derived from the conditioned states of each
of the conditions taken as the bases.
The conditioning and conditioned states of the 3
conditions, conascence, dependence and association,
are given below.
Conascence Condi Hon
Conditioning States
Conditioned States
(1) 89 cons.,i 52 m. f. which
are 4 m. agg. during life
and at the moment of
conception;
(2) (i) Mind-produced gr. pr.,
(ii) Rebirth kamma-produced
gr. pr.,
(iii) External gr. pr.,
(iv) Nutriment-produced gr.
pr.,
(v) Temperature-produced gr.
pr.,
(vi) Non-percipient beings’
kamma-produced gr. pr.,
(vii) During life kamma-pro-
duced gr. pr.;
(3) Heart-base at the moment
of conception.
Mind-produced matter (i.e. gr.
pr. & der. mat ),
Rebirth kanuua - produced
matter,
External matter,
Nutriment-produced matter,
Temperature-produced- matter.
Non-percipient beings’ kamma-
produced matter,
During life kamma-produced
matter.
1. Abbreviations: CS = Conditioning States; CdS = Conditioned
States; cons. = consciousness or consciousnesses; m. f. =
mental factors; m. agg. = mental aggregates; gr. pr. =
great primaries; der. mat. = derived matter
F. 13
193
is (a) CHART OF THH SINGLE BNU.vIB RATIONS OF TME POSIT! VB
CONDITIONS FOR 6 CHAPTERS ( CSEP 6 )
( 1 ) 89
28 (b) Chart of the Single Enumeration of
the Positive Conditions ( CSEP 6 ) for 6 Chapters
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28 ( c ) Chart of the Slagle Enumeration of
the Positive Conditions ( CSEP 6 ) for 6 Chapters
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(continued next page)
Dependence Condition 1
In addition to the 3 items of conascence condi-
tion given above, there is the following item:
Conditioning States
(CS)
Conditioned States
(CdS)
(4) Eye-base, ear-base, nose-base,
tongue-base, body-base and
(heart-) base.
85 cons, exclusive of 4 imma-
terial resultant cons., 52 m. f.
which are 4 m. agg. during life.
The 6 bases in (4) above can be broken down into
5 bases and heart-base as follows :
CS
CdS
(4) (a) Eye-base, ear-base, nose-
base, tongue-base, body-
base,
(b) (Heart-) base
2 eye-cons., 2 ear-cons., 2 nose-
cons., 2 tongue-cons., 2 body-
cons. ,7 m.f. which are 4 m. agg.,
3 mind- element, 72 mind-cons,
element, 52 m. f. which are
4 m. agg.
Items (1), (2) and (3) of conascence condition are
dealt with in the Dependent and Co nascent Chapters ;
Items (1), (2), (3) and (4) of dependence condition
are dealt with in the Conditioned and Supported
Chapters ;
Item (1) of conascence condition, which is also
association condition, is dealt with in the Conjoined
and Associated Chapters.
Before going on to deal with the conditioned states
of root condition and the rest, it is well to consider
why only the 3 conditions are expounded in the 6
Chapters instead of the object group of conditions
and so on as in the Investigation Chapter.
1. See Intr. to C.It. 1, p. xliii
194
Question. Why is it that tile relations between the
conditioning and conditioned states of (1) conascence
condition are expounded in the Dependent and
Conascent Chapters, (2) dependence condition in the
Conditioned and Supported Chapters and (3) associa-
tion condition in the Conjoined and Associated
Chapters ?
Answer. Neither the Commentary nor the Sub-
commentary offers an explanation. But the Com-
mentary, in dealing with the reason for the exclusion
of postnascence condition from the Positive condi-
tions in these Chapters, states that in this condition
there is no relation between the faultless and faulty
states and where there is with the indeterminate states,
it is by the force of support and not production. So
there is no state which “arises by postnascence condi-
tion”. Thus there can be no answer for this condi-
tion. 1
When the remarks of the Commentary are con-
sidered, it will be seen that the 3 basic conditions
which are expounded in the 6 Chapters must have
the force of production and be of the present. And
of the 23 conditions with the force of production,
it was learnt from the Miscellaneous Decisions Chart
that (a) the 7 conditions of the proximity-strong-
dependence group— which includes proximity-strong-
dependence and proximity-kamma — are of the past
ana (b) object, object-predominance and object-strong-
dependence conditions are of 3 periods, past, present
and future. So the conditions that need to be
considered are: root, conascence-predominance,
1. Pacchajdto kusalakusaldnam paccayo na hoti. Abydkatassa
pi upatthambhakova na janako. Tasma “ uppajjati pacchd
jata paccaya ” ti. Evam mttabba ekadhamma pi natthiti
pacchdjata paccaya vasena vissajjanam na katam.
195
conascence, mutuality, dependence, prenascence, coM-
scence-kamma, resultant, nutriment, faculty, jhana,
path, association, dissociation, presence and non-
disappearance. Of these:
(i) the 7 Minor conascence conditions, root, cona-
scence-predominance, etc. have conditioning states
which are 6 roots, etc. that are classified under the
formation aggregate or both the formation and con-
sciousness aggregates but not under all the 4 mental
aggregates. But all the 4 mental aggregates are ex-
pounded in the 6 Chapters and, therefore, none of
these 7 conditions can be taken as basic conditions
in these Chapters;
(ii) mutuality condition has 89 consciousnesses, 52
mental factors (i.e. 4 mental aggregates), 4 great pri-
maries and heart-base as both conditioning and condi-
tioned states. But mind-produced matter and the
other kinds of matter are not included as conditioned
states. So, if it were expounded it would not include
the conditioned states of root condition and others
which have such matter as conditioned states. There-
fore, mutuality condition cannot be expounded as a
basic condition in any of the 6 Chapters;
(iii) prenascence condition has only materiality as
conditioning states and, therefore, it is out of the
question;
(tv) resultant condition has only the 4 resultant mental
aggregates but not the rest of the mental aggregates.
So it cannot be expounded as it does not contain all
the conditioning and conditioned states of the other
22 conditions;
(v) dissociation condition has mentality only as con-
ditioning states and materiality only as conditioned
states and vice versa. So it cannot be expounded as
196
it does not contain all the conditioning and condi-
tioned states of the other 22 conditions.
From the above it will be seen that the conditions
expounded in the 6 Chapters must contain the condi-
tioning and conditioned states of the other 22 condi-
tions in those Chapters. And of the remaining condi-
tions still to be considered, (1) conascence condition
contains all of them when it is dealt with in the Depen-
dent and Conascent Chapters; (2) dependence condi-
tion, which consists of conascence-dependence (the
same as conascence) and base-prenascence-dependence
conditions, contains all of them when it is dealt with
in the Conditioned and Supported Chapters; (3) asso-
ciation condition, which is conascence condition with
all materiality excluded, contains all the mental states
of the other 22 conditions when it is dealt with in
the Conjoined and Associated Chapters. So these are
the only 3 basic conditions that can be expounded
in the 6 Chapters. Actually it is conascence condi-
tion with base-prenascence condition included in
dependence condition and all materiality excluded in
association condition. As for the remaining 2, pres-
ence and non-disappearance conditions, they are the
same as conascence and dependence — the 4 Major
conascence — but there are no chapters corresponding
with such terms.
It will now be shown how the conditioning and
conditioned states of root condition and the rest in
the 6 Chapters are obtained. The conditioned states
— from which the conditioning states are obtained —
are taken from the Analytical Exposition of the Condi-
tions already dealt with. In certain cases such as
resultant condition, the conditioned states will be
taken from the Investigation Chapter as they are not
given in detail in the Analytical Exposition.
197
Root Condition
Refer to the Chart of the Analytical Exposition of
Conditions or the Chart of the Single Enumerations
of the Conditions (given in the Explanation of the
Single Enumerations) for t|ie conditioned states and
to the Tables above of conascence and dependence
conditions to get the corresponding conditioning
states for the Chapter concerned.
Conditioned States. As given for root condition in
the Chart of the Analytical Exposition (AEC for
short). The reason why delusion is excluded from 2
delusion-rooted consciousness is that these conscious-
nesses are one-rooted and so the delusion in them is
not associated with another root. For, according to
root condition, the conditioned state must be a state
associated with a root. As for greed-rooted and
hate-rooted consciousnesses, they are two-rooted and
so the delusion in them, being associated with another
root, can be a conditioned state. Only the 2 kinds
of matter, as given in AEC, are taken because external
matter and the other kinds of matter do not arise
with rooted mentality.
Conditioning States. These are the states which are
conascent with the above conditioned states.
They are:
Mentality. In accordance with item (1) of the
Table of conascence condition above, since rooted
consciousnesses are the conditioned states, rooted
consciousnesses must be the conditioning states.
There is no need to exclude delusion here for the
states required as conditioning states arc those which
are conascent with the conditioned states and 2
delusion-rooted consciousnesses, as conditioned states,
198
are conascent with delusion. So the conditioning
states which occur (a) during life are all the rooted
mentality, i.e. 71 rooted consciousnesses and 52 mental
factors, and (b) at the moment of conception are
rooted rebirth mentality, i.e. 17 rooted rebirth (resul-
tant) consciousnesses and 35 mental factors.
Materiality. In accordance with item (2) of the
Table of cona sconce condition above, the conditioning
states which are conascent with the 2 kinds of matter,
the conditioned states, are their great primaries.
Base. Since twice fivefold consciousnesses are not
the conditioned stales of root condition, the 5 bases
are not taken as conditioning states. So heart-base
alone of the 6 bases is the conditioning state.
In Dependent Chapter 1 heart-base is taken for
“at the moment of conception” (when heart-base and
rooted rebirth mentality are mutually related) but in
Conditioned Chapter for both “during life” and
“at the moment of conception” (because here heart-
base is related to all the rooted mentality, the condi-
tioned mental states). So Conditioned Chapter has
not only all the conditioning and conditioned states
as in Dependent Chapter but also heart-base for
“during life” as the conditioning state. As for Con-
joined Chapter, where only mental states are involved,
only the rooted consciousnesses of item (1) of the Table
of conascence condition are the conditioning and
conditioned states as all materiality including the
heart-base are excluded.
1. This also applies to Conascent Chapter with which it is
the same. Similarly, in the case of Conditioned Chapter,
Supported Chapter also applies and in the case of Con-
joined Chapter, Associated Chapter also applies. So if
only one Chapter is mentioned, it must be understood that
it applies to the other Chapter with which it is the same.
199
Note. (I) The conditioning and conditioned states
of the Positive conditions in all the 6 Chapters, which
are being determined here, can be found in the Chart
of the Single Enumerations of the Positive Conditions
in the 6 Chapters given further on. Those for a parti-
cular Chapter must be chosen from the Chart because
it will be noted from the example of root condition
above that there are differences depending on the
Chapter.
(2) When consciousness and mental factors are either
conditioning or conditioned states they are also taken
as the 4 mental aggregates. Only when rebirth con-
sciousness is included in them there is “at the moment
of conception”. Otherwise the consciousness and
mental factors are always for “during life”.
(3) When there is no need to explain about the con-
ditioned states, only the conditioning states will be
considered.
Object , etc.
Conditioned States. From the Analytical Exposi-
tion (refer to AEC) it will be seen that the conditioned
states cf object, proximity, contiguity, strong-depen-
dence, association, absence and disappearance condi-
tions are 89 consciousnesses and 52 mental factors,
i.e. all the mental states. This is why these conditions
are taken together in the Chart of the Single Enume-
rations of the Positive Conditions in the 6 Chapters
(CSEP6).
Conditioning States. The conditioning states which
are cona scent with the above 89 consciousnesses and
52 mental factors are also the same states. As in the
case of root condition, heart-base is taken as the
conditioning state for “at the moment of conception”
in Dependent and Conditioned Chapters.
200
As twice fivefold consciousnesses are here included
as conditioned states, the 5 bases are taken as the
conditioning states and with heart-base as conditioning
state for “during life”, (6 bases) during life have to
be taken. This is why in Conditioned Chapter (see
CSEP 6) heart-base (6 bases) are also the conditioning
states, heart -base being for “at the moment of con-
ception” and (6 bases) for “during life”.
In Conjoined Chapter only the mental states given
above are the conditioning and conditioned states.
Since this is always the case, there is no need to
consider the conditioning states of the other conditions
in this particular Chapter. For it is very simple
because the conditioning states are the same mental
states as the conditioned states in Dependent Chapter.
Predominance
Conditioned States. From the AEC it will be seen
that, of the 2 kinds, the conditioned states of (a) object-
predominance are 28 consiousnesses and (b)
conascence-predominance are 52 predominant impul-
sions. Since those of (a) are included in (b), the condi-
tioned states of predominance condition are 52 predo-
minant impulsions. As for the mental factors, the
four predominant realities, desire, effort, 'etc. are
excluded from the conditioned states when they are
conditioning states of predominance condition. Also,
doubt-accompanied delusion-rooted consciousness is
not a predominant impulsion and, therefore, doubt
is also excluded. That is why with the 52 predomi-
nant impulsions, 51 mental factors are taken as condi-
tioned states. The matter as conditioned state is
specifically mentioned as predominant mind-produced
matter because it is that which arises together with
predominant impulsions.
201
Conditioning States. Mentality. “When predomi-
nance condition is obtained” is meant for the sensuous
impulsions because they do not always function as
predominance and, therefore, they have to be taken
only when they do so. As for the lofty and supra-
mundane impulsions they always function as pre-
dominance. So when these conditioning states are
analysed this distinction has to be made.
Materiality. The great primaries are always the
conditioning states of the matter that is the condi-
tioned state and they have to be taken for each kind
of matter. This is simple and explanations will be
given only when necessary. Heart-base is a condi-
tioning state for the predominant impulsions that
take place during life only and so it is meant for
Conditioned Chapter but not Dependent Chapter.
Conascence , Dependence , Presence and
Non-disappearance
The conditioning and conditio ned. states of these
conditions were given in the Explanation of the Single
Enumerations. They are taken together in the CSEP6
because they have the same conditioning and condi-
tioned states.
Mutuality
Conditioned States. In the AEG the conditioned
states of mutuality condition are given as (I) 4 mental
aggregates which are 89 consciousnesses and 52 mental
factors, (2) 4 great primaries and (3) rebirth mental
aggregates at the moment of conception, which are
15 rebirth consciousnesses and 35 mental factors,
and heart-base in the five-aggregate planes. Taking
them together they are 89 consciousnesses, 52 mental
factors, 4 great primaries and heart-base. The 4
great primaries, when expanded, are those of each
of the 7 kinds of matter.
Conditioning States. In accordance with the nature
of mutuality the conditioning states are the same as
the conditioned states. Heart-base (6 bases) are
taken as conditioning states for the same reasons
given in object condition. In such cases explanations
will not be given about these bases but only in special
cases.
Dependence
Of the 2 kinds: (a) conascence-dependence is the
same as conascence condition which is dealt with in
Dependent Chapter and (b) prenascence-dependence
is dealt with in Conditioned Chapter and so the 6
bases are taken as conditioning states in this Chapter.
Strong-dependence
Of the 3 kinds: (a) object-strong-dependence, (b)
proximity-strong-dependence and (c) natural strong-
dependence, the conditioned states of (b) and (c) are
all the mental states just like object condition and
those of (a) are, therefore, included in them. So
strong-dependence is the same as object condition
and that is why they are taken together in the CSEP6.
Prenascence
Conditioned States. Of the 2 kinds: (a) object -
prenascence and (b) base-prenascence, only (b) is
dealt with here as pointed out before. In the Analy-
tical Exposition (see AEC) eye- base and the rest of
the 6 bases are the conditioning states of base-pre-
nascence condition and so the conditioned states are
the 7 consciousness elements exclusive of the 4
203
immaterial resultant consciousnesses, i.e. 85 conscious-
nesses and 52 mental factors. These are taken for
“during life” in the five-aggregate planes as the 6
bases, their conditioning states, apply only in these
cases. The 4 immaterial resultant consciousnesses
are excluded because they occur only in the immaterial
planes.
Conditioning States. The conascent conditioning
states are the same mental states of the conditioned
states. The 6 bases are taken as conditioning states
to show that base-prenascence condition is being
dealt with and to use them in the Conditioned
Chapter.
Postnascence
Postnascence condition has not got the force of
production and, as explained earlier, it is not dealt
with in the Positive conditions.
Repetition
Conditioned States. In the Analytical Expositio 11
there are 3 items for this condition, all beginning with
the word “preceding”. Therefore, according to the
nature of repetition, only the impulsions which are
repeated in a mental process are involved in it and
so the impulsions, as conditioning and conditioned
states, must belong to the same class. In the case
of the first sensuous impulsion it does not belong to
the same class as determining consciousness or mind-
door advertence which precedes it. So the first
impulsions are not conditioned states here. Only
the second to the seventh impulsions of the sensuous
impulsions and all the lofty and supramundane path
impulsions are the conditioned states. Fruition
impulsions are not conditioned states because they do
not belong to the same class as the path impulsions
chat precede them.
204
Conditioning States. The conascent conditioning
states are also the same as the conditioned states.
Heart-base is taken as the conditioning state in
Conditioned Chapter.
Kamma
Conditioned States. The conditioned states of the
2 main kinds : (a) conascence-kamma and (b) asynchro-
nous kamma, are taken. The mental states of (b) are
included in (a). For (a) conascence-kamma, which
is item (ii) in the Analytical Exposition, volition is
the conditioning state and, therefore, the conditioned
states are all the mental states that are associated
with it but from which faultless, faulty and functional
volitions are excluded. The reason why resultant
volitions are not excluded is that they are included as
conditioned states of (b) asynchronous kamma which
is item (1) in the Analytical Exposition.
As for material states, mind-produced matter is a
conditioned state of conascence-kamma; rebirth
kamma-produced matter is that of both kinds; non-
percipient beings’ kamma-produced and during life
kamma-produced matter are those of asynchronous
kamma.
Conditioning States. The co nascent conditioning
states are : (1) all the consciousnesses and mental
factors since there is no need to exclude volition here;
( 2 ) the great primaries of the above 4 kinds of matter.
Heart- base (6 bases) are taken as in object condition.
Resultant
Conditioned States. In the Analytical Exposition
matter is not included as a conditioned state of resul-
tant condition. In the Investigation Chapter mind-
produced matter and rebirth kamma-produced matter,
which respectively arise together with resultant con-
sciousnesses during life and at the moment of con-
ception, are the conditioned states in addition to
those resultant consciousnesses.
Conditioning States. The conascent conditioning
states are: the mental states of the above conditioned
states; the great primaries of the above 2 kinds of
matter and heart-base (6 bases).
Nutriment
Conditioned States. Of the 2 kinds: (a) physical
nutriment and (b) mental nutriment, the conditioned
states are: 89 consciousnesses, 52 mental factors,
mind-produced matter and rebirth kamma-produced
matter of (b) and nutriment-produced matter of (a).
So there are 3 kinds of matter as conditioned states.
Conditioning States. These are: all the mental
states, the same as the conditioned states, and the
great primaries of the above 3 kinds of matter. Heart-
base (6 bases) are also taken.
Faculty
Conditioned states. 3 kinds of faculty condition:
(a) ccnascence-f acuity, (b) base-prenascence-f acuity
and (c) physical life-faculty are given in the Analytical
Exposition. The conditioned states of: (a) are the
89 consciousnesses, 52 mental factors, mind-produced
matter and rebirth kamma-produced matter, just like
mental nutriment above; (b) are twice fivefold con-
sciousnesses which are included in (a) above; (c) are
non-percipient beings’ kamma-produced matter and
during life kamma-produced matter from both of
which physical life-faculty is excluded as it is the
conditioning state.
206
Conditioning States. These are: all the mental states,
the same as the conditioned states, and the great pri-
maries of the above 4 kinds of matter. Heart-base
(6 bases) are also taken.
Jhdna
Conditioned States. Twice fivefold consciousnesses
do not function as jhana and, therefore, the condi-
tioned states are 79 consciousnesses, 52 mental factors,
mind-produced matter and rebirth kamma-produced
matter.
Conditioning States. These are: the same mental
states as the conditioned states and the great prima-
ries of the above 2 kinds of matter. Heart-base alone
is taken as in root condition.
Path
Conditioned States. As in root condition, rooted
mentality and the 2 rooted materiality are the condi-
tioned states but with this difference that delusion is
not excluded from the 2 delusion-rooted conscious-
nesses of the conditioned states.
Conditioning States. The same as root condition.
Dissociation
Conditioned States. Of the 3 kinds : (a) conascence-
dissociation, (b) prenascence-dissociation and (c) post-
nascence-dissociation, only (a) and (b) are taken here.
In the Analytical Exposition it is briefly stated in
general terms that if the material states are the condi-
tioning states, the mental states are the conditioned
states and vice versa, (b) prenascence-dissociation is
the same as base-prenascence above and, therefore,
the conditioned states of (b) are also 85 conscious-
nesses exclusive of 4 immaterial resultant conscious-
207
nesses and 52 mental factors. The conditioned states
of (a) conascence-dissociation are rebirth mental
aggregates in the five-aggregate planes (which are
included in the above conditioned states), mind-pro-
duced matter and rebirth kamma-produced matter.
The total conditioned states are 85 consciousnesses
exclusive of 4 immaterial resultant consciousnesses,
52 mental factors, mind-produced matter and rebirth
kamma-produced matter. They apply only to the
five-aggregate planes.
Conditioning States . These are: all the mental
states of the conditioned states and the great pri-
maries of the above 2 kinds of matter. Heart-base
(6 bases) are also taken.
Presence , Non-disappearance
The 5 kinds of presence condition are: (a) conas-
cence-presence, (b) prenascence-presence, (c) post-
nascence-presence, (d) physical nutriment-presence and
(e) physical life-faculty-presence. In the Analytical
Exposition only the first two are given. Since the
conditioned states of (a) conascence-presence, which
is the same as conascence, are all the mental and
material states, those of the other kinds of presence
condition are included in them. So the conditioning
and conditioned states of presence and also of non-
disappearance are the same as conascence condition
•
From these brief explanations it will be understood
how the conditioning and conditioned states of the
Positive conditions in the 6 Chapters are obtained.
As to how those of the Negative conditions are
obtained they are explained and given in the Chart
of the Single Enumerations of the Negative Conditions
in the 6 Chapters which are dealt with later. These
Charts will have to be used when the 6 Chapters are
dealt with in detail.
208
(ii) Explanation of the Classification and finu*
meration Chapters
In Conditional Relations only, which is a mere transla-
tion of the first volume of Patthaiia, the translator,
in the Introduction, dealt with the order of exposition
of the 24 Divisions of Patthana that form the subject
matter of all the five volumes of the Text. Also,
methods were explained and illustrated for the reader
to have a general idea of how the questions and
answers, which form the contents of the Chapters
in those Divisions, are obtained. Here details will be
given to show how the answers in the Dependent
and the rest of the first 6 Chapters of the Faultless
Triplet Pafthana are obtained.
When the 6 Chapters were explained in the Intro-
duction to Conditional Relations, it was pointed out
that Dependent and Conascent Chapters deal with
the relation by conascencc condition; Conditioned
and Supported Chapters with that by dependence
condition; Conjoined and Associated Chapters with
that by association condition. It was then shown
how, by making use of those conditions, the answers
in the respective Chapters were obtained for root
and object conditions 1 which were taken as examples.
Here methods and explanations will be given for all
the conditions dealt with in the 6 Chapters.
As the contents of Dependent and Conascent
Chapters, Conditioned and Supported Chapters, Con-
joined and Associated Chapters are the same, methods
and explanations given for Dependent, Conditioned
and Conjoined Chapters will serve for the rest of
the Chapters. That is why Conascent, Supported
and Associated Chapters are abbreviated to a great
extent in the Text.
1. Intr. to C.R. 1, pp. xvii-xxviii.
P. 14
209
In the Text each of the 6 Chapters gives the answers
for the conditions under the four methods taken in
the following order:
(1) 1. Conditions : Positive (i) Classification Chapter •
(2) 1 . Conditions: Positive (ii) Enumeration Chapter;
(3) 2. Conditions : Negative (i) Classification Chapter;
(4) 2. Conditions : Negative (ii) Enumeration Chapter ;
(5) 3. Conditions : Positive-Negative
(Enumeration Chapter);
( 6 ) 4. Conditions: Negative- Positive
(Enumeration Chapter).
But here, in the Preliminaries, where the 6 Chapters
are taken together for explanations, it is convenient,
in order to avoid repetitions, to deal with the condi-
tions in the following order:
(1) Classification Chapters of all the Positive Condi-
tions in the 6 Chapters;
( 2 ) Classification Chapters of all the Negative Condi-
tions in the 6 Chapters;
(3) Enumeration Chapters of all the Positive, Nega-
tive, Positive-Negative and Negative- Positive Con-
ditions in the 6 Chapters.
So, after a study of this portion, the reader will
get a good idea of how the Text is expounded, be
able to follow the explanations given about how the
answers are obtained in the Text and also be able
to fill in the many elisions in it.
Explanation of the Meihod
The method is based on the conditioning and condi-
tioned states of the 23 Positive conditions — in the
case of the positive conditions — which are given in
the Chart of the Single Enumerations of the Positive
210
Conditions in the 6 Chapters (CSEP6). When the
reader is conversant with those conditioning and
conditioned states and makes use of them in the way
shown below he will understand the Classification
Chapters of all the Positive Conditions in the Text.
Charts of the Classification Chapters - known as
Text Charts because the contents of these Charts are
given in the Text - are provided so that the classified
answers can be known for the direct answers for each
condition, both these answers together forming the
Classification Chapter of the Text.
The Single Enumeration Charts of the 6 Chapters.
The difference from the Charts of the Analytical
Exposition and Investigation Chapter must he noted.
Root Condition. In the Analytical Exposition and
the Investigation Chapter the conditioning states of
root condition are the 6 roots whereas it will be seen
from CSEP6 that they are different here. This may
appear somewhat perplexing. The reason is that in
the Analytical Exposition and the Investigation
Chapter the relations of the individual conditions are
considered and, therefore, the conditioning and condi-
tioned states of each condition are taken. So, for
root condition, the conditioning states are the 6 roots.
But, as pointed out, in the 6 Chapters only one condi-
tion is considered in each Chapter. For example,
only conascence condition is considered in Dependent
Chapter and, therefore, only the conditioning and
conditioned states of conascence condition are taken.
So, as' shown earlier, the conditioned states of root
condition in the Analytical Exposition are taken and
the states which are co nascent with them are taken
as the conditioning states m Dependent Chapter.
Hence, there is no need to bother about the condi-
tioning states of root condition in the Analytical
Exposition in dealing with these Chapters.
211
As for root condition in Conditioned Chapter the
conditioning and conditioned states are those of
dependence condition and in Conjoined Chapter those
of association condition.
Object Condition , etc. Similarly, for object condi-
tion and the other conditions, the conditioned states
of these conditions are taken from the Analytical
Exposition and their conditioning states which are
related to them by conascence, dependence and asso-
ciation conditions are found for the Dependent,
Conditioned and Conjoined Chapters respectively.
The Conditioning and Conditioned States
in CS&P6
As the title indicates the conditioning and condi-
tioned states of the 23 Positive conditions given in
the Chart apply to all the 6 Chapters. Heart-base is
taken as the conditioning state in Dependent Chapter
for “at the moment of conception” and in Condi-
tioned Chapter for both “during life” and “at the
moment of conception”. The 6 bases, as conditioning
states, are meant for the Conditioned Chapter. In
the case of Conjoined Chapter, where all material
states are excluded, only the mental states are the
conditioning and conditioned states.
In the Akauks of Burma the conditioned states but
not the conditioning states are given. But the condi-
tioning states must be known since all the states con-
cerned have to be analysed because it is from these
analytical states that the answers are obtained. That
is why the author has determined the conditioning
states as required by the Text and included them in
the Chart. So the reader will not have to take the
trouble of finding them for himself and be left in
doubt as to their correctness or otherwise. Now it
will be shown how, by making use of the conditioning
212
(29) TEXT CHART FOR POSITIVE CONDITIONS
I
I
I
1
• 5 *
8
m
a
a
and conditioned states, the enumerations, i.e. the
direct answers, and the classified answers are obtained
in the Classification Chapters for root and the other
positive conditions in Dependent, Conditioned and
Conjoined Chapters.
(1) Classification Chapters of All the Positive Con-
ditions in the 6 Chapters
(a) Positive Conditions in Dependent and Conas-
cent Chapters
When the conditioning and conditioned states of
the conditions in the CSEP6 are examined, it will be
found that conascence condition has the greatest
number of conditioning and conditioned states. As
a matter of fact, it has all the mental and material
states. Therefore, when conascence condition is ex-
plained it will be easy to understand the other condi-
tions because their conascent conditioning and condi-
tioned states are parts of those of conascence condi-
tion. Dependence, presence and non-disappearance
conditions are grouped together with conascence
condition because their conditioning and conditioned
states are the same. This saves space but, of course,
they can be taken according to the serial order in
the Text. Also, object, proximity, etc. are grouped
together.
Conascence Condition
Conditioning States. These are:
(1) 89 consciousnesses, 52 mental factors which are
4 mental aggregates during life and at the moment
of conception. Those that occur (a) during life are
89 consciousnesses, 52 mental factors and (b) at the
moment of conception are 19 rebirth-consciousnesses,
35 mental factors which are included in (a). When
these consciousnesses and mental factors that occur
during life and at the moment of conception are
213
classified under the aggregates, as shown in the Dis-
course on Elements, they are the 4 mental aggregates.
Also, since Faultless Triplet Patthana is being dealt
with, these consciousnesses and mental factors are
classified under faultless, faulty and indeterminate
states, the 3 sections of the faultless triplet. The
faultless states are 21 faultless consciousnesses, 38
mental factors; the faulty states are 12 faulty con-
sciousnesses, 27 mental factors; the indeterminate
states are 36 resultant consciousnesses, 20 functional
consciousnesses, 38 mental factors. Again, when
these consciousnesses and mental factors are classified
under the mental aggregates, they are the 4 mental
aggregates.
(2) Heart-base. As stated earlier, heart-base is taken
in Dependent Chapter for “at the moment of concep-
tion”. It is the heart-base, an indeterminate state,
which arises together with rebirth-consciousness at
the moment of conception. Therefore, for “at the
moment of conception” heart-base and 19 rebirth-
consciousnesses, 35 mental factors which, as classified
above, are the 4 mental aggregates, are taken.
(3) The 4 great primaries. These are mere materiality
and are classed as indeterminate states. In Patthana
7 kinds of matter are taken.
The total conditioning states are, therefore, 89
consciousnesses, 52 mental factors, heart-base and
the great primaries of the 7 kinds of matter.
Conditioned States. These are also 89 conscious-
nesses, 52 mental factors, which are 4 mental aggre-
gates during life and at the moment of conception,
and the 7 kinds of matter. As was done with the
conditioning states they have to be classified under
faultless, faulty and indeterminate states and dealt
with under the 3 heads: (1) during life, (2) at the
moment: of conception and (3) mere materiality.
2 14
Determination of Enumerations for
the Classification Chapter
1, Faultless-faultless . If the conditioning and con-
ditioned states are examined, it will be found that
the conditioning states which are faultless are: 21
faultless consciousnesses, 38 mental factors, and the
conditioned states which are faultless are also: 21
faultless consciousnesses, 38 mental factors. So there
is the answer: faultless-faultless. Therefore, the direct
answer, as given in the Text, is:
“Dependent on faultless state, arises faultless state
by conascence condition.”
From this it appears that all these faultless states,
21 faultless consciousnesses, 38 mental factors, which
are conditioning states, are co nascent with all the
same faultless states, 21 faultless consciousnesses
38 mental factors, which are the conditioned states.
But this cannot be so. For if all the 21 faultless
consciousnesses, 38 mental factors are the conditioning
states, then there would be no faultless state left to
be taken as the conditioned state which is cona scent
with those conditioning states. Also, the conditioning
states cannot be conascent with the conditioned states
that are the same but only with those that are
different. That is why faultless consciousnesses and
mental factors are classified under the aggregates as
4 mental aggregates for both the conditioning and
conditioned states and taken in the following ways:
When any one, of the 4 menial aggregates which
are the conditioning states, is taken as the conditioning
state, e.g. the feeling aggregate, then the other 3, of
the 4 mental aggregates which are the conditioned
stales, i.e. perception, mental formation and con-
sciousness aggregates, are the conditioned states.
Also, when 3," of the 4 mental aggregates which are
215
the conditioning states, are the conditioning states*
e.g. perception, mental formation and consciousness
aggregates, then the other one, of the 4 mental aggre-
gates which are the conditioned states, i.e. feeling
aggregate, is the conditioned state. Again, when 2,
of the 4 mental aggregates which are the conditioning
states, are the conditioning states, e.g. mental forma-
tion and consciousness aggregates, the other 2, of the
4 mental aggregates which are the conditioned states,
i.e. feeling and perception aggregates, are the condi-
tioned states.
Only when the different mental aggregates are
taken in these ways that the 4 mental aggregate
Conditional Relations - Paṭṭhāna - PII Vol 2, Narada
U Narada